- Fluoro-Substituted Methyllithium Chemistry: External Quenching Method Using Flow Microreactors
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The external quenching method based on flow microreactors allows the generation and use of short-lived fluoro-substituted methyllithium reagents, such as fluoromethyllithium, fluoroiodomethyllithium, and fluoroiodostannylmethyllithium. Highly chemoselective reactions have been developed, opening new opportunities in the synthesis of fluorinated molecules using fluorinated organometallics.
- Colella, Marco,Degennaro, Leonardo,Higuma, Ryosuke,Ishikawa, Susumu,Luisi, Renzo,Nagaki, Aiichiro,Takahashi, Yusuke,Tota, Arianna
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supporting information
p. 10924 - 10928
(2020/05/08)
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- Iron-Catalyzed, Iminyl Radical-Triggered Cascade 1,5-Hydrogen Atom Transfer/(5+2) or (5+1) Annulation: Oxime as a Five-Atom Assembling Unit
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By integration of iminyl radical-triggered 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer and (5+2) or (5+1) annulation processes, a series of structurally novel and interesting azepine and spiro-tetrahydropyridine derivatives have been successfully prepared in moderate to good yields. This method utilizes FeCl2 as the catalyst and readily available oximes as five-atom units, while showcasing broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility. The annulation products can be easily converted into many valuable compounds. Moreover, DFT calculation studies are performed to provide some insights into the possible reaction mechanisms for the (5+2) and (5+1) annulations.
- Chen, Ying-Chun,Du, Fei,Jiang, Kun,Liang, Wu,Ouyang, Qin,Shuai, Li,Wei, Ye,Yang, Jie
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supporting information
p. 19222 - 19228
(2020/08/25)
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- Magnesium Aldimines Prepared by Addition of Organomagnesium Halides to 2,4,6-Trichlorophenyl Isocyanide: Synthesis of 1,2-Dicarbonyl Derivatives
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The selective addition of organomagnesium reagents to 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl isocyanide leading to magnesiated aldimines is reported. These aldimines react with Weinreb amides, ketones, or carbonates to provide the corresponding carbonyl derivatives after acidic cleavage. This allows for an efficient synthesis of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds and α-hydroxy ketones.
- Schw?rzer, Kuno,Bellan, Andreas,Z?schg, Maximilian,Karaghiosoff, Konstantin,Knochel, Paul
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supporting information
p. 9415 - 9418
(2019/05/10)
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- Broadly Applicable Ytterbium-Catalyzed Esterification, Hydrolysis, and Amidation of Imides
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An efficient, broadly applicable, operationally simple, and divergent process for the transformation of imides into a range of carboxylic acid derivatives under mild conditions is reported. By simply using catalytic amounts of ytterbium(III) triflate as a Lewis acid promoter in the presence of alcohols, water, amines, or N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine, a broad range of imides is smoothly and readily converted to the corresponding esters, carboxylic acids, amides, and Weinreb amides in good yields. This method notably enables an easy cleavage of oxazolidinone-based auxiliaries.
- Guissart, Céline,Barros, Andre,Rosa Barata, Luis,Evano, Gwilherm
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p. 5098 - 5102
(2018/09/13)
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- Mo(CO)6 as a Solid CO Source in the Synthesis of Aryl/Heteroaryl Weinreb Amides under Microwave-Enhanced Condition
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The facile transformation of aryl/heteroaryl nonaflates into corresponding amides via Pd-catalyzed aminocarbonylation using Mo(CO)6 as a solid CO source under microwave-enhanced condition is reported. The method was found to be tolerant with respect to a
- Ningegowda, Raghu,Bhaskaran, Savitha,Sajith, Ayyiliath M.,Aswathanarayanappa, Chandrashekar,Padusha, M. Syed Ali,Priya, Babu Shubha
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- QUINOLINYL MODULATORS OF RORyt
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The present invention comprises compounds of Formula I. wherein: R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9 are defined in the specification. The invention also comprises a method of treating or ameliorating a syndrome, disorder or disease, wherein said syndrome, disorder or disease is rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis. The invention also comprises a method of modulating RORγt activity in a mammal by administration of a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1.
