Ruthenium(II)-catalyzed N-substituted phthalimide synthesis via C-H activation/[3+2] annulation
Ruthenium-catalyzed intermolecular [3 + 2] annulation pathway for aromatic acids with isocyanates to afford N-substituted phthalimide in one step is demonstrated, which provides an efficient process to direct preparation of phthalimide from commercially a
A rhodium-catalyzed cascade cyclization: Direct synthesis of N-substituted phthalimides from isocyanates and benzoic acids
A rhodium(III)-catalyzed amidation between benzoic acids and isocyanates via direct functionalization of an ortho C-H bond followed by intramolecular cyclization is described. This cascade cyclization affords N-substituted phthalimides in one step in 26-91% yields. The reaction is highly atom-economical, since no theoretical waste except for water is generated in the reaction.