- Synthesis of 2-methylbenzoxazoles directly from: N -phenylacetamides catalyzed by palladium acetate
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A method to synthesize 2-methylbenzoxazoles directly from N-phenylacetamides catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2 in the presence of K2S2O8 and TfOH has been developed. The desired products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. This approach provides a facile procedure to prepare benzoxazoles with available substrates. It is found that TfOH is the key factor for this cyclization reaction. A plausible mechanism of the reaction is proposed according to the control reactions and the literature.
- Wang, Biying,Jiang, Chengfei,Qian, Jiasheng,Zhang, Shuwei,Jia, Xiaodong,Yuan, Yu
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- Late-Stage Diversification of Biarylphosphines through Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed C-H Bond Alkenylation with Internal Alkynes
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We report herein P(III)-directed C-H bond alkenylation of (dialkyl)- and (diaryl)biarylphosphines using internal alkynes. Chloride-free [Rh(OAc)(COD)]2 acts as a better catalyst than commercially available [RhCl(COD)]2. Conditions were developed to control the mono- and difunctionalization depending on the alkyne stoichiometry. One of these novel bisalkenylated (dialkyl)biarylphosphines was employed for the preparation of a palladium(II) complex, and some of these functionalized ligands outperformed their corresponding unfunctionalized phosphines in Pd-catalyzed amidation with sterically hindered aryl chlorides.
- Zhang, Zhuan,Cordier, Marie,Dixneuf, Pierre H.,Soulé, Jean-Fran?ois
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- Syntheses and resolutions of new chiral biphenyl backbones: 2-Amino-2′-hydroxy-6,6′-dimethyl-1,1′-biphenyl and 2-amino-2′-hydroxy-4,4′,6,6′-tetramethyl-1,1′- biphenyl
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The new chiral backbones (R)-(+)- and S-(-)-2-amino-2′-hydroxy-6,6′-dimethyl-1,1′-biphenyl and (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-2-amino-2′-hydroxy-4,4′,6,6′- tetramethyl-1,1′-biphenyl were synthesized from o-methylaniline and 2,4-dimethyl-aniline respectively in seven steps. A new resolution method was developed to provide homochiral enantiomers (from diastereomeric salts) in reasonably high yields. The absolute configuration of the new biphenyls was confirmed by X-ray structural analysis.
- Liang, Yuxue,Gao, Shuang,Wan, Huihui,Wang, Junwei,Chen, Huilin,Zheng, Zhuo,Hu, Xinquan
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- Sunlight-assisted decomposition of cephalexin by novel synthesized NiS-PPY-Fe3O4 nanophotocatalyst
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In this research, the catalytic performance of NiS and NiS immobilized into the matrix of magnetite polypyrrole core/shell (Fe3O4@PPY) for degradation of cephalexin was investigated. After characterization, by FTIR, TG, XRD, VSM, DRS, PL, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), TEM and SEM techniques, the photocatalysts were used for degradation of a pharmaceutical pollutant; cephalexin under UV and sunlight irradiations. The results indicated that application of PPY-Fe3O4 as the catalyst supports significantly enhanced the photocatalytic activity of NiS. The degradation efficiency obtained by NiS-PPY-Fe3O4 was higher than the value obtained by NiS alone. Moreover, by use of the support, a significant red shift was occurred on the band gap energy of NiS resulting higher degradation of the pollutant under sunlight irradiation. Paramagnetic nature of the NiS-PPY-Fe3O4 photocatlyst enabled effective separation of the used catalysts from the reaction solution with the aid of an external magnetic field and avoiding the tedious filtration or centrifugation. Upon regeneration, the photocatalyst retained most of its initial efficiency. Addition of H2O2 to the photocatalyst mixture had an enhancing effect on the cephalexin degradation. The photodegradation products were identified by GC–MS technique.
- Torki,Faghihian
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- Efficient nitriding reagent and application thereof
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The invention discloses an efficient nitriding reagent and application thereof, wherein the nitriding reagent comprises nitrogen oxide, an active agent, a reducing agent and an organic solvent. By applying the nitriding reagent, nitrogen-containing compounds such as amide, nitrile and the like can be produced, and the method is simple in condition, low in waste discharge amount and simple in reaction equipment.
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Paragraph 0146-0148
(2021/03/31)
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- Method for catalyzing one-pot hydrogenation and amidation of nitroaromatic hydrocarbon and carboxylic acid by visible light
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The invention discloses a method for catalyzing one-pot hydrogenation and amidation reaction of nitroaromatic hydrocarbon and carboxylic acid by visible light. The method comprises the following steps: preparing Pt nanoparticles uniformly dispersed on an N-doped titanium dioxide/titanium carbide (MXene) heterojunction as a photocatalyst (3% Pt/N-TiO2/Ti3C2), and applying the catalyst to a cascade reaction of an aromatic nitro compound and carboxylic acid to prepare an amide product. The 3% Pt/N-TiO2/Ti3C2 has excellent tandem hydrogenation and amidation activity and chemical selectivity of an aromatic nitro compound and carboxylic acid under the irradiation of visible light. The excellent catalytic performance of 3% Pt/N-TiO2/Ti3C2 is attributed to the close contact of TiO2 and conductive Ti3C2, and the separation efficiency of photo-induced electrons and holes is improved through charge short-range directional transmission. The preparation method of the catalyst is simple and easy to operate, the catalyst can be used for photocatalytic efficient one-pot hydrogenation and amidation reactions, the reaction conditions are mild, and the catalyst is easy to recycle.
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Paragraph 0030
(2021/06/09)
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- Highly Efficient and Practical Synthesis of the Key Intermediate of Telmisartan
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We reported herein an efficient and practical method to access 1,7′-dimethyl-2′-propyl-2,5′-bi(1H-benzimidazole) 1, a key intermediate for the synthesis of telmisartan. The synthetic route was based on readily available o-methylaniline as the starting material, and the target product 1 was prepared through a six-step process, including amidation, formylation, cyclization, hydrolysis, amidine, and oxidation. The overall yield for the preparation of 1 was 51.5% on the 100 g scale, with a purity of 99.91%. The salient features of this method include economic and easily available starting materials, operational simplicity, and environmentally friendly, which is suitable for the industrial production.
- Zhao, Jianhong,Xiong, Yicheng,Yang, Wu-Lin,Yang, Fan,Jin, Yu
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p. 1022 - 1027
(2021/04/12)
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- Method for synthesizing P-chloroO-toluidine
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The invention discloses a method for synthesizing p-chloroo-toluidine, which comprises the following steps: synthesizing o-toluidine and a protective agent in an organic solvent to obtain an amino-protected intermediate. The amino protected intermediate is added into hydrochloric acid, an oxidant is added for chlorination reaction, and a chlorination product is obtained. The chlorinated product is removed and the amino protecting group is removed to give p-chloroo-toluidine. The method for synthesizing p-chloroo-toluidine provided by the invention is high in yield, simple to operate, less in three wastes, high in product content and good in quality, and can be suitable for industrial mass production.