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Paragraph 0637; 0638
(2015/04/28)
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- An Efficient synthesis of Weinreb amides and ketones via palladium nanoparticles on ZIF-8 catalysed carbonylative coupling
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Heterogeneously catalysed carbonylative coupling reactions such as aminocarbonylation and Suzuki-carbonylation are reported using Pd nanoparticles supported on ZIF-8 for efficient and environmentally attractive synthesis of Weinreb amides and ketones from aryl bromides or iodides. The catalyst is air stable, offers high activity with very low palladium leaching and is recyclable. The presence of a phosphine ligand was required when aryl bromides were used as substrates, while no ligand was necessary when aryl iodides were used. the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Thanh Dang, Tuan,Chen, Anqi,Majeed Seayad, Abdul
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p. 30019 - 30027
(2014/08/05)
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- Pd(OAc)2/DABCO as an efficient and phosphine-free catalytic system for the synthesis of single and double Weinreb amides by the aminocarbonylation of aryl iodides
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This work reports a mild, stable and efficient Pd(OAc)2/DABCO catalysed protocol for the synthesis of single and double Weinreb amides. Double Weinreb amides, having 1,4-phenylene- and biphenylene-linkers-important backbones for the synthesis of biologically active symmetrical resorcylate oligomer units-were synthesized by the double carbonylation of aryl diiodides. Notably, the reaction does not require any expensive or air/moisture sensitive phosphine ligands. DABCO was found to be an inexpensive and stable ligand for the Pd(OAc)2 catalysed carbonylation of aryl iodides under an atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide, and offered excellent yields of the single and double Weinreb amides. the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Gadge, Sandip T.,Bhanage, Bhalchandra M.
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p. 5727 - 5732
(2014/07/22)
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- One-pot transition-metal-free synthesis of weinreb amides directly from carboxylic acids
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Weinreb amides were prepared directly from carboxylic acids, N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine, and phosphorus trichloride in one pot at 60 °C in toluene in high yields, thus avoiding the separation of the moisture and air sensitive intermediate P[NMe(OMe)]3 in advance. Sterically hindered carboxylic acids also give the corresponding Weinreb amides in excellent yields. Various functional groups are tolerated on the carboxylic acid. The method, which is a simple process and gives high yields, is suitable for large-scale production. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.
- Niu, Teng,Wang, Ke-Hu,Huang, Danfeng,Xu, Changming,Su, Yingpeng,Hu, Yulai,Fu, Ying
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p. 320 - 330
(2014/02/14)
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- Study of the chemoselectivity of Grignard reagent addition to substrates containing both nitrile and Weinreb amide functionalities
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Several substrates containing both cyano and Weinreb amide functionalities have been synthesized to study the chemoselectivity of their reactions with organomagnesium bromides (ArMgBr and RMgBr). Excellent chemoselectivity towards the Weinreb amide was observed in most cases, even in the presence of excess Grignard reagent, affording cyano ketones in good-to-excellent yields. The reactions of various substrates containing both nitrile and Weinreb amide functionalities with Grignard reagents have been studied. The Weinreb amide reacts chemoselectively with excess Grignard reagent to give the corresponding cyano ketones in good yields. This chemoselectivity has been exploited for the synthesis of a key coumarin intermediate towards the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor MK-0633. Copyright
- Harikrishna, Kommidi,Rakshit, Ananya,Aidhen, Indrapal Singh
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p. 4918 - 4932
(2013/08/23)
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- THERAPEUTIC COMPOUNDS
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The invention provides compounds of formulae (I), (II), (III), and (IV): and salts thereof, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. The compounds are useful for treating cancers and Alzheimer's disease.
