51630-58-1 Usage
Description
Fenvalerate is a yellow-brown viscous liquid that is practically soluble in water. It is stable to moderate heat and light and is rapidly hydrolysed in basic environments (above pH 8). Fenvalerate is a racemic mixture of four stereoisomers in equal proportions owing to the presence of two chiral centres. It is a synthetic type II pyrethroid.
Fenvalerate is registered as an insecticide for a wide array of crop uses, as well as a termiticide and insect repellent.
Chemical Properties
Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 51630-58-1 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. It is an ester of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol but lacks a cyclopropane ring. However, in terms of its insecticidal behaviour, it belongs to the pyrethroid insecticides. Technical grade fenvalerate is a yellow or brown viscous liquid having a specific gravity of 1.175 at 25°C. The vapour pressure is 0.037 mPa at 25°C, and it is relatively non-volatile. It is practically insoluble in water (approximately 2 μg/L) but soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, xylene, and kerosene. It is stable to light, heat, and moisture but unstable in alkaline media.
2. Yellowish to brown viscous liquid. Also available as an emulsifiable concentrate, which is corrosive.
Technical grade is a brown viscous liquid. Faint chemical
odor. Boiling point = decomposes.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 51630-58-1 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Insecticide used against a wide variety of pests.
2. An insecticide, used to control insects from food crops, animal feed and cotton products.
3. Fenvalerate controls a wide range of insect pests in fruit, vines,
olives, hops, nuts, vegetables, cotton, oilseed rape, sunflowers, alfalfa,
cereals, maize, sorghum, potatoes, beets, soyabeans, tobacco, sugar cane
and ornamentals. It is also used in public health situations and in animal
houses.
Definition
ChEBI: A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.
General Description
A clear viscious yellow liquid with a mild odor. Used as broad spectrum insecticide.
Air & Water Reactions
Insoluble in water. Rapidly hydrolyzed by alkaline solution.
Reactivity Profile
A pyrethroid. Phenvalerate is an ester and nitrile. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides. Nitriles may polymerize in the presence of metals and some metal compounds. They are incompatible with acids; mixing nitriles with strong oxidizing acids can lead to extremely violent reactions. Nitriles are generally incompatible with other oxidizing agents such as peroxides and epoxides. The combination of bases and nitriles can produce hydrogen cyanide. Nitriles are hydrolyzed in both aqueous acid and base to give carboxylic acids (or salts of carboxylic acids).
Hazard
Questionable carcinogen.
Contact allergens
Fenvalerate is an insecticide of the synthetic pyrethroid
group, which induced sensitization in farmers.
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion,
intravenous, and intracerebral routes.
Moderately toxic by skin contact.Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation
data reported. Highly toxic to fish and bees.
Corrosive, causes eye damage. A skin
irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-, NOx, and CN-. See
also CYANIDE.
Potential Exposure
Fenvalerate is one of the most versatile
synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. It is mostly used in agriculture and on cattle, but also in homes and gardens. It
acts as a stomach poison against a wide variety of leaf and
fruit eating such as bollworm fruit and shoot borers and
aphids. Crops on which it is used include cotton, cauliflower, okra, vines and fruits. It is also used in public health
and animal husbandry. It is effective against pests whose
strains are resistant to organochlorine, organophosphorus,
and carbamate insecticides. Not used in EU countries
Environmental Fate
Soil. Fenvalerate is moderately persistent in soil. The percentage of the initial dosage (1 ppm) remaining after 8 weeks of incubation in an organic and mineral soil were 58 and 12%, respectively, while in sterilized controls 100 and 91% remained, respectively (Chapman et al., 1981).In a sugarcane runoff plot, fenvalerate was applied at a rate of 0.22 kg/ha 4 times each year in 1980 and 1981. Runoff losses in 1980 and 1981 were 0.08 and 0.56 of the applied amount, respectively (Smith et al., 1983).Plant. Dislodgable residues of fenvalerate on cotton leaf 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after application (0.22 kg/ha) were 0.85, 0.36, 0.38, 0.28 and 0.28 μg/m2, respectively (Buck et al., 1980).Surface Water. In an estuary, the half-life of fenvalerate was 27–42 days (Schimmel et al., 1983).Chemical/Physical. Undergoes hydrolysis at the ester bond (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). Decomposes gradually at 150–300°C (Windholz et al., 1983) probably releasing toxic fumes of nitrogen and chlorine.
Metabolic pathway
After foliar treatment of 14C-fenvalerate on wheat
plants, the amount of residual radioactivity in the grain
and hull is below the limit of reliable measurement.
Individual degradation products accounting for more
than 1% of the applied radioactivity are not present in
the foliage or straw. Important degradation pathways
include decarboxylation and ester cleavage.
Shipping
UN3349 Pyrethroid pesticide, solid toxic,
Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous material. UN3352
Pyrethroid pesticide, liquid toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Degradation
Fenvalerate is relatively stable at pH 5 and 7 (half-lives of 130-220 days),
while at pH 9.0 it undergoes ester hydrolysis (half-life of about 65 days),
resulting in the formation of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid
(CPIA, 2) as a major degradation product. Esfenvalerate and fenvalerate
showed no significant difference in hydrolysis rate in water; however,
esfenvalerate underwent epimerisation in the alcohol moiety under alkaline
and neutral aqueous conditions (ICPS, 1990).
