74-81-7Relevant articles and documents
Micellization and catalytic properties of cationic surfactants with head groups functionalized with a hydroxyalkyl fragment
Mirgorodskaya, Alla B.,Yackevich, Ekaterina I.,Syakaev, Victor V.,Zakharova, Lucia Ya.,Latypov, Shamil K.,Konovalov, Alexander I.
, p. 3153 - 3163 (2013/01/15)
The catalytic activity of two homological series of cationic surfactants bearing a hydroxyalkyl fragment in the head groups R(CH3)2N+(CH2CH2OH)Br-and R(CH3)2N+/s
Nucleophilic substitution in carboxylic esters in oil-in-water microemulsions
Mirgorodskaya,Kudryavtseva
, p. 1261 - 1265 (2007/10/03)
In hydrolysis and aminolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters of carboxylic acids in oil-in-water microemulsions on the basis of surfactants of various nature, a complex mechanism of the effect of the medium is operative, including shift of acid-base equilibria in the nucleophile. The rate constants of the processes studied are quantitatively related to the surface potential of the microdroplet. Varied hydrophobicity of the nucleophile and substrate changes the site of the reaction act and the relative contributions of aminolysis and hydrolysis.
Lactones. 2. Enthalpies of hydrolysis, reduction, and formation of the C4-C13 monocyclic lactones. Strain energies and conformations
Wiberg, Kenneth B.,Waldron, Roy F.
, p. 7697 - 7705 (2007/10/02)
The enthalpies of hydrolysis of the monocyclic lactones from γ-butyrolactone to tridecanolactone were determined calorimetrically, and the acyclic ethyl having the number of atoms were studied in the fashion. The enthalpies of reduction of the lactones to the corresponding α,ω-alkanediols with lithium triethylborohydride also were determined. The enthalpies of formation of the lactones and the ethyl esters were derived from these data. They were converted to values for the gas phase by measuring the enthalpies of vaporization of ethyl esters and of lactones. In the of γ-butyrolactone and δ-valerolactone, the enthalpies of formation were in good accord with the previously reported values determined via combustion calorimetry. The strain energies of the lactones were obtained via isodesmic reactions. Valerolactone had a strain energy of 11 kcal/mol, and the largest strain energy was found with octanolactone (13 kcal/mol). The conformations of γ-butyrolactone and δ-valerolactone were studied via MP2/6-31G* geometry optimizations, and the conformations of the other lactones were studied with use of the molecular mechanics program MM3. The energies of the lactones estimated via molecular mechanics were compared with the experimental results.
