- Chemistry of phosphorus ylides: Part 45 synthesis of phosphoranylidene, thietane, azetidine and thiazinane derivatives as potent chemo preventative agents
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Reactions of nucleophilic active phosphacumulenes with iso(thio)cyanate compounds were performed. The reaction products depend on the nature of the reagent, substrate and the condition of the reaction used. New heterocyclic 4-membered or 6-membered sulfur
- Hashem, Ahmed I.,El-Hussieny, Marwa,Abd-El-Maksoud, Mansoura A.,Maigali, Soher S.,Mansour, Shaimaa T.,Soliman, Fouad M.
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- Synthesis and characterization of the novel pyrimidine’s derivatives, as a promising tool for antimicrobial agent and in-vitro cytotoxicity
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Herein, the biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, and?in-vitro cytotoxicity for some novel substituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinone, benzylidene dihydropyrimidine, pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine, hexahydropyrimido[4, 5-d]pyrimidinone, tetrahydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile, and pyrido[2, 3-d:6,5-d'] dipyrimidinone derivatives were investigated. The synthesized novel compounds were achieved through the incorporation of the active moieties such as halo compound, pyrazolo, pyrano, pyrimido, pyrido-derivatives with active methylene group in thiobarbituric acid derivatives at C-5. Structures of all synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral techniques including IR, 1H-NMR, MS, and 13C-NMR. All synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity, while the most promising compounds were selected to investigate their in-vitro cytotoxic efficacy against normal Vero cells and cancerous Caco-2 cells. Data showed that the biological activities were concentration-dependent. All novel pyrimidine derivatives exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with a varied zone of inhibition ranging between 11.3 ± 0.6 and 25.3 ± 0.6?mm. The MIC values are different according to a pathogenic organism (ranging between 3.91 and 500?μg?mL?1), whereas the MBC/MFC were 2 × to 4 × MIC value. Data of in-vitro cytotoxicity confirm the efficiency of selected novel pyrimidine derivatives to target Caco-2 cancerous cells at low concentrations more Vero normal cells. Four selected compounds 4, 7b, 10, and 12 displayed IC50 values of 286.73 ± 4.54, 138.07 ± 8.21, 332.48 ± 18.75, and 241.18 ± 15.60?μg?mL?1, respectively, for normal Vero cell line, whereas it was 271.55 ± 3.68, 65.94 ± 2.36, 121.16 ± 4.96, and 82.28 ± 4.08?μg?mL?1, respectively, for Caco-2 cancerous cell line.
- Abd-Elaziz, Arwa M.,Aly, Hala M.,Fouad, Sawsan A.,Fouda, Amr,Ismail, Abla A.,Saleh, Nashwa M.
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- Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP)-mediated synthesis of symmetrical N,N′-disubstituted urea/thiourea motifs from isothiocyanates in water
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ABATRACT: A direct approach to N,N′-disubstituted urea/thiourea from the self-condensation reactions of isothiocyanates in water has been developed. This access tolerated a wide range of functional groups on the aromatic ring, providing a practical and environment-friendly process to N,N′-disubstituted urea/thiourea in moderate to excellent yields from safe and easily available starting materials. A plausible mechanism of the desulfurization self-condensation reaction for urea was also proposed and the role of di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) and copper catalyst in the present strategy was demonstrated with the help of ESI mass spectrometry of intermediate studies.
- Chen, Ling,Dong, Yibo,Wu, Yangjie,Yang, Jinchen,Zhang, Jinli
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supporting information
(2021/12/01)
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- Unclicking of thioureas: Base catalyzed elimination of anilines and isothiocyanates from thioureas
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Bisaromatic thioureas are widely used in e.g. asymmetric organocatalysis and considered to be robust compounds. Herein we show, in strong contrast to common notion, that thioureas dissociate to amines and isothiocyanates in a base catalyzed reaction under mild conditions. This ‘unclicking’ process can occur in the presence of weak organic bases even at moderate temperatures. The influence of the substituents at the aromatic rings of the thiourea on the regioselectivity of this unclicking process is also shown.
- Vlatkovi?, Matea,Feringa, Ben L.
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p. 2188 - 2192
(2019/03/05)
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- A facile method for the preparation of carbodiimides from thioureas and (Boc)2O
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A concise method for the preparation of carbodiimides from thioureas using di-tert-butyl dicarbonate [(Boc)2O] as the dehydrosulfurizative reagent has been developed. Using DMAP as the catalyst, a variety of symmetric and asymmetric 1,3-diaryl thioureas were converted into the corresponding carbodiimides efficiently in a short time.