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Paragraph 0086-0087
(2021/10/05)
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- Preparation and catalytic evaluation of a palladium catalyst deposited over modified clinoptilolite (Pd&at;MCP) for chemoselective N-formylation and N-acylation of amines
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Novel palladium nanoparticles stabilized by clinoptilolite as a natural inexpensive zeolite prepared and used for N-formylation and N-acylation of amines at room temperature at environmentally benign reaction conditions in good to excellent yields. Pd (II) was immobilized on the surface of clinoptilolite via facile multi-step amine functionalization to obtain a sustainable, recoverable, and highly active nano-catalyst. The structural and morphological characterizations of the catalyst carried out using XRD, FT-IR, BET and TEM techniques. Moreover, the catalyst is easily recovered using simple filtration and reused for 7 consecutive runs without any loss in activity.
- Amirsoleimani, Mina,Khalilzadeh, Mohammad A.,Zareyee, Daryoush
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- Microwave-assisted synthesis of (Piperidin-1-yl)quinolin-3-yl) methylene)hydrazinecarbothioamides as potent inhibitors of cholinesterases: A biochemical and in silico approach
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by central cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, and intellectual decline poses a major public health problem affecting millions of people around the globe. Despite several clinically approved drugs and development of anti-Alzheimer’s heterocyclic structural leads, the treatment of AD requires safer hybrid therapeutics with characteristic structural and biochemical properties. In this endeavor, we herein report a microwave-assisted synthesis of a library of quinoline thiosemicarbazones endowed with a piperidine moiety, achieved via the condensation of 6/8-methyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)quinoline3-carbaldehydes and (un)substituted thiosemicarbazides. The target N-heterocyclic products were isolated in excellent yields. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were fully established using readily available spectroscopic techniques (FTIR,1H-and13C-NMR). Anti-Alzheimer potential of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds was evaluated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. The in vitro biochemical assay results revealed several compounds as potent inhibitors of both enzymes. Among them, five compounds exhibited IC50 values less than 20 μM. N-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-((8-methyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)quinolin-3-yl)methylene)hydrazine carbothioamide emerged as the most potent dual inhibitor of AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 9.68 and 11.59 μM, respectively. Various informative structure–activity relationship (SAR) analyses were also concluded indicating the critical role of substitution pattern on the inhibitory efficacy of the tested derivatives. In vitro results were further validated through molecular docking analysis where interactive behavior of the potent inhibitors within the active pocket of enzymes was established. Quinoline thiosemicarbazones were also tested for their cytotoxicity using MTT assay against HepG2 cells. Among the 26 novel compounds, there were five cytotoxical and 18 showed proliferative properties.
- Athar, Muhammad Makshoof,Awan, Sana Javaid,Iftikhar, Kiran,Javid, Noman,Khan, Imtiaz,Munir, Rubina,Murtaza, Shahzad,Zaib, Sumera,Zia-Ur-rehman, Muhammad
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- Antioxidant and method for preparing antioxidant
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The invention discloses an antioxidant and a method for preparing the antioxidant. An intermediate 2 reacts with an intermediate 5 to obtain an intermediate 14, the intermediate 14 isoxidized with potassium permanganate, an esterification reaction is then carried out with an intermediate 13 to obtain an intermediate 15, the intermediate 15 is reduced with tin powder to obtain an intermediate 16, the intermediate 16 and the intermediate 8 are subjected to dehydration condensation, the antioxidant is prepared, the antioxidant contains a large number of sulfur atoms, the sulfur atoms can be oxidized to form sulfoxide and sulfone compounds, the antioxidant has good oxidation resistance, free radicals generated by macromolecules can be captured, then the free radical branching reaction is inhibited, and the antioxidant activity is improved. The oxidation resistance of the high-molecular material is improved, and the self relative molecular mass is large and is not easy to separate out from the high-molecular material.
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Paragraph 0014; 0046; 0049; 0054; 0057; 0062; 0065
(2021/08/06)
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- Chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes, N-acetylation of arylamines, and one-pot reductive acetylation of nitroarenes using carbon-supported palladium catalytic system in water
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Developing and/or modifying fundamental chemical reactions using chemical industry-favorite heterogeneous recoverable catalytic systems in the water solvent is very important. In this paper, we developed convenient, green, and efficient approaches for the chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes, N-acetylation of arylamines, and one-pot reductive acetylation of nitroarenes in the presence of the recoverable heterogeneous carbon-supported palladium (Pd/C) catalytic system in water. The utilize of the simple, effective, and recoverable catalyst and also using of water as an entirely green solvent along with relatively short reaction times and good-to-excellent yields of the desired products are some of the noticeable features of the presented synthetic protocols. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Zeynizadeh, Behzad,Mohammad Aminzadeh, Farkhondeh,Mousavi, Hossein
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p. 3289 - 3312
(2021/05/11)
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- Discovery of novel quinoline-based analogues of combretastatin A-4 as tubulin polymerisation inhibitors with apoptosis inducing activity and potent anticancer effect
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A new series of quinoline derivatives of combretastatin A-4 have been designed, synthesised and demonstrated as tubulin polymerisation inhibitors. These novel compounds showed significant antiproliferative activities, among them, 12c exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against different cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HL-60, HCT-116 and HeLa) with IC50 ranging from 0.010 to 0.042 μM, and with selectivity profile against MCF-10A non-cancer cells. Further mechanistic studies suggest that 12c can inhibit tubulin polymerisation and cell migration, leading to G2/M phase arrest. Besides, 12c induces apoptosis via a mitochondrial-dependant apoptosis pathway and caused reactive oxygen stress generation in MCF-7 cells. These results provide guidance for further rational development of potent tubulin polymerisation inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.Highlights A novel series of quinoline derivatives of combretastatin A-4 have been designed and synthesised. Compound 12c showed significant antiproliferative activities against different cancer cell lines. Compound 12c effectively inhibited tubulin polymerisation and competed with [3H] colchicine in binding to tubulin. Compound 12c arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase, effectively inducing apoptosis and inhibition of cell migration.
- Ibrahim, Tarek S.,Hawwas, Mohamed M.,Malebari, Azizah M.,Taher, Ehab S.,Omar, Abdelsattar M.,Neamatallah, Thikryat,Abdel-Samii, Zakaria K.,Safo, Martin K.,Elshaier, Yaseen A. M. M.
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p. 802 - 818
(2021/03/29)
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- Synthesis of indenoquinolinone through aryne-mediated Pd(II)-catalysed remote C–H activation
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Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]Indenoquinolinones have been synthesized from 2-haloquinoline-3-carbaldehyde through Pd-mediated simultaneous C–H (aldehyde) and C–X bond activation. DFT studies were performed to investigate the mechanistic pathway, and in situ UV–Vis studies indicate the presence of Pd(II) intermediate species. Aryne ligated Pd complex is actual intermediate in these reactions. Ligation of reactive aryne to Pd reduces probability of side reactions. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Patel, Anuj P.,Shaikh, Mohammedumar M.,Gurjar, Kamlesh K.,Chikhalia, Kishor H.
