497-25-6Relevant articles and documents
Ethylene carbonate production by cyclocondensation of ethylene glycol and urea in the presence of metal oxides and metal acetylacetonates
Lyadov,Kochubeev,Markova,Khadzhiev
, p. 852 - 856 (2016)
A promising method for the production of ethylene carbonate is the cyclocondensation of ethylene glycol and urea in the presence of a catalyst. In this study, the catalytic effect of oxides and acetylacetonates of various metals on the occurrence of this reaction has been examined. It has been shown that cobalt acetylacetonate is the most effective catalyst. The effect of reaction conditions (temperature, pressure, contact time, and catalyst concentration) on the main parameters of catalytic conversion has been studied.
1H and 2H NMR spectroscopic studies on the metabolism and biochemical effects of 2-bromoethanamine in the rat
Holmes,Caddick,Lindon,Wilson,Kryvawych,Nicholson
, p. 1349 - 1359 (1995)
Male Fischer 344 rats were dosed with 2-bromoethanamine hydrobromide (BEA, N = 6) or [1,1,2,2,-2H4]-bromoethanamine hydrobromide (BEA-d4, N = 6) at 150 mg/kg i.p. and urine was collected -24 to 0 hr pre-dose and at 0-2 hr, 2-4 hr, 4-8 hr and 8-12 hr post-dose (p.d.). Urine samples were analysed directly using 500 and 600 MHz 1H NMR and 92.1 MHz 2H NMR spectroscopy. The major observed effect of BEA treatment was the induction of transient elevations in urinary glutaric acid (GTA) and adipic acid (ADA) excretion lasting up to 24 hr p.d. Most of the GTA was excreted in the 0-8 hr p.d. with maximal rates of 100-120 μM/hr for each rat occurring between 4 and 8 hr p.d. in animals treated with BEA or BEA-d4. GTA and ADA were shown to be of endogenous origin as there was no detectable incorporation of the 2H label into either compound following treatment of rats with BEA-d4. Following BEA-treatment there was an initial decrease in the levels of urinary citrate, succinate, 2-oxoglutarate and trimethylamine-N-oxide. A subsequent recovery of citrate and succinate was noted following the onset of medullary nephropathy. The abnormal urinary metabolite profiles were similar to that observed in the urine of humans with glutaric aciduria type II (an inborn error of metabolism) caused by a lack of mitochondrial fatty acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenases indicating that BEA or its metabolites have similar metabolic consequences. The BEA metabolite aziridine was detected by 1H and 2H NMR spectroscopy of the urine 8 hr p.d. together with BEA itself and two novel metabolites 2-oxazolidone (OX) and 5-hydroxy-2-oxazolidone (HOX). The formation of OX requires the reaction of BEA with endogenous bicarbonate followed by a cyclisation reaction eliminating HBr. Dosing rats with authentic OX resulted in the excretion of HOX but did not cause glutaric or adipic aciduria indicating that either aziridine or BEA itself was responsible for the presumed defect in mitochondrial metabolism.
Gold (III) phosphorus complex immobilized on fibrous nano-silica as a catalyst for the cyclization of propargylic amines with CO2
Sadeghzadeh, Seyed Mohsen
, p. 216 - 223 (2016)
In this study, The HPG@KCC-1 NP was prepared through the ringopening polymerization of glycidol on the surface of KCC-1 to form HPG@KCC-1 and then HPG@KCC-1 NPs were functionalized using chlorodiphenylphosphine and phosphine-functionalized nanoparticles (HPG@KCC-1/PPh2) as a recyclable phosphorus ligand was obtained. Also, gold (III) complex of HPG@KCC-1/PPh2 ligand (HPG@KCC-1/PPh2/Au) was prepared which used for the cyclization of propargylic amines with CO2 to provide 2-oxazolidinones. High catalytic activity and ease of recovery from the reaction mixture using filtration, and several reuse times without significant losses in performance are additional eco-friendly attributes of this catalytic system.
SBA-15 Supported Dendritic ILs as a Green Catalysts for Synthesis of 2-Imidazolidinone from Ethylenediamine and Carbon Dioxide
Liu, Jinghan,Ma, Jianjun,Miao, Penghua,Min, Qingwang,Qi, Meijuan,Shamsa, Farzaneh
, (2021/07/26)
In this work, a simple and facile approach is conducted for preparing many new SBA-15 supported dendritic imidazolium ILs heterogeneous catalysts SBA-15/IL(1–3) having high ionic density from SBA-15. SBA-15/IL(3) as a green heterogeneous catalyst can be used for synthesis of 2-imidazolidinone from ethylenediamine and carbon dioxide and considering solvent-free condition. SBA-15/IL(3) showed to have the highest catalytic activity besides a positive dendritic influence on the yields of the synthesis of 2-imidazolidinone in the presence of CO2 is seen because of existing the high-density peripheral zwitterionic ionic liquid functional groups on the biobased SBA-15/IL(3) catalyst surfaces. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Rational design of bifunctional catalyst from KF and ZnO combination on alumina for cyclic urea synthesis from CO2 and diamine
John, Crowny,Kulal, Nagendra,Shanbhag, Ganapati V.
, (2020/04/22)
This study is mainly focused on the design of stable, active and selective catalyst for direct synthesis of 2-imidazolidinone (cyclic urea) from ethylenediamine and CO2. Based on the rationale for the catalyst properties needed for this reaction, KF, ZnO and Al2O3 combination was selected to design the catalyst. ZnO/KF/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by stepwise wet-impregnation followed by the removal of physisorbed KF from the surface. High product yield could be achieved by tuning acid-base sites by varying the composition and calcination temperature. The catalysts were characterized by various techniques like XRD, N2-sorption, NH3-TPD, CO2-TPD, TEM, XPS and FT-IR measurements. It is shown that acidic and basic properties of the solvent can influence the activity and product selectivity for this reaction. Under optimized condition; 180 °C, 10 bar and 10 wt.% catalyst in batch mode, 96.3 % conversion and 89.6 % selectivity towards the 2-imidazolidinone were achieved.