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Page/Page column 27; 28
(2013/03/28)
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- Modeling, synthesis, and biological evaluation of potential retinoid X receptor (RXR) selective agonists: Novel analogues of 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8- Pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethynyl]benzoic Acid (Bexarotene) and (E)-3-(3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1,
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Three unreported analogues of 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5-6-7-8- tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethynyl]benzoic acid (1), otherwise known as bexarotene, as well as four novel analogues of (E)-3-(3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,1,4,4,6- pentamethylnaphthalen-7-yl)-4-hydr
- Jurutka, Peter W.,Kaneko, Ichiro,Yang, Joanna,Bhogal, Jaskaran S.,Swierski, Johnathon C.,Tabacaru, Christa R.,Montano, Luis A.,Huynh, Chanh C.,Jama, Rabia A.,Mahelona, Ryan D.,Sarnowski, Joseph T.,Marcus, Lisa M.,Quezada, Alexis,Lemming, Brittney,Tedesco, Maria A.,Fischer, Audra J.,Mohamed, Said A.,Ziller, Joseph W.,Ma, Ning,Gray, Geoffrey M.,Van Der Vaart, Arjan,Marshall, Pamela A.,Wagner, Carl E.
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p. 8432 - 8454
(2013/12/04)
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- 1, 2 DISUBSTITUTED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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1,2-disubstituted heterocyclic compounds which are inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 10 are described. Also described are processes, pharmaceutical compositions, pharmaceutical preparations and pharmaceutical use of the compounds in the treatment of mammals, including human(s) for central nervous system (CNS) disorders and other disorders which may affect CNS function. Among the disorders which may be treated are neurological, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders including, but not limited to, those associated with cognitive deficits or schizophrenic symptoms.
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Page/Page column 96-97
(2010/01/30)
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- Novel aldosterone synthase inhibitors with extended carbocyclic skeleton by a combined ligand-based and structure-based drug design approach
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Pharmacophore modeling of a series of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) inhibitors triggered the design of compounds 11 and 12 by extending a previously established naphthalene molecular scaffold (e.g., present in molecules 1 and 2) via introduction of a phenyl or benzyl residue in 3-position. These additional aromatic moieties have been hypothesized to fit into the newly identified hydrophobic pharmacophore feature HY3. Subsequent docking studies in our refined CYP11B2 protein model have been performed prior to synthesis to estimate the inhibitory properties of the proposed molecules. While phenyl-substituted compound 11 (IC50 > 500 nM) did not dock under the given pharmacophore constraint (i.e., the Fe(heme)-N(ligand) interaction), benzyl-substituted compound 12 (IC50 = 154 nM) was found to exploit a previously unexplored subpocket of the inhibitor binding site. By structural optimization based on the pharmacophore hypothesis, 25 novel compounds were synthesized, among them highly potent CYP11B2 inhibitors (e.g., 17, IC 50 = 2.7 nM) with pronounced selectivity toward the most important steroidogenic and hepatic CYP enzymes.
- Lucas, Simon,Heim, Ralf,Negri, Matthias,Antes, Iris,Ries, Christina,Schewe, Katarzyna E.,Bisi, Alessandra,Gobbi, Silvia,Hartmann, Rolf W.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 6138 - 6149
(2009/10/01)
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- Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reactions of aryl bromides at atmospheric pressure: A general system based on xantphos
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A method for the Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl bromides has been developed using Xantphos as the ligand. This method is effective for the direct synthesis of Weinreb amides, 1° and 2° benzamides, and methyl esters from the corresponding aryl bromides at atmospheric pressure. In addition, a putative catalytic intermediate, (Xanphos)Pd(Br)benzoyl, was prepared and an X-ray crystal structure was obtained revealing an unusual cis-coordination mode of Xantphos in this palladium-acyl complex.
- Martinelli, Joseph R.,Watson, Donald A.,Freckmann, Dominique M. M.,Barder, Timothy E.,Buchwald, Stephen L.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7102 - 7107
(2009/05/09)
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- Convenient method for the preparation of weinreb amides via PD-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of aryl bromides at atmospheric pressure
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(Chemical Equation Presented) The direct transformation of aryl bromides into the corresponding Weinreb amides via Pd-catalyzed aminocarbonylation at atmospheric pressure is reported.
- Martinelli, Joseph R.,Freckmann, Dominique M. M.,Buchwald, Stephen L.
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p. 4843 - 4846
(2007/10/03)
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- Direct conversion of N-methoxy-N-methylamides (Weinreb amides) to ketones via a nonclassical Wittig reaction
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(Chemical Equation Presented) N-Methoxy-N-methylamides (Weinreb amides) are converted efficiently into ketones by reaction with alkylidenetriphenylphosphoranes and in situ hydrolysis of the product.