Fenvalerate, underwent rapid photodegradation under the action of
UV light with a half-life of 16-18 min in methanol, hexane, or acetonitrile/
water (60/40). 2-(3-Phenoxyphenyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)methylpentanenitrile
(decarboxy-fenvalerate) (3) was the major photoproduct, amounting
to 54-57% of the total reaction mixture. There were smaller amounts
of the dechlorinated analogue of decarboxy-fenvalerate (3) and the dimer
of 2,2-dimethyl-4-chlorostyrene3,- phenoxybenzoyl cyanide, 4-chloroisobutylbenzene,
2,2-dimethyl-4-chlorostyrene, 3-phenoxybenzyl cyanide,
its dimer, 1,2-bis(phenoxyphenyl)ethane, CPIA (Z), 3-phenoxybenzoic
acid (3PBA) (4) and 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropano(lH olmstead et
al., 1978). The products are shown in Scheme 1.
The photodegradation of fenvalerate in water and on soil was investigated
using several 14C-labelled preparations. On exposure to sunlight,
fenvalerate was rapidly decomposed in distilled water, 2% aqueous
acetone, filter-sterilised river water or sea water to almost the same
extent. The half-lives were approximately 4 days in summer and 13-15
days in winter. On soil surfaces, the rate of photodegradation was dependent
on the soils used, the half-lives being 2-18 days. One of the major photodegradation products was decarboxy-fenvalerate (3). Other major
products were 3PBA (4) and CPIA (2), derived from the ester bond cleavage,
amounting to 43% and 58%, respectively, of the applied radioactivity
after 6 weeks. In addition, small amounts of a-carbamoyl-3-phenoxybenzyl
2-(4-chloropheny)-3-methylbutyrate(CONH2-fenvalerate) (5), α-carboxy-3-phenoxybenyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate( CONH2-fenvalerate)
(6), 3-phenoxybenzyl cyanide, 3-phenoxyphenylacetamide and Sphenoxyphenylacetic acid were formed (Mikami et al., 1980). Traces
of 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde (3PBAl) (7) and 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol
(3PBalc) (8) (shown in Scheme 2) were also formed.
Toxicity evaluation
Acute oral LD50 for rats: 151 mg/kg
Incompatibilities
ncompatible with oxidizers, chlorates
nitrates, peroxides, sulfuric acid, caustics, ammonia, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, isocyanates, alkylene oxides,
epichlorohydrin. Moisture may cause hydrolysis or other
forms of decomposition. Emulsifiable concentrate is
corrosive
References
[1] http://www.toxipedia.org
[2] Y. Xia, Q. Bian, L. Xu, S. Cheng, L. Song, J. Liu, W. Wu, S. Wang and X. Wang, Genotoxic effects on human spermatozoa among pesticide factory workers exposed to fenvalerate, Toxicology, 2004, vol. 203, 49-60
[3] Terry R Roberts, David H Hutson, Philip W Lee, Peter H Nicholls and Jack R Plimmer, Metabolic Pathways of Agrochemicals: Part 2: Insecticides and Fungicides, 1999
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 51630-58-1 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 5,1,6,3 and 0 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 51630-58:
(7*5)+(6*1)+(5*6)+(4*3)+(3*0)+(2*5)+(1*8)=101
101 % 10 = 1
So 51630-58-1 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C25H22ClNO3/c1-17(2)24(18-11-13-20(26)14-12-18)25(28)30-23(16-27)19-7-6-10-22(15-19)29-21-8-4-3-5-9-21/h3-15,17,23-24H,1-2H3
51630-58-1Relevant articles and documents
Photodecarboxylation of cyanohydrin esters. Models for pyrethroid photodecomposition
Holmstead,Fullmer
, p. 56 - 59 (1977)
Benzyl esters in which the α position has been substituted with a cyano group give upon irradiation in either methanol or hexane products resulting from photoelimination of carbon dioxide. The relative amount of photoeliminated product formed is dependent upon intermediate free radical stability. The α substituted and unsubstituted esters examined may serve as models for photodecomposition studies of pyrethroid insecticide chemicals in organic solvents.
Method for fighting against arthropods destructive of crops and compositions therefor
-
, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to processes for controlling arthropods, particularly processes for controlling insects and especially processes for controlling insects which ravage crops, particularly rice crops or market-garden crops; as well as to processes for protecting crops, particularly rice crops or market-garden crops; as well as to processes directed towards improving the yield of the treated crops; as well as to compositions or products which may be used in such processes.
Methods and agents for combating cockroaches
-
, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to the use of compounds of the general formula I STR1 in which R1 represents C1 -C5 -alkyl or hydroxy-C1 -C5 -alkyl; R2 represents C1 -C5 -alkyl; and m represents an integer from 10 to 20, for combating cockroaches.
