32953-65-4Relevant articles and documents
Guanidine based task specific ionic liquids for the synthesis of biolubricant range esters under solvent-free condition
Porwal, Jyoti,Kumar, Subodh,Kaul, Savita,Jain, Suman L.
, p. 93640 - 93644 (2016/10/18)
Guanidine-based task specific ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized from the reaction of 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl guanidine with protic acids and used for the synthesis of higher alcohol esters of fatty acids as biolubes under solvent free condition. The synthesized 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium hydrogen sulphate (TMG·HSO4) was found to be most effective among the different ILs including 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium acetate (TMG·Ac), 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium hydrogen phosphate (TMG·H2PO4) and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium trifluoro acetate (TMG·TFA). The effect of various reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst amount etc. has been studied. After completion the reaction the esterification product was isolated and the recovered IL was reused for several runs without loss in catalytic activity.
Esterification of oleic acid in [Bmim]BF4/[Hmim]HSO4 + TX-100/cyclohexane ionic liquid microemulsion
Jiang, Dongyu,Chen, Li,Wang, Aili,Yan, Zongcheng
, p. 54427 - 54433 (2015/02/19)
Esterification of oleic acid was carried out in a 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF4)/Triton X-100 + 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Hmim]HSO4)/cyclohexane microemulsion. A pseudo ternary phase diagram of the designed systems was drawn to investigate the phase behavior of the microemulsion, with the surfactant [Hmim]HSO4 acting as a catalyst. The effects of various reaction parameters were explored. The results showed that the maximum yield of lauryl oleate reaches 91.17% and its selectivity reaches 98.55% under optimum reaction conditions. The reaction was carried out with 8 wt% catalyst at 373 K for 6 h. The molar ratios of [Bmim]BF4 to the surfactant and of oleic acid to lauryl alcohol were 0.24 and 0.2, respectively. Comparison reactions between different alcohols and oleic acid were also performed, and the results showed that long alkyl chain alcohols promote the reaction rate. UV-vis absorption spectra demonstrated that the generated water enters the [Bmim]BF4 microdomain of the ionic liquid microemulsions. A possible mechanism of the reaction was also presented. All the results indicate that the [Bmim]BF4/TX-100 + [Hmim]HSO4/cyclohexane microemulsion is a very efficient catalyst system for esterification reactions. This journal is
Synthesis of biolubricants using sulfated zirconia catalysts
Oh, Jinho,Yang, Sungeun,Kim, Chanyeon,Choi, Inchang,Kim, Jae Hyun,Lee, Hyunjoo
, p. 164 - 171 (2013/06/05)
Synthesis of biomass-derived lubricants via esterification, transesterification, and simultaneous reactions of both was studied by using sulfated zirconia catalysts. Soybean oil or free fatty acids derived from soybean oil were used as a biomass-derived resource for the synthesis of biolubricants. Long chain alcohols (carbon number ≥ 8) or neo-polyols (e.g., 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol) were used as co-reactants. The structure of the alcohol significantly affected the conversion and yield for the esterification with oleic acid. The esters produced showed kinematic viscosity and viscosity index comparable to commercial lubricants. Various sulfated zirconia catalysts were prepared and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller isotherm, and tested for esterification. The type of zirconium precursor demonstrated a significant effect on the physical property of the catalyst and its catalytic activity. Interestingly, esters with fully saturated hydrocarbon chains were synthesized from unsaturated free fatty acids regardless of the absence of hydrogen gas. The sulfated zirconia could be recycled for up to five repeated reactions without any degradation. The effects of reaction time and temperature were also investigated.