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p. 2049 - 2061
(2021/02/01)
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- Novel 1,2,4-triazine-quinoline hybrids: The privileged scaffolds as potent multi-target inhibitors of LPS-induced inflammatory response via dual COX-2 and 15-LOX inhibition
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Based on the observed pharmacophoric structural features for the reported dual COX/15-LOX inhibitors and inspired by the abundance of COX/LOX inhibitory activities reported for the 1,2,4-triazine and quinoline scaffolds, we designed and synthesized novel 1,2,4-triazine-quinoline hybrids (8a-n). The synthesized hybrids were evaluated in vitro as dual COXs/15-LOX inhibitors. The new triazine-quinoline hybrids (8a-n) exhibited potent COX-2 inhibitory profiles (IC50 = 0.047–0.32 μM, SI ～ 20.6–265.9) compared to celecoxib (IC50 = 0.045 μM, SI ～ 326). Moreover, they revealed potent inhibitory activities against 15-LOX enzyme compared to reference quercetin (IC50 = 1.81–3.60 vs. 3.34 μM). Hybrid 8e was the most potent and selective dual COX-2/15-LOX inhibitor (COX-2 IC50 = 0.047 μM, SI = 265.9, 15-LOX IC50 = 1.81 μM). These hybrids were further challenged by their ability to inhibit NO, ROS, TNF-α, IL-6 inflammatory mediators, and 15-LOX product, 15-HETE, production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages cells. Compound 8e was the most potent hybrid in reducing ROS and 15-HETE levels showing IC50 values of 1.02 μM (11-fold more potent than that of celecoxib, IC50 = 11.75 μM) and 0.17 μM (about 43 times more potent than celecoxib, IC50 = 7.46 μM), respectively. Hybrid 8h exhibited an outstanding TNF-α inhibition with IC50 value of 0.40 μM which was about 25 times more potent than that of celecoxib and diclofenac (IC50 = 10.69 and 10.27 μM, respectively). Docking study of the synthesized hybrids into the active sites of COX-2 and 15-LOX enzymes ensures their favored binding affinity. To our knowledge, herein we reported the first 1,2,4-triazine-quinoline hybrids as dual COX/15-LOX inhibitors.
- Ghanim, Amany M.,Rezq, Samar,Ibrahim, Tarek S.,Romero, Damian G.,Kothayer, Hend
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- Z-Selective Fluoroalkenylation of (Hetero)Aromatic Systems by Iodonium Reagents in Palladium-Catalyzed Directed C?H Activation
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The direct and catalytic incorporation of fluorine containing molecular motifs into organic compounds resulting high-value added chemicals represents a rapidly evolving part of synthetic methodologies, thus this area is in the focus of pharmaceutical and agrochemical research. Herein we report a stereoselective procedure for direct fluorovinylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic scaffolds. This methodology development has been realized by palladium-catalyzed ortho C?H activation reaction of aniline derivatives featuring the regioselectivity via directing groups such as secondary of tertiary amides, ureas or ketones. The application of non-symmetrical aryl(fluoroalkenyl)-iodonium salts as fluoroalkenylating agents allowed mild reaction conditions in general for this transformation. The scope and limitations have been thoroughly investigated and the feasibility has been demonstrated by more than 50 examples.
- Bényei, Attila,Domján, Attila,Egyed, Orsolya,Gonda, Zsombor,Novák, Zoltán,Sályi, Gerg?,Tóth, Balázs L.
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supporting information
(2021/11/09)
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- Cobalt-Catalyzed Deoxygenative Hydroboration of Nitro Compounds and Applications to One-Pot Synthesis of Aldimines and Amides
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The commercially available and bench-stable Co(acac)2 ligated with bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether (dpephos) was employed for selective room temperature hydroboration of nitro compounds with HBPin (TOF up to 4615 h?1), tolerating halide, hydroxy, amino, ether, ester, lactone, amide and heteroaromatic functionalities. These reactions offered a direct access to a variety of N-borylamines RN(H)BPin, which were in situ treated with aldehydes and carboxylic acids to produce a series of aldimines and secondary carboxamides without the need for dehydrating and/or coupling reagents. Combination of these transformations in a sequential one-pot manner allowed for direct and selective synthesis of aldimines and secondary carboxamides from readily available and inexpensive nitro compounds.
- Gudun, Kristina A.,Hayrapetyan, Davit,Khalimon, Andrey Y.,Segizbayev, Medet,Slamova, Ainur,Zakarina, Raikhan
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- Cu(OTf)2-Mediated Cross-Coupling of Nitriles and N-Heterocycles with Arylboronic Acids to Generate Nitrilium and Pyridinium Products**
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Metal-catalyzed C–N cross-coupling generally forms C?N bonds by reductive elimination from metal complexes bearing covalent C- and N-ligands. We have identified a Cu-mediated C–N cross-coupling that uses a dative N-ligand in the bond-forming event, which, in contrast to conventional methods, generates reactive cationic products. Mechanistic studies suggest the process operates via transmetalation of an aryl organoboron to a CuII complex bearing neutral N-ligands, such as nitriles or N-heterocycles. Subsequent generation of a putative CuIII complex enables the oxidative C–N coupling to take place, delivering nitrilium intermediates and pyridinium products. The reaction is general for a range of N(sp) and N(sp2) precursors and can be applied to drug synthesis and late-stage N-arylation, and the limitations in the methodology are mechanistically evidenced.
- Bell, Nicola L.,Xu, Chao,Fyfe, James W. B.,Vantourout, Julien C.,Brals, Jeremy,Chabbra, Sonia,Bode, Bela E.,Cordes, David B.,Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.,McGuire, Thomas M.,Watson, Allan J. B.
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supporting information
p. 7935 - 7940
(2021/03/03)
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- Catalyst-free generation of acyl radicals induced by visible light in water to construct C-N bonds
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We describe herein a catalyst-free and redox-neutral photochemical strategy for the direct generation of acyl radicals from α-diketones, and its selective conversion of nitrosoarenes to hydroxyamides or amides with AcOH or NaCl as an additive. The reaction was carried out under mild conditions in water with purple LEDs as the light source. A broad scope of substrates was demonstrated. Mechanistic experiments indicate that α-diketones cleave to give acyl radicals, with hydroxyamides being further reduced to amides.
- Ran, Maogang,He, Jiaxin,Yan, Boyu,Liu, Wenbo,Li, Yi,Fu, Yunfen,Li, Chao-Jun,Yao, Qiuli
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supporting information
p. 1970 - 1975
(2021/03/16)
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- A novel construction of acetamides from rhodium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of DMC with nitro compounds
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Dimethyl carbonate (DMC), an environment-friendly compound prepared from CO2, shows diverse reactivities. In this communication, an efficient procedure using DMC as both a C1 building block and solvent in the aminocarbonylation reaction with nitro compounds has been developed. W(CO)6acts both a CO source and a reductant here.
