221626-01-3Relevant articles and documents
Direct synthesis of 2- and 4-alkylbenzonitriles from alkylation of aromatic nitriles in the presence of pyridine transition metal complexes
Tan, Cheng-Quan,Zheng, Xianmou,Ma, Zhaolan,Gu, Yijian
, p. 123 - 127 (1999)
Alkylation of aromatic nitriles in the presence of pyridine transition metal complexes yields 2- and 4-alkylbenzonitriles.
Manganese-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides and Grignard Reagents by a Radical Mechanism
Antonacci, Giuseppe,Ahlburg, Andreas,Fristrup, Peter,Norrby, Per-Ola,Madsen, Robert
, p. 4758 - 4764 (2017/09/07)
The substrate scope and the mechanism have been investigated for the MnCl2-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and Grignard reagents. The transformation proceeds rapidly and in good yield when the aryl halide component is an aryl chloride containing a cyano or an ester group in the para position or a cyano group in the ortho position. A range of other substituents gave no conversion of the aryl halide or led to the formation of side products. A broader scope was observed for the Grignard reagents, where a variety of alkyl- and arylmagnesium chlorides participated in the coupling. Two radical-clock experiments were carried out, and in both cases an intermediate aryl radical was successfully trapped. The cross-coupling reaction is therefore believed to proceed by an SRN1 mechanism, with a triorganomanganate complex serving as the most likely nucleophile and single-electron donor. Other mechanistic scenarios were excluded based on the substrate scope of the aryl halide.
Copper-catalyzed benzylic C-H oxygenation under an oxygen atmosphere via N-H imines as an intramolecular directing group
Zhang, Line,Ang, Gim Yean,Chiba, Shunsuke
supporting information; experimental part, p. 1622 - 1625 (2011/05/05)
Copper-catalyzed benzylic C-H oxygenation under an oxygen atmosphere was developed starting from carbonitriles and Grignard reagents via N-H imine intermediates. The present process is characterized by the following two-step sequence in a one-pot manner: (1) addition of Grignard reagents to carbonitriles to form N-H imines and (2) benzylic C-H oxygenation (C=O bond formation) triggered by 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer with transient iminyl copper species.