- Unusual rate enhancement of bimolecular dehydrocondensation to form amides at the interface of micelles of fatty acid salts
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Speeding up: A micelle-water interface acts as a suitable reaction field for dehydrocondensation. The coupling reaction of fatty acid salts with a triazine-type amphiphilic dehydrocondensing agent in a micellar system (see picture) underwent up to 2000-fold acceleration. The rate enhancement can be attributed to the higher local concentration and preorientation of the reactants in the micelles.
- Kunishima, Munetaka,Imada, Hiroko,Kikuchi, Kanako,Hioki, Kazuhito,Nishida, Jin,Tani, Shohei
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- Degradable Gemini quaternary ammonium salt containing functional group and preparation method of degradable Gemini quaternary ammonium salt
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The invention provides a degradable Gemini quaternary ammonium salt containing a functional group. The structural formula of the degradable Gemini quaternary ammonium salt is shown in the description, wherein R is long-chain alkyl of C8-C16; X is Cl or Br; and Y is the quaternary ammonium salt synthesized in the preparation method. The reaction conditions are mild in the esterification or amide condensation process, the yield does not need to be increased by excessively adding one substrate, and a high-purity product can be prepared only by washing and concentrating in the purification process. Due to introduction of easily degradable ester bonds or amide bonds, the quaternary ammonium salt can be easily degraded after being discharged into natural water after being used, degraded substances do not have antibacterial performance, generation of drug-resistant bacteria is not facilitated, and the quaternary ammonium salt is an environment-friendly novel quaternary ammonium salt.
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Paragraph 0031; 0033; 0035; 0037; 0047; 0049
(2021/04/10)
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- Method of inducing a phase transition of a bilayer membrane vesicle
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Provided is a bilayer membrane vesicle capable of undergoing a phase transition. The bilayer membrane vesicle includes: (a) a fatty acid salt having 6 to 20 carbon atoms; (b) an alcohol or an amine compound having an aliphatic chain of 6 to 20 carbon atoms; and (c) an artificial synthetic lipid or a phospholipid capable of forming a bilayer membrane. Preferably, this bilayer membrane vesicle further contains (d) a tertiary amine as a component of the membrane. Also provided is a method of inducing a phase transition of a bilayer membrane vesicle, the method including the step of adding a dehydrating condensing agent or a dehydrating condensing agent precursor having the property of accumulating at an interface to the bilayer membrane vesicle. By causing the lipids that form a molecular aggregate to chemically change, it is possible to change the physical property and the morphology of the molecular aggregate and control the timing of phase transitions such as membrane fusion. In the membrane fusion, for example, fusion can occur without leakage of the contents of the bilayer membrane vesicle.
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Page/Page column 16; 17
(2018/11/10)
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- Degradable gemini quaternary ammonium salt bactericide and preparation method thereof
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The invention discloses a degradable gemini quaternary ammonium salt bactericide and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises steps as follows: Step one, N,N-dimethyl glycine, long-chain fatty alcohol (carbon atom numbers are 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18) and benzyl alcohol have an esterification reaction in the presence of a coupling reagent to produce corresponding N,N-dimethyl glycine ester; Step two, the obtained N,N-dimethyl glycine ester and hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide or hydrogen iodide react to produce corresponding salt; Step three, products obtained in previous two steps and epichlorohydrin are subjected to quaternization, and degradable gemini quaternary ammonium salt is obtained. The gemini quaternary ammonium salt is more beneficial to adsorption of bacterium surfaces by bactericide molecules due to the electrostatic interaction of two quaternary nitrogen ions contained in molecules and the induction of carbonyl groups in ester groups, so that bacteria are broken through change of permeability of cell walls; hydrophilic groups and hydrophobic groups extend into lipoid layers and protein layers of bacterium cells more conveniently to cause protein denaturation and enzyme deactivation. The bactericide has higher bactericidal ability under the synergistic effect. The gemini quaternary ammonium salt bactericide is efficient, low in toxicity, easily degradable and environment-friendly.
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Paragraph 0012
(2016/11/17)
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- ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE
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The present disclosure provides antimicrobial compounds, compositions comprising such antimicrobial compounds, and methods of their use, in particular, antibacterial compounds and antifungal compounds. In certain aspects, the antimicrobial compounds are e
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Paragraph 0237; 0239
(2014/06/25)
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- Biodegradable absorption enhancers
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Biodegradable absorption enhancers, especially useful in pharmaceutical formulations, are compounds having the formula STR1 wherein R is hydrogen, C1 -C7 alkyl, benzyl or 4-hydroxybenzyl; n is a whole number from 4 to 18 inclusive; R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen and C1 -C7 alkyl, or R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached are combined to form a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl radical having a total of 5 to 7 ring atoms, optionally including a hetero ring atom selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen in addition to the indicated nitrogen atom, the substituents when present being one to three C1 -C7 alkyl radicals, which may be the same or different; and R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl and ethyl.
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