2216-34-4Relevant articles and documents
UPGRADING 5-NONANONE
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Paragraph 0104-0108, (2018/04/20)
Provided are fuel components, a method for producing fuel components, use of the fuel components and fuel containing the fuel components based on 5-nonanone.
Solvent-free synthesis of C9 and C10 branched alkanes with furfural and 3-pentanone from lignocellulose
Chen, Fang,Li, Ning,Li, Shanshan,Yang, Jinfan,Liu, Fei,Wang, Wentao,Wang, Aiqin,Cong, Yu,Wang, Xiaodong,Zhang, Tao
, p. 229 - 232 (2015/01/09)
Jet fuel range branched alkanes were first synthesized under solvent-free conditions by the aldol condensation of furfural and 3-pentanone from lignocellulose followed by the one-step hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). Among the investigated solid base catalysts,
Activation and isomerization of hydrocarbons over WO3/ZrO2 catalysts. II. Influence of tungsten loading on catalytic activity: Mechanistic studies and correlation with surface reducibility and tungsten surface species
Di Gregorio, Francois,Keller, Nicolas,Keller, Valerie
, p. 159 - 171 (2008/09/21)
We studied the correlation among the catalytic behavior of WO3/ZrO2 samples toward unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons transformation, tungsten surface species oxidation states, and the crystallographic structure of the zirconia support. Different tungsten-loaded catalysts were studied, from 9 wt% (near-monolayer coverage) to 30 wt%. The resulting WO3/ZrO2 materials were obtained by impregnation of a tungsten salt on either a commercially available monoclinic zirconia or an amorphous hydroxide, ZrOx(OH)4-2x, followed by a calcination step (according to the Hino and Arata procedure), leading to a tetragonal structure. In contrast to previous works, here we demonstrate that the crystallographic structure of zirconia has no influence on catalytic properties. Correlations with XPS analyses revealed two aspects of catalytic behavior that depend strongly on the catalyst reducibility and thus on the W surface species oxidation states. First, on hardly reducible (tungsten loadings a purely acidic monomolecular mechanism for both isomerization (largely predominant) and cracking reactions, associated with W6+ and W5+ surface species, was demonstrated. Second, on easily reducible (tungsten loadings >15 wt%) or deeply reduced (over 723 K) surfaces, a bifunctional mechanism associating dehydrogenating/hydrogenating properties occurring on metallic tungsten and acidic isomerization and cracking on W5+ and W6+ surface species was observed. However, in this last case, we could not exclude the participation of a purely metallic isomerization mechanism occurring through σ-alkyl adsorbed species on the β-W metallic phase. A more pronounced reduction then led to an increase in the extensive hydrogenolysis mechanism, causing catalyst deactivation.
