62-56-6 Usage
Description
Thiocarbamide, also known as Thiourea, is a colorless crystalline organic compound and the sulfur analog of urea. It is a white crystal or powder that is combustible and soluble in water. Thiocarbamide is used as a reducing agent, a sensitizer in photography, and has various applications in different industries.
Uses
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Thiocarbamide is used as a chaotropic agent and strong denaturant for increasing solubility and recovery of proteins.
Used in Agricultural Industry:
Thiocarbamide is used as a seed germination stimulant, breaking the dormancy of seeds and aiding in their growth.
Used in Chemicals Industry:
Thiocarbamide is used as a chemical intermediate or catalyst, in metal processing and plating, and in photoprocessing.
Used in Metallurgical Industry:
Thiocarbamide is used in the determination of bismuth and as a reagent for bismuth and selenite ions.
Used in Petroleum Industry:
Thiocarbamide is used as a mobility buffer in petroleum extraction.
Used in Textile Industry:
Thiocarbamide is used in textile processing and as a vulcanization accelerator.
Used in Photography Industry:
Thiocarbamide is used as a photographic fixing agent and to remove stains from negatives.
Used in Manufacturing of Resins:
Thiocarbamide is used in the production of flame-retardant resins and vulcanization accelerators.
Used in Environmental Applications:
Thiocarbamide is used in the removal of mercury from wastewater by chlorine-alkali electrolysis.
Used in Miscellaneous Applications:
Thiocarbamide is used in animal glue liquifiers, silver tarnish removers, hair preparations, drycleaning agents, synthesis of pharmaceuticals and pesticides, boiler-water treatment, and as an ingredient in consumer silver polishes.
Production Methods
Thiourea is formed by heating ammonium thiocyanate at 170 °C (338 °F). After about an hour, 25% conversion is achieved. With HCl, thiourea forms thiourea hydrochloride; with mercuric oxide, thiourea forms a salt; and with silver chloride, it forms a complex salt.
Preparation
Thiourea is manufactured by heating ammonium thiocyanate at 140-145°C
for about 4 hours; equilibrium is established when about 25% of the
thiocyanate is converted to thiourea.Thiourea may also be prepared by the interaction of cyanamide and hydrogen sulphide:Thiourea closely resembles urea in that reaction with formaldehyde gives
methylol derivatives and then resinous condensates which on continued
heating yield network structures. Thiourea-formaldehyde resins are slower
curing than urea-formaldehyde resins and the hardened products are more
brittle and more water-resistant. At one time thiourea-formaldehyde resins
were added to urea-formaldehyde resins to give mouldings and laminates
with improved water-resistance. These mixed resins have now been largely
superseded by melamine-formaldehyde resins which give products with better
resistance to heat.
Air & Water Reactions
Water soluble.
Reactivity Profile
Thiocarbamide is a white crystalline material or powder, toxic, carcinogenic. When heated to decomposition Thiocarbamide emits very toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur and oxides of nitrogen. Violent exothermic polymerization reaction with acrylaldehyde (acrolein) [MCA SD-85, 1961], violent decomposition of the reaction product with hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid [Bjorklund G. H. et al., Trans. R. Soc. Can.,1950, 44, p. 28], spontaneous explosion upon grinding with potassium chlorate [Soothill, D., Safety Management, 1992, 8(6), p. 11].
Hazard
A questionable carcinogen. May not be
used in food products (FDA); skin irritant (allergenic).
Health Hazard
Poisonous inhaled or swallowed. Irritating to skin; may cause allergic skin eruptions.
Health Hazard
The acute oral toxicity of thiourea in mostanimals is of low order. The oral LD50 values reported in the literature show variation.Symptoms of chronic effects in rats includebone marrow depression and goiters. Administration of 32.8 mol of thiourea in chickembryos on day 17 of incubation resultedin the accumulation of parabronchial liquidin those embryos (Wittman et al. 1987). Theinvestigators have attributed such changes tothe toxic effects of thiourea, rather to than aretardation of pulmonary development.Dedon and coworkers (1986) observed thepossible protective action of thiourea againstplatinum toxicity. Thiourea and other sulfur-containing nucleophiles have the ability tochelate and remove platinum from biochemical sites of toxicity.Oral administration of thiourea resultedin tumors in the liver and thyroid in rats.It is carcinogenic to animals and has shownsufficient evidence.
Fire Hazard
Noncombustible solid. There is no report of
any explosion resulting from reactions of
thiourea. Small amounts of thiourea in contact with acrolein may polymerize acrolein,
which is a highly exothermic reaction.
Contact allergens
Thiourea is used as a cleaner agent for silver and cop-
per, and as an antioxidant in diazo copy paper. It can
induce (photo-) contact dermatitis.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Thiourea is a free radical scavenger of the peroxide radical. It was shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation and ultraviolet (UV)-induced crosslinking of collagen. Bud dormancy in plants can be inhibited by thiourea, which is used as a growth stimulator. It is also known to be used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
Potential Exposure
Thiourea is used as rubber antiozonant, toning agent; corrosion inhibitor; and in pharmaceutical manufacture; in the manufacture of photosensitive papers; flame-retardant textile sizes; boiler water treatment. It is also used in photography; pesticide manufacture; in textile chemicals.
Carcinogenicity
Thiourea is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental
animals.
Purification Methods
Crystallise thiourea from absolute EtOH, MeOH, acetonitrile or water. Dry it under vacuum over H2SO4 at room temperature. [Beilstein 3 IV 342.]
Incompatibilities
Dust may form explosive mixture with air. Reacts violently with acrolein, strong acids (nitric acid). Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 62-56-6 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 6 and 2 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 5 and 6 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 62-56:
(4*6)+(3*2)+(2*5)+(1*6)=46
46 % 10 = 6
So 62-56-6 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/CH4N2O4S/c2-1(4)3-8(5,6)7/h(H3,2,3,4)(H,5,6,7)
62-56-6Relevant articles and documents
C-S bond-forming reactions of barbiturylbromide with isothiocarbamides in aqueous media
Sontakke, Madhuri M.,Jichkar, Atul A.,Dhonde, Madhukar G.,Bhaskar, Chandrakant S.,Berad, Baliram N.
supporting information, p. 340 - 345 (2014/01/06)
The C-S cross coupling of pharmaceutically active barbituric acid derivatives has been achieved by the interaction of selective monobromobarbituric acid with thioureas in an aqueous medium. This method is applicable for simple thiourea as well as monosubstituted thioureas, and corresponding products are obtained in good yield. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.]
BORONIC ACID AND ESTER INHIBITORS OF THROMBIN
-
, (2008/06/13)
Novel boronic acid and ester and carboxyl-modified amino acid compounds of the Formula I, which are inhibitors of trypsin-like enzymes, are disclosed:R 1--Z--CHR 2--A, where R 1, Z, R 2 and A are defined within.
Process for preparation of enantiomerically pure polysubstituted 1,4-dihydropyridines
-
, (2008/06/13)
A process for the optical resolution of racemic 1,4-dihydropyridines, containing isothioureido groups. Salification of racemic isothioureas with optically active acids produces diasteroisomeric mixtures of isothiouronium salts, that, using conventional techniques, are separated in the individual components to give optically pure isothioureides of 1,4-dihydropyridines and salts thereof with conventional acids. Said optically pure 1,4-dihydropyridines can then be subjected to desulphuration and to different transformations to give to other enantiomerically pure and therapeutically useful 1,4-dihydropyridines.