- Murphy, John A.,Commeureuc, Aurelien G. J.,Snaddon, Thomas N.,McGuire, Thomas M.,Khan, Tanweer A.,Hisler, Kevin,Dewis, Mark L.,Carling, Robert
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p. 1427 - 1429
(2007/10/03)
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- New HIV-1 replication inhibitors of the styryquinoline class bearing aroyl/acyl groups at the C-7 position: Synthesis and biological activity
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Novel variants of HIV-1 replication inhibitors of the styrylquinoline class harboring aroyl/acyl group at the C-7 position have been synthesized. In sharp contrast with styrylquinolines bearing a carboxylic acid group at C-7, these compounds proved to be inactive toward HIV-1 integrase in in vitro assays.
- Normand-Bayle, Marie,Benard, Christophe,Zouhiri, Fatima,Mouscadet, Jean-Francois,Leh, Herve,Thomas, Claire-Marie,Mbemba, Gladys,Desmaele, Didier,D'Angelo, Jean
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p. 4019 - 4022
(2007/10/03)
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- Enantioselective oxidative biaryl coupling reactions catalyzed by 1,5-diazadecalin metal complexes: Efficient formation of chiral functionalized BINOL derivatives
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Chiral 1,5-diaza-cis-decalins have been examined as ligands in the enantioselective oxidative biaryl coupling of substituted 2-naphthol derivatives. Under the optimal conditions employing 2.5-10 mol % of a 1,5-diaza-cis-decalin copper(II) catalyst with oxygen as the oxidant, enantioselective couplings (44-96% ee) could be achieved for a range of 3-substituted 2-naphthols including the ester, ketone, phosphonyl, and sulfonyl derivatives. The relationship between the substitution of the naphthalene starting materials and reactivity/selectivity is determined by several factors which act in concert: (1) the effect of substituents on the oxidation potential of the substrate, (2) the ability of the substrate to participate in a chelated copper complex which depends on (a) the inherent coordinating ability of the 3-substituent and (b) substituent steric interactions that affect chelation between the 2-hydroxyl and 3-substituent, (3) the effect of substituents on dissociation of the product from the copper catalyst.
- Li, Xiaolin,Hewgley, J. Brian,Mulrooney, Carol A.,Yang, Jaemoon,Kozlowski, Marisa C.
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p. 5500 - 5511
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of novel retinoid X receptor-selective retinoids
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Retinoids 1-5 have been identified as potent RXR agonists for evaluation in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Highly convergent syntheses of 1-5 have been developed. The core tetrahydronaphthalene 7, employed in the synthesis of 1 and 2, was prepared in 98% yield using an AlCl3-catalyzed (0.03 equiv) Friedel-Crafts alkylation of toluene with 2,5-dichloro-2,5-dimethylhexane 6. A nitromethane-mediated Fridel-Crafts acylation of 7 with chloromethylnicotinate 9 was developed to prepare ketone 10 in 68% yield. Chelate-controlled addition of MeMgCl to 10 followed by dehydration afforded olefin 11 in 65% yield. Cyclopropanation of 11 with trimethylsulfoxonium ylide, followed by saponification, completed a five-step synthesis of 1 in 33% yield. FeCl3-catalyzed (0.05 equiv) Friedel-Crafts acylation of 7 with chloromethyl-terephthalate 14 afforded ketone 15 in 81% yield. Saponification of 15 and reaction with 50% aqueous NH2OH in AcOH afforded a 9:1 mixture of cis and trans oximes, from which the desired cis-oxime 2 was isolated in 43% yield. The core bromo-dihydronaphthalene 29 required for the synthesis of 3-5 was prepared by a Shapiro reaction. Transmetalation of 29 and reaction with Weinreb amides 30b or 36 afforded ketones 32 and 37, which were converted into 3-5 using chemistry comparable to the tetrahydronaphthylene series. Suzuki coupling of boronic acids 41 and 42 with vinyl triflate 43 provided an alternative approach to the synthesis of this class of compounds.
- Faul,Ratz,Sullivan,Trankle,Winneroski
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p. 5772 - 5782
(2007/10/03)
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