- Wu, He,Sun, Yan-Fang,Zhang, Chen,Miao, Chun-Bao,Yang, Hai-Tao
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supporting information
p. 739 - 742
(2018/01/27)
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- Palladium catalyzed carbonylative annulation of the C(sp2)-H bond of N,1-diaryl-1H-tetrazol-5-amines and N,4-diaryl-4H-triazol-3-amines to quinazolinones
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Pd(ii) catalyzed direct C-H carbonylative annulation of N,1-diaryl-1H-tetrazol-5-amines and N,4-diaryl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amines gave the corresponding triazole and tetrazole fused quinazolinones in good yields. This methodology offers a convenient method for the synthesis of these important heterocyclic scaffolds in a highly atom economical process. On the mechanistic aspect weakly nucleophilic triazole and tetrazole moieties function as both directing as well as intramolecular nucleophiles. The catalytically active C-H activated intermediate dimeric Pd complex was isolated and characterized which on exposure to CO gas gave the corresponding tetrazole fused quinazolinone derivative. On the basis of isolation of the intermediate and observed kinetic isotope effects, a mechanism has been proposed for the C-H activated direct carbonylative annulation reaction.
- Chandrasekhar, Attoor,Ramkumar, Venkatachalam,Sankararaman, Sethuraman
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supporting information
p. 8629 - 8638
(2018/12/12)
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- Nickle Catalysis Enables Access to Thiazolidines from Thioureas via Oxidative Double Isocyanide Insertion Reactions
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An efficient synthesis of thiazolidine-2,4,5-triimine derivatives was developed via Ni-catalyzed oxidative double isocyanide insertion to thioureas under air conditions, in which thioureas play three roles as a substrate, a ligand, and overcoming isocyanide polymerization. The reaction is featured by employing a low-cost and low loading Ni(acac)2 catalyst, without any additives, and high atom economy. This is the first example to directly apply a Ni(II) catalyst in oxidative double isocyanide insertion reactions.
- Yuan, Wen-Kui,Liu, Yan Fang,Lan, Zhenggang,Wen, Li-Rong,Li, Ming
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supporting information
p. 7158 - 7162
(2018/11/25)
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- Novel non-peptidic small molecule inhibitors of secreted aspartic protease 2 (SAP2) for the treatment of resistant fungal infections
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Targeting secreted aspartic protease 2 (SAP2), a kind of virulence factor, represents a new strategy for antifungal drug discovery. In this report, the first-generation of small molecule SAP2 inhibitors was rationally designed and optimized using a structure-based approach. In particular, inhibitor 23h was highly potent and selective and showed good antifungal potency for the treatment of resistant Candida albicans infections.
- Dong, Guoqiang,Liu, Yang,Wu, Ying,Tu, Jie,Chen, Shuqiang,Liu, Na,Sheng, Chunquan
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supporting information
p. 13535 - 13538
(2019/01/05)
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- CERAMIDE GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE
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Described herein are compounds, methods of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments containing such compounds, and methods of using such compounds to treat or prevent diseases or disorders associated with the enzyme ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT), such as, for example, lysosomal storage diseases. Examples of lysosomal storage diseases include, for example, Krabbe disease and Metachromatic Leukodystrophy.
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Paragraph 0001043; 0001044
(2018/01/17)
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- Rapid and highly efficient synthesis of thioureas in biocompatible basic choline hydroxide
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A straightforward and convenient synthesis of symmetrical thiourea derivatives by the reaction of primary amines and carbon disulfide in biocompatible basic choline hydroxide is presented. A variety of biologically important thiourea derivatives can be obtained in good to excellent yields without a tedious work-up under mild reaction conditions. A series of primary aliphatic and aromatic amines with different substituted functional groups have been converted to thiourea derivatives under milder reaction conditions and short reaction times.
- Azizi, Najmedin,Farhadi, Elham
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p. 548 - 554
(2017/09/27)
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- Novel self-condensation of ammonium dithiocarbamates leading to symmetrical substituted thioureas
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For the first time, the formation of symmetrical substituted thiourea analogues generated by the selfcondensation of trialkylammoniumdithiocarbamates is reported. The reactions occurred under mild conditions. The method allows the use of amines possessing a weak nucleophilic feature in good yields. The highlight of the study is a novel self-condensation mechanism based on dithiocarbamates as a basic compound in organic chemistry.