- Bao, Zhi-Peng,Miao, Ren-Guan,Qi, Xinxin,Wu, Xiao-Feng
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supporting information
p. 1955 - 1958
(2021/03/02)
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- Visible-light induced one-pot hydrogenation and amidation of nitroaromatics with carboxylic acids over 2D MXene-derived Pt/N-TiO2/Ti3C2
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Pt nanoparticles supported on N doped titanium dioxide/titanium carbide (MXene) heterojunctions were employed as photocatalysts for the tandem reactions between aromatic nitro compounds and carboxylic acids to produce amide products. The 3%Pt/N-TiO2/Ti3C2 heterojunction was prepared by in situ grew TiO2 on Ti3C2 nanosheets and then N doped TiO2 with melamine, Pt nanoparticles with 3.3 nm mean diameter well dispersed on N-TiO2/Ti3C2. 3%Pt/N-TiO2/Ti3C2 had excellent amidation activity and chemoselectivity under visible-light irradiation. The elevated catalytic performance of 3%Pt/N-TiO2/Ti3C2 was owing to the improvement in photogenerated electron and hole separation efficiency through charge short-range directional transmission caused by the intimate contact between the TiO2 and the conductive Ti3C2. This direct hydrogenation along with amidation between nitroaromatics and carboxylic acids own actual merits in the amides produce with no harmful byproducts. In situ DRIFTS spectra verified that the amidation activation with visible light irradiation at 25 °C was much faster than heating.
- Jiang, Heyan,Hu, Zujie,Gan, Chuan,Sun, Bin,Kong, Shuzhen,Bian, Fengxia
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 5-((substituted quinolin-3-yl/1-naphthyl) methylene)-3-substituted imidazolidin-2,4-dione as HIV-1 fusion inhibitors
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A series of novel 5-(substituted quinolin-3-yl or 1-naphthyl)methylene)-3-substituted imidazolidin-2,4-dione 9–26 was designed and synthesized. The prepared compounds were identified using 1H NMR, 13C NMR as well as elemental analyses. The inhibitory activity of 9–26 on HIV-1IIIB replication in MT-2 cells was evaluated. Some derivatives showed good to excellent anti-HIV activities as compounds 13, 18, 19, 20, 22 and 23. They showed EC50 of 0.148, 0.460, 0.332, 0.50, 0.271 and 0.420 μM respectively being more potent than compound I (EC50 = 0.70 μM) and II ( EC50 = 2.40 μM) as standards. The inhibitory activity of 9–26 on infected primary HIV-1 domain, 92US657 (clade B, R5) was investigated. All the tested compounds consistently inhibited infection of this virus with EC50 from 0.520 to 11.857 μM. Results from SAR studies showed that substitution on ring A with 6/7/8-methyl group resulted in significant increase in the inhibitory activity against HIV-1IIIB infection (5- >300 times) compared to the unsubstituted analog 9. The cytotoxicity of these compounds on MT-2 cells was tested and their CC50 values ranged from 11 to 85 μM with selectivity indexes ranged from 0.53 to 166. The docking study revealed nice fitting of the new compounds into the hydrophobic pocket of HIV-1 gp41 and higher affinity than NB-64. Compound 13, the most active in preventing HIV-1IIIB infection, adopted a similar orientation to compound IV. Molecular docking analysis of the new compounds revealed hydrogen bonding interactions between the imidazolidine-2,4-dione ring and LYS574 which were missed in the weakly active derivatives.
- AL-Mahmoudy, Amany M. M.,Abdel-Aal, Eatedal H.,AlAwadh, Mohammed A.,Alhakamy, Nabil A.,Asfour, Hany Z.,Bokhtia, Riham M.,Elagawany, Mohamed,Gouda, Ahmed M.,Ibrahim, Tarek S.,Panda, Siva,Taher, Ehab S.,Youssif, Bahaa G. M.
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- Potent quinoline-containing combretastatin a-4 analogues: Design, synthesis, antiproliferative, and anti-tubulin activity
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A novel series of quinoline derivatives of combretastatin A-4 incorporating rigid hydrazone and a cyclic oxadiazole linkers were synthesized and have demonstrated potent tubulin polymerization inhibitory properties. Many of these novel derivatives have shown significant antiproliferative activities in the submicromolar range. The most potent compound, 19h, demonstrated superior IC50 values ranging from 0.02 to 0.04 μM against four cancer cell lines while maintaining low cytotoxicity in MCF-10A non-cancer cells, thereby suggesting 19h’s selectivity towards proliferating cancer cells. In addition to tubulin polymerization inhibition, 19h caused cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells at the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. Collectively, these findings indicate that 19h holds potential for further investigation as a potent chemotherapeutic agent targeting tubulin.
- Ibrahim, Tarek S.,Hawwas, Mohamed M.,Malebari, Azizah M.,Taher, Ehab S.,Omar, Abdelsattar M.,O’boyle, Niamh M.,McLoughlin, Eavan,Abdel-Samii, Zakaria K.,Elshaier, Yaseen A. M. M.
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- Nitromethane as a nitrogen donor in Schmidt-type formation of amides and nitriles
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The Schmidt reaction has been an efficient and widely used synthetic approach to amides and nitriles since its discovery in 1923. However, its application often entails the use of volatile, potentially explosive, and highly toxic azide reagents. Here, we report a sequence whereby triflic anhydride and formic and acetic acids activate the bulk chemical nitromethane to serve as a nitrogen donor in place of azides in Schmidt-like reactions. This protocol further expands the substrate scope to alkynes and simple alkyl benzenes for the preparation of amides and nitriles.
- Jiao, Ning,Liu, Jianzhong,Qiu, Xu,Song, Song,Wei, Jialiang,Wen, Xiaojin,Zhang, Cheng,Zhang, Ziyao
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supporting information
p. 281 - 285
(2020/01/28)
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- Tin(ii) chloride dihydrate/choline chloride deep eutectic solvent: Redox properties in the fast synthesis of: N -arylacetamides and indolo(pyrrolo)[1,2- a] quinoxalines
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In this contribution a physicochemical, IR and Raman characterization for the tin(ii) chloride dihydrate/choline chloride eutectic mixture is reported. The redox properties of this solvent were also studied by cyclic voltammetry finding that it can be successfully used as an electrochemical solvent for electrosynthesis and electroanalytical processes and does not require negative potentials as verified by the reduction of nitrobenzene. The potential use of this eutectic mixture as a redox solvent was further explored in obtaining aromatic amines and N-arylacetamides starting from a wide variety of nitroaromatic compounds. In addition, a fast synthetic strategy for the construction of a series of indolo(pyrrolo)[1,2-a]quinoxalines was developed by reacting 1-(2-nitrophenyl)-1H-indole(pyrrole) with aldehydes. This simple protocol offers a straightforward method for the construction of the target quinoxalines in short reaction times and high yields where the key step involves a tandem one-pot reductive cyclization-oxidation.
- Bejarano, Oscar Rodríguez,Ochoa-Puentes, Cristian,Pe?a-Solórzano, Diana,Trujillo, Sergio Alfonso
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p. 40552 - 40561
(2020/11/18)
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- Synthesis and Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Molecular Docking Analysis of Some Novel Quinoline Derivatives
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2-Chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde and 2-chloro-8-methylquinoline-3-carbaldehyde derivatives were synthesized through Vilsmeier formulation of acetanilide and N-(o-tolyl)acetamide. Aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction was used to introduce various nucleophiles in place of chlorine under different reaction conditions. The carbaldehyde group was oxidized by permanganate method and reduced with metallic sodium in methanol and ethanol. The synthesized compounds were characterized by UV-Vis, IR, and NMR. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was screened against two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853). Most of the compounds displayed potent activity against two or more bacterial strains. Among them, compounds 6 and 15 showed maximum activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with mean inhibition zones of 9.67 ± 1.11 and 10.00 ± 0.44 mm, respectively, while ciprofloxacin showed mean inhibition zone of 8.33 ± 0.44 mm at similar concentration. On the other hand, compound 8 exhibited maximum activity against Escherichia coli with inhibition zones of about 9.00 ± 0.55 mm at 300 μg/mL and 11.33 ± 1.11 mm at 500 μg/mL. The radical scavenging activity of these compounds was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), and all of them displayed moderate antioxidant activity, with compound 7 exhibiting the strongest activity. The molecular docking study of the synthesized compounds was conducted to investigate their binding pattern with DNA gyrase, all of them were found to have minimum binding energy ranging from -6.0 to -7.33 kcal/mol, and the best result was achieved with compound 11. The findings of the in vitro antibacterial and molecular docking analysis demonstrated that the synthesized compounds have potential of antibacterial activity and can be further optimized to serve as lead compounds.
- Belay, Zerihun,Eswaramoorthy, Rajalakshmanan,Melaku, Yadessa,Zeleke, Digafie
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- The immobilized copper species on nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4@Cu): a magnetically reusable nanocatalyst for one-pot and quick reductive acetylation of nitroarenes to N-arylacetamides
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In this study, a green protocol for synthesis of N-arylacetamides was introduced. Magnetically, nanoparticles of the immobilized copper species on nickel ferrite, NiFe2O4@Cu, were synthesized and then characterized using SEM, EDX, XRD, VSM, ICP-OES, BET and XPS analyses. The XPS analysis approved that the immobilized copper species on NiFe2O4 only contain Cu(0) and its oxide form as CuO. The prepared nanocomposite system represented a perfect catalytic activity toward one-pot and quick reductive acetylation of various nitroarenes to the corresponding N-arylacetamides. All reactions were carried out in a mixture of H2O–EtOH (1.5–0.5) within 2–10?min using the combination system of NaBH4 and Ac2O in a one-pot approach and via a two-step procedure. The utilized Cu nanocomposite was magnetically separated from the reaction mixture and reused for 5 consecutive cycles without the significant loss of its catalytic activity.
- Zeynizadeh, Behzad,Shokri, Zahra,Mohammadzadeh, Iman
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p. 859 - 870
(2019/12/24)
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- Synthesis process of 2-amino-5-chloro-3-methylbenzoic acid intermediate 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(2-methylphenyl)acetamide
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The invention discloses a novel process for synthesizing a 2-amino-5-chloro-3-methylbenzoic acid intermediate, namely 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(2-methylphenyl)acetamide. According to the process, o-aminotoluene is used as a main starting raw material, and synthesis of 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(2-methylphenyl)acetamide is realized through two steps including amino acetylation and oximation. Compared with the prior art, the process of the invention has the advantages that product yield reaches 97% or above, the generation of waste salt sodium chloride and sodium sulfate is reduced by three times or above, intermediate raw materials are low in price, process is simple, cost is reduced, and environmental and economic benefits are improved.
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Paragraph 0025; 0029-0031; 0035-0037; 0039-0041; 0043-0045
(2020/10/14)
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- Diversity Oriented Clicking (DOC): Divergent Synthesis of SuFExable Pharmacophores from 2-Substituted-Alkynyl-1-Sulfonyl Fluoride (SASF) Hubs
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Diversity Oriented Clicking (DOC) is a unified click-approach for the modular synthesis of lead-like structures through application of the wide family of click transformations. DOC evolved from the concept of achieving “diversity with ease”, by combining classic C?C π-bond click chemistry with recent developments in connective SuFEx-technologies. We showcase 2-Substituted-Alkynyl-1-Sulfonyl Fluorides (SASFs) as a new class of connective hub in concert with a diverse selection of click-cycloaddition processes. Through the selective DOC of SASFs with a range of dipoles and cyclic dienes, we report a diverse click-library of 173 unique functional molecules in minimal synthetic steps. The SuFExable library comprises 10 discrete heterocyclic core structures derived from 1,3- and 1,5-dipoles; while reaction with cyclic dienes yields several three-dimensional bicyclic Diels–Alder adducts. Growing the library to 278 discrete compounds through late-stage modification was made possible through SuFEx click derivatization of the pendant sulfonyl fluoride group in 96 well-plates—demonstrating the versatility of the DOC approach for the rapid synthesis of diverse functional structures. Screening for function against MRSA (USA300) revealed several lead hits with improved activity over methicillin.
- Barrow, Andrew S.,Cheng, Yunfei,Gialelis, Timothy L.,Giel, Marie-Claire,Kitamura, Seiya,Li, Gencheng,Moses, John E.,Ottonello, Alessandra,Sharpless, K. Barry,Smedley, Christopher J.,Wolan, Dennis W.
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supporting information
p. 12460 - 12469
(2020/06/10)
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- Cobalt-catalysed C–H methylation for late-stage drug diversification
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The magic methyl effect is well acknowledged in medicinal chemistry, but despite its significance, accessing such analogues via derivatization at a late stage remains a pivotal challenge. In an effort to mitigate this major limitation, we here present a strategy for the cobalt-catalysed late-stage C–H methylation of structurally complex drug molecules. Enabling broad applicability, the transformation relies on a boron-based methyl source and takes advantage of inherently present functional groups to guide the C–H activation. The relative reactivity observed for distinct classes of functionalities were determined and the sensitivity of the transformation towards a panel of common functional motifs was tested under various reaction conditions. Without the need for prefunctionalization or postdeprotection, a diverse array of marketed drug molecules and natural products could be methylated in a predictable manner. Subsequent physicochemical and biological testing confirmed the magnitude with which this seemingly minor structural change can affect important drug properties. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Ackermann, Lutz,Friis, Stig D.,Johansson, Magnus J.
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p. 511 - 519
(2020/06/05)
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- Rhodium-Catalyzed Addition of Organozinc Iodides to Carbon-11 Isocyanates
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Amides were prepared using rhodium-catalyzed coupling of organozinc iodides and carbon-11 (11C, t1/2 = 20.4 min) isocyanates. Nonradioactive isocyanates and sp3 or sp2 organozinc iodides generated amides in yields of 13%-87%. Incorporation of cyclotron-produced [11C]CO2 into 11C-amide products proceeded in yields of 5%-99%. The synthetic utility of the methodology was demonstrated through the isolation of [11C]N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methoxybenzamide ([11C]6g) with a molar activity of 267 GBq μmol-1 and 12% radiochemical yield in 21 min from the beginning of synthesis.
- Fouad, Moustafa H.,Ismailani, Uzair S.,Mair, Braeden A.,Munch, Maxime,Rotstein, Benjamin H.
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supporting information
p. 2746 - 2750
(2020/04/16)
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- Phenysilane and Silicon Tetraacetate: Versatile Promotors for Amide Synthesis
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Phenylsilane was reevaluated as a useful coupling reagent for amide synthesis. At room temperature, a wide range of amides and peptides were obtained in good to excellent yields (up to 99 %). For the first time, Weinreb amides synthesis mediated by a hydrosilane were also documented. Comparative experiments with various acetoxysilanes suggested the involvement of a phenyl-triacyloxysilane. From this mechanistic study, silicon tetraacetate was shown as an efficient amine acylating agent.
- Morisset, Eléonore,Chardon, Aurélien,Rouden, Jacques,Blanchet, Jér?me
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supporting information
p. 388 - 392
(2020/01/24)
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- Visible Light-Induced Amide Bond Formation
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A metal-, base-, and additive-free amide bond formation reaction was developed under an organic photoredox catalyst. This green approach showed excellent functional selectivity without affecting other functional groups such as alcohols, phenols, ethers, esters, halogens, or heterocycles. This method featured a broad substrate scope, good compatibility with water and air, and high yields (≤95%). The potential utilities were demonstrated by the synthesis of important drug molecules such as paracetamol, melatonin, moclobemide, and acetazolamide.
- Song, Wangze,Dong, Kun,Li, Ming
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supporting information
p. 371 - 375
(2019/11/29)
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- Method for preparing amide by visible light-induced metal-free participation (by machine translation)
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The method for preparing the amide in the, preparation method of the novel amide disclosed by the invention has the advantages that, the reaction: conditions are mild, the 9 - reaction conditions are mild, and the yield 71%. of the reaction conditions is not lower than the reaction conditions . (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0051-0054
(2020/02/14)
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- Visible-light-induced Beckmann rearrangement by organic photoredox catalysis
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A facile and general strategy for efficient direct conversion of oximes to amides using an inexpensive organic photocatalyst and visible light is described. This radical Beckmann rearrangement can be performed under mild conditions. Various alkyl aryl ketoximes and diaryl ketoximes can be effectively converted into the corresponding amides in excellent yields.
- Tang, Li,Wang, Zhi-Lv,Wan, Hai-Lan,He, Yan-Hong,Guan, Zhi
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supporting information
p. 6182 - 6186
(2020/09/01)
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- An Electrochemical Beckmann Rearrangement: Traditional Reaction via Modern Radical Mechanism
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Abstract: Electrosynthesis as a potential means of introducing heteroatoms into the carbon framework is rarely studied. Herein, the electrochemical Beckmann rearrangement, i. e. the direct electrolysis of ketoximes to amides, is presented for the first time. Using a constant current as the driving force, the reaction can be easily carried out under neutral conditions at room temperature. Based on a series of mechanistic studies, a novel radical Beckmann rearrangement mechanism is proposed. This electrochemical Beckmann rearrangement does not follow the trans-migration rule of the classical Beckmann rearrangement.
- Tang, Li,Wang, Zhi-Lv,He, Yan-Hong,Guan, Zhi
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p. 4929 - 4936
(2020/08/21)
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- The immobilized Cu nanoparticles on magnetic montmorillonite (MMT?Fe3O4?Cu): As an efficient and reusable nanocatalyst for reduction and reductive-acetylation of nitroarenes with NaBH4
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In this study, the immobilization of copper nanoparticles on superparamagnetic montmorillonite, MMT?Fe3O4?Cu, was studied. Magnetically nanoparticles (MNPs) of iron oxide (Fe3O4) were primarily prepared by a chemical co-precipitation method. Next, the prepared Fe3O4 MNPs were intercalated within the interlamellar spaces and external surface of sodium-exchanged montmorillonite. Finally, Cu NPs were immobilized on magnetic montmorillonite by a simply mixing of an aqueous solution of CuCl2·2H2O with MMT?Fe3O4 followed by the reduction with NaBH4. Characterization of MMT?Fe3O4 clay system represented that through the immobilization of Fe3O4 MNPs, disordered-layers structure of MMT was easily reorganized to an ordered-layers arrangement. The synthesized composite systems were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, EDX, XRD, VSM, BET and ICP-OES analyses. SEM analysis exhibited that dispersion of Cu NPs, with the size distribution of 15–25 nm, on the surface of magnetic clay was taken place perfectly. BET surface analysis indicated that after the immobilization of Fe3O4 and Cu species, the surface area and total pore volume of MMT?Fe3O4?Cu system was decreased. Next, the Cu-clay nanocomposite system showed a perfect catalytic activity towards reduction of nitroarenes to anilines as well as reductive-acetylation of nitroarenes to acetanilides using NaBH4 and Ac2O in water as a green and economic solvent. The copper magnetic clay catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by an external magnetic field and reused for six consecutive cycles without the significant loss of its catalytic activity.
- Zeynizadeh, Behzad,Rahmani, Soleiman,Tizhoush, Hengameh
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- Synthesis of diverse libraries of carboxamides via chemoselective N-acylation of amines by carboxylic acids employing Br?nsted acidic IL [BMIM(SO3H)][OTf]
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Chemoselective N-acylation of amines with carboxylic acids as acyl electrophiles and Br?nsted acidic IL [BMIM(SO3H)][OTf] as promoter is reported under both thermal and microwave irradiation to produce libraries of carboxamides in good to excellent yields after a simple workup. The protocol is compatible with structurally diverse 1° and 2° amines and works in the presence of sensitive functional groups such as thiols and phenols. The potential for recycling and reuse of the IL is also demonstrated.
- Savanur, Hemantkumar M.,Malunavar, Shruti S.,Prabhala, Pavankumar,Sutar, Suraj M.,Kalkhambkar, Rajesh G.,Laali, Kenneth K.
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supporting information
(2019/09/30)
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- Acylation of Phenols, Alcohols, Thiols, Amines and Aldehydes Using Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Hyper-Cross-Linked Poly(2-naphthol) as a Solid Acid Catalyst
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Abstract: The hyper-cross-linked porous poly(2-naphthol) fabricated by the Friedel–Crafts alkylation of 2-naphthol has been functionalized with sulfonic acid to obtain a solid acid catalyst. The catalyst is applied for the protection of phenol, alcohols, thiols, amines and aldehydes with acetic anhydride at room temperature. The catalytic protection using the new solid acid is featured by achieving high yield at neat condition, needing no aqueous work-up and/or chromatographic separation, and showing excellent recycling efficiency, suggesting the potential of this sulfonated porous polymers as a new protection protocol in a wide range of sustainable chemical reactions. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Kalla, Reddi Mohan Naidu,Reddy, Sirigireddy Sudharsan,Kim, Il
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p. 2696 - 2705
(2019/05/28)
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- 4-Imidazol-1-yl-butane-1-sulfonic acid ionic liquid: Synthesis, structural analysis, physical properties and catalytic application as dual solvent-catalyst
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4-Imidazol-1-yl-butane-1-sulfonic acid (ImBu-SO3H) has been successfully synthetized and fully characterized by FT-IR and high-resolution NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C). The “plausible” alternative structures of ImBu-SO3H were discussed on the basis of its NMR data. The ionic liquid showed interesting dual solvent-catalyst property, which was studied experimentally for the acetylation of a variety of functionalized alcohols, phenols, thiols, amines and α-tocopherol (α-CTP) as the most active form of vitamin E with acetic anhydride and which provided good yields within a short reaction time. ImBu-SO3H was successfully recycled by product extraction with an average recovered yield of 82% for 5 subsequent runs. The catalytic activity of the recycled ImBu-SO3H showed almost no loss even after five consecutive runs.
- Khaligh, Nader Ghaffari,Mihankhah, Taraneh,Johan, Mohd Rafie,Juan, Joon Ching
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p. 866 - 878
(2019/07/12)
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- Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Directed C-H Dienylation of Anilides with Allenes Leads to Highly Conjugated Systems
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Allenes are unique coupling partners in transition-metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization leading to a variety of products via alkenylation, allenylation, allylation, and annulation reactions. The outcome is governed by both the reactivity of the allene and the formation and stability of the organometallic intermediate. An efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed, weakly coordinating group-directed dienylation of electronically unbiased allenes is developed using an N-acyl amino acid as a ligand. Further elaboration of the dienylated products to construct polycyclic compounds is also described.
- Ghosh, Chiranjit,Nagtilak, Prajyot Jayadev,Kapur, Manmohan
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supporting information
(2019/05/08)
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- Antimicrobial activity of quinoline-based hydroxyimidazolium hybrids
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Eight quinoline-based hydroxyimidazolium hybrids 7a-h were prepared and evaluated in vitro against a panel of clinically important fungal and bacterial pathogens, including mycobacteria. Hybrid compounds 7c-d showed remarkable antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 15.6 μg/mL. Against other opportunistic fungi such as Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp., these hybrids showed MIC values of 62.5 μg/mL. Regarding their antibacterial activity, all the synthetic hybrids demonstrated little inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria (MIC ≥50 μg/mL), however, hybrid 7b displayed >50% inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae at 20 μg/mL and full inhibition at 50 μg/mL. Moreover, this hybrid was shown to be a potent anti-staphylococcal molecule, with a MIC value of 2 μg/mL (5 μM). In addition, hybrid 7h also demonstrated inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus at 20 μg/mL (47 μM). Hybrids 7a and 7b were the most potent against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC values of 20 and 10 μg/mL (46 and 24 μM), respectively. The 7b hybrid demonstrated high selectivity in killing S. aureus and M. tuberculosis H37Rv in comparison with mammalian cells (SI >20), and thus it can be considered a hit molecule for mechanism of action studies and the exploration of related chemical space.
- Abonia, Rodrigo,Bernal, Anthony,Guzman, Juan,Insuasty, Braulio,Insuasty, Daniel,Marquez, Edgar,Puerto, Gloria,Quiroga, Jairo,Svetaz, Laura,Vidal, Oscar,Zacchino, Susana
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- Synthesis of Arylamides via Ritter-Type Cleavage of Solid-Supported Aryltriazenes
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A novel route for the synthesis of N-arylamides via the cleavage of aryltriazenes with alkyl or aryl nitriles is presented. We developed a variation of the Ritter reaction that allows the use of acetonitrile as solvent and reagent in reactions with solid-supported precursors. The reaction was optimized for the generation of N-aryl acetamides using a diverse range of immobilized building blocks including o-, m-, and p-substituted aryltriazenes. The cleavage via the Ritter-type conversion was combined with an on-bead cross-coupling reaction of halogen-substituted aryltriazenes with pyrazoles. Additionally, the synthesis of on-bead generated arylboronic ester-substituted triazenes was shown. The developed procedure was further expanded to use other commercially available nitriles, such as acrylonitrile, benzonitrile, and chlorinated alkyl nitriles as suitable reagents for a Ritter-type cleavage of the prepared triazene linkers.
- Wippert, Nicolai A.,Jung, Nicole,Br?se, Stefan
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supporting information
p. 568 - 572
(2019/09/03)
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- Visible Light-Promoted Beckmann Rearrangements: Separating Sequential Photochemical and Thermal Phenomena in a Continuous Flow Reactor
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The Beckmann rearrangement of oximes to amides typically requires strong acids or highly reactive, hazardous electrophiles and/or elevated temperatures to proceed. A very attractive alternative is the in situ generation of Vilsmeier–Haack reagents, by means of photoredox catalysis, as promoters for the thermal Beckmann rearrangement. Investigation of the reaction parameters for this light-induced method using a one-pot strategy has shown that the reaction is limited by the different temperatures required for each of the two sequential steps. Using a continuous flow reactor, the photochemical and thermal processes have been separated by integrating a flow photoreactor unit at low temperature for the electrophile generation with a second reactor unit, at high temperature, where the rearrangement takes place. This strategy has enabled excellent conversions and yields for a diverse set of oximes, minimizing the formation of side products obtained with the original one-pot method.
- Chen, Yuesu,Cantillo, David,Kappe, C. Oliver
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supporting information
p. 2163 - 2171
(2019/03/14)
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- Amide Synthesis from Thiocarboxylic Acids and Amines by Spontaneous Reaction and Electrosynthesis
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Amide bond formation is one of the most important basic reactions in chemistry. A catalyst-free approach for constructing amide bonds from thiocarboxylic acids and amines was developed. The mechanistic studies showed that the disulfide was the key intermediate for this amide synthesis. Thiobenzoic acids could be automatically oxidized to disulfides in air, thioaliphatic acids could be electro-oxidized to disulfides, and the resulting disulfides reacted with amines to give the corresponding amides. By this method, various amides could be easily synthesized in excellent yields without using any catalyst or activator. The successful synthesis of bioactive compounds also highlights the synthetic utility of this strategy in medicinal chemistry.