- üng?ren, ?evket Hakan,S?r?a, Fatih
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supporting information
p. 28 - 33
(2016/12/24)
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- An Environment-friendly Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted-2-iminothiazoline-4-ones
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A series of 2,3-substituted-2-iminothiazoline-4-ones derivatives have been synthesized via an improved method including an auto-catalyzed reaction. This method avoided using any extra catalyst except for the reaction material. This method has been successful in both the aromatic substituted 2-iminothiazolines and the alkyl substituted 2-iminothiazolines. The special product with a hydroxyl group on the 2-iminogroup of 1,3-thiazoline-4-ones has also been obtained unexpectedly. The possible mechanism has been proposed for the special process of dealkylation and hydroxylation. This method offered a special way to afford the 2-hydroxyimino-substituted thiazoline-4-one derivatives in an efficient and eco-friendly way. The mechanism of the transformation under acid condition has also been proposed.
- Meng, Ge,Zheng, Meilin,Dong, Mengshu,Wang, Mei,Zheng, Aqun,Guo, Zengjun
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p. 588 - 594
(2016/04/19)
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- Formation of 1,4,2-Dithiazolidines or 1,3-Thiazetidines from 1,1-Dichloro-2-nitroethene and Phenylthiourea Derivatives
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A method for preparation of 1,4,2-dithiazolidine or 1,3-thiazetidine heterocycles was developed by reactions of phenylthioureas with 1,1-dichloro-2-nitroethene. The solvent has a significant influence on the type of product formation. 1,4,2-Dithiazolidines were formed in the aprotic solvent chloroform, while in the protic solvent ethanol, 1,3-thiazetidines were the main products.
- Feng, Yian,Zou, Minming,Song, Runjiang,Shao, Xusheng,Li, Zhong,Qian, Xuhong
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p. 10321 - 10327
(2016/11/17)
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- Transamidation of primary carboxamides, phthalimide, urea and thiourea with amines using Fe(OH)3@Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient recyclable catalyst
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The highly efficient transamidation of primary amides, phthalimide, urea and thiourea with amines catalyzed by magnetic Fe(OH)3@Fe3O4 nanoparticles is described. This magnetic nanocomposite is able to catalyze transamidation reactions of a wide range of the above-mentioned substrates with amines, generating a new amide bond in moderate to good yields. The catalyst exhibited very good recyclability and reusability up to five runs without significant loss of its catalytic activity.
- Arefi, Marzban,Heydari, Akbar
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p. 24684 - 24689
(2016/03/16)
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- Trapping Reactive Intermediates by Mechanochemistry: Elusive Aryl N-Thiocarbamoylbenzotriazoles as Bench-Stable Reagents
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Monitoring of mechanochemical thiocarbamoylation by in situ Raman spectroscopy revealed the formation of aryl N-thiocarbamoylbenzotriazoles, reactive intermediates deemed unisolable in solution. The first-time isolation and structural characterization of these elusive molecules demonstrates the ability of mechanochemistry to access otherwise unobtainable intermediates and offers a new range of masked isothiocyanate reagents.
- ?trukil, Vjekoslav,Gracin, Davor,Magdysyuk, Oxana V.,Dinnebier, Robert E.,Fri??ic, Tomislav
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supporting information
p. 8440 - 8443
(2015/11/27)
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- Pyrolysis of azetidinone derivatives: A versatile route towards electron-rich alkenes, C-1 allylation and/or homologation of aldehydes
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Pyrolysis of β-lactams and β-thiolactams led essentially to stereoselective synthesis of the high energy electron-rich Z-alkenes. Extension of this methodology to the pyrolysis of 3-allyloxy derivatives gave a simple direct route to the synthetically important 4-pentenal. These pyrolytic transformations convert aldehydes to aryloxyalkenes (a protected homologation) and 4-pentenal (a C-1 allylation and homologation). The starting 3-aryloxy and 3-allyloxy-β-lactams were synthesized by the standard Staudinger ketene-imine [2 + 2] cycloaddition. The corresponding β-thiolactams have readily been obtained in good yields by thiation of β-lactams with Lawesson's reagent. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Al-Hamdan, Nouf S.,Habib, Osama M.,Ibrahim, Yehia A.,Al-Awadi, Nouria A.,El-Dusouqui, Osman M. E.