- Tang, Li,Matuska, Jack H.,Huang, Yu-Han,He, Yan-Hong,Guan, Zhi
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p. 2570 - 2575
(2019/06/13)
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- The immobilized Ni(II)-thiourea complex on silica-layered copper ferrite: A novel and reusable nanocatalyst for one-pot reductive-acetylation of nitroarenes
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In this study, magnetically nanoparticles of CuFe2O4@SiO2@PTMS@Tu@Ni(II) as novel and reusable catalyst were prepared. Synthesis of the Ni (II)-nanocatalyst was carried out through the complexation of Ni(OAc)2·4H2O with the immobilized thiourea on silica-layered CuFe2O4. The prepared nanocomposite system was then characterized using SEM, EDX, XRD, VSM, ICP-OES, Raman, UV–Vis and FT-IR analyses. Catalytic activity of the Ni(II)-CuFe2O4 system was investigated towards rapid reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to arylamines with sodium borohydride as well as one-pot reductive-acetylation of nitroarenes to acetanilides with NaBH4/Ac2O system without the isolation of intermediate arylamines. All reactions were carried out in H2O within 3–7?min to afford the products arylamines/acetanilides in high to excellent yields. Reusability of the Ni(II)-nanocatalyst was examined for seven consecutive cycles without the significant loss of the catalytic activity.
- Zeynizadeh, Behzad,Shokri, Zahra,Hasanpour Galehban, Morteza
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- METHOD FOR PRODUCING AMIDE COMPOUND
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel method for producing an amide compound which does not require severe reacting conditions without directly using hydroxylamine and its derivative. SOLUTION: There is provided a method for producing an amide compound which comprises: a step of transferring a ketone compound and an oxime compound to oxime in the presence of an organic solvent and an acid catalyst; and a step of subjecting the oxime to Beckmann rearrangement. The acid catalyst preferably is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, tosyl acid monohydrate, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, bistrifluoromethane sulfonimide, a boron trifluoride-diethyl ether complex, scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate (III), iron trifluoromethanesulfonate (III), copper trifluoromethanesulfonate (II), bismuth(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate, titanium tetrachloride or iron trichloride. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2018,JPOandINPIT
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Paragraph 0029; 0031
(2018/09/30)
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- Direct and Catalytic Amide Synthesis from Ketones via Transoximation and Beckmann Rearrangement under Mild Conditions
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The Br?nsted acid-catalyzed synthesis of secondary amides from ketones under mild conditions is described via transoximation and Beckmann rearrangement using O-protected oximes as more stable equivalents of explosive O-protected hydroxylamines. This methodology could be applied to highly rearrangement-selective amide synthesis from α-branched alkyl aryl ketones and performed on a 1-g scale. The presence of water is essential for this reaction, and its role was clarified by isotope-labeling experiments.
- Hyodo, Kengo,Hasegawa, Genna,Oishi, Naoki,Kuroda, Kazuma,Uchida, Kingo
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p. 13080 - 13087
(2018/11/02)
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- Selective cleavage of the N-propargyl group from sulfonamides and amides under ruthenium catalysis
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The selective cleavage of the N-propargyl group from sulfonamides and amides under ruthenium catalysis is described. The reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups, and the desired products were obtained in 10–95% yield.
- Wang, Jingjing,Li, Feng,Pei, Wenlong,Yang, Mixue,Wu, Yidan,Ma, Danyang,Zhang, Furong,Wang, Jianhui
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supporting information
p. 1902 - 1905
(2018/04/19)
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- Synthesis of CF3CH2-Containing Indolines by Transition-Metal-Free Aryltrifluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkenes
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With an unactivated double bond as the radical acceptor, allyl amines underwent a metal-free trifluoromethylation/cyclization cascade with CF3SO2Na (Langlois' reagent), affording CF3CH2-containing indolines and tetrahydroisoquinolines, whose practical syntheses are significant challenges. This protocol features mild conditions, low cost, and a broad substrate scope.
- Liang, Deqiang,Dong, Qishan,Xu, Penghui,Dong, Ying,Li, Weili,Ma, Yinhai
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p. 11978 - 11986
(2018/09/27)
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- Synthetic method of CF3-containing indoline and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
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The invention discloses a synthetic method of CF3-containing indoline and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and relates to the technical field of compound synthesis. The synthetic method herein is basedon metal-free trifluoromethylation/cyclization free radical cascade reaction using a nonactive olefin dual-bond as a free radical receptor; the reaction aforementioned helps synthesize, in one step, CF3-containing indoline and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline. The synthetic method herein has the significant advantages of mild conditions, good operational simplicity, low cost, wide substrate range, good exo selectivity and the like.
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Paragraph 0027; 0029; 0030; 0031; 0042
(2019/01/14)
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- Preparation method of velpatasvir intermediate
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The invention provides a preparation method of a velpatasvir intermediate. According to the preparation method, ortho-toluidine is taken as an initial raw material, amino acetylation protection, Friedel-Crafts acylation, deamination protection, diazotization, and bromination are adopted so as to obtain 3-bromomethyl-4-bromoacetophenone; and alkylation with 7-hydroxy-1-tetralone, intramolecular coupling, and bromination are adopted so as to obtain 9-bromo-3-(2-bromoacetyl)-10, 11-dihydro-5H-benzo[d]naphtho[2,3-b]pyran-8(9H)-one. The yield and the purity of the velpatasvir intermediate preparedvia the preparation method are high, cost is low, and large size production is convenient to realize.
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Paragraph 0029; 0030; 0031; 0032; 0033
(2018/03/28)
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- Werner transition-metal complex (WTMC)-mediated mild and efficient chemo-selective acylation of phenols and anilines under solvent-free condition
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Werner-type transition-metal complexes (WTMC) such as [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2, Cu[(NH3)4]SO4, Mn(acac)3, Ni[(NH3)6]Cl2, Ni[(en)3]S2O3, and Hg[Co(SCN)4] efficiently promote the chemoselective acetylation of phenols and anilines under solvent-free condition. The results of this study clearly shows that the optimal condition for the acetylation of anilines/phenols (1 mmol) (2a–r) with acetic anhydride (1.2 mmol) in the presence of WTMC (1 mmol) and two drops of H3PO4 on heating for 10 min under solvent-free condition gives the corresponding acetanilides/phenyl acetate (3a–r) in good to excellent yield. Furthermore, the method is simple, efficient, chemoselective, and eco-friendly under solvent-free condition for the acetylation of anilines and phenols promoted by WTMC by using acetic anhydrate as the acetylating agent. The simple preparation of the catalyst, easy procedure of the acetylation reaction, and simple work-up indicate the importance of WTMC for such reactions.
- Sarief, Abdulla,Haque, SK Manirul,Feroze, Syed Mudabbir,Arifuddin, Mohammed
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p. 1104 - 1109
(2018/09/27)
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