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p. 21023 - 21031
(2014/06/09)
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- Guanidinato complexes of iridium: Ligand-donor strength, O2 reactivity, and (alkene)peroxoiridium(III) intermediates
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A series of seven [Ir{ArNC(NR2)NAr}(cod)] complexes (1a-1g; where R = Me or Et; Ar = Ph, 4-MeC6H4, 4-MeOC 6H4, 2,6-Me2C6H3, or 2,6-iPr2C6H3; and cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) were synthesized by two different methods from the neutral guanidines, ArN-C(NR2)NHAr, using either MeLi and [{Ir(cod)} 2(μ-Cl)2] or [{Ir(cod)}2(μ-OMe) 2]. Reaction of 1a-1g with CO produced the corresponding [Ir{ArNC(NR2)NAr}(CO)2] complexes (2a-2g), which were characterized by NMR and solution- and solid-state IR spectroscopy. Complexes 1b (R = Et, Ar = Ph), 1d (R = Et, Ar = 4-MeC6H4), 1f (R = Me, Ar = 2,6-Me2C6H3), and 2b (R = Et, Ar = Ph) were characterized by X-ray crystallography as mononuclear complexes with a guanidinato-κ2N,N′ ligand and a cod or two CO ligands coordinated to the Ir center in a distorted square-planar environment. On the basis of the CO stretching frequencies of 2a-2g [avg. νCO (n-pentane) = 2016-2019 cm-1] and the alkene 13C chemical shifts of 1a-1g [δ(13CC-C) = 58.7-61.0 ppm], the donor strength of the guanidinato ligands was evaluated and compared to that of related monoanionic ligands. Reaction of 1a-1g in solution with O2 at 20 C afforded (alkene)peroxoiridium(III) intermediates, [Ir{ArNC(NR 2)NAr}(cod)(O2)] (3). The steric properties of the supporting ligand play a decisive role in O2 binding in that complexes without ortho substituents react largely irreversibly with O 2 (1a-1e; where Ar = Ph, 4-MeC6H4 or 4-MeOC6H4), whereas complexes with ortho substituents exhibit fully reversible O2 binding (1f and 1g; where Ar = 2,6-Me2C6H3 or 2,6-iPr 2C6H3). Complexes 3a-3f were characterized by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy (νOO = 857-872 cm -1). Decay of the new intermediates and subsequent reaction with cod produced 4-cycloocten-1-one and the respective IrI precursor.
- Kelley, Matthew R.,Rohde, Jan-Uwe
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p. 2564 - 2580
(2013/04/10)
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- Synthesis of thioureas in ionic liquid medium
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A highly efficient procedure for the synthesis of symmetrical thioureas by means of simple condensation of primary amines and carbon disulfide in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM][Cl] as a cheap and commercially available ionic liquid is presented. This procedure works for aromatic and aliphatic primary amines and give high to excellent yields of symmetrical thioureas without need for any catalyst or tedious work-up.
- Halimehjani, Azim Ziyaei,Farahbakhsh, Fataneh
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p. 284 - 288
(2013/08/26)
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- A simple and straightforward synthesis of phenyl isothiocyanates, symmetrical and unsymmetrical thioureas under ball milling
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Promoted by KOH under ball milling, anilines were efficiently transformed into isothiocyanates (in presence of 5.0 equiv. CS2) or symmetrical thioureas (in presence of 1.0 equiv. CS2), without using any other harsh or toxic decomposition reagent. Some in situ generated isothiocyanates can directly "click" with other amines to afford unsymmetrical thioureas.
- Zhang, Ze,Wu, Hao-Hao,Tan, Ya-Jun
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p. 16940 - 16944
(2013/09/24)
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- A model for a solvent-free synthetic organic research laboratory: Click-mechanosynthesis and structural characterization of thioureas without bulk solvents
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The mechanochemical click coupling of isothiocyanates and amines has been used as a model reaction to demonstrate that the concept of a solvent-free research laboratory, which eliminates the use of bulk solvents for either chemical synthesis or structural characterization, is applicable to the synthesis of small organic molecules. Whereas the click coupling is achieved in high yields by simple manual grinding of reactants, the use of an electrical, digitally controllable laboratory mill provides a rapid, quantitative and general route to symmetrical and non-symmetrical aromatic or aromatic-aliphatic thioureas. The enhanced efficiency of electrical ball milling techniques, neat grinding or liquid-assisted grinding, over manual mortar-and-pestle synthesis is demonstrated in the synthesis of 49 different thiourea derivatives. Comparison of powder X-ray diffraction data of mechanochemical products with structural information found in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), or obtained herein through single crystal X-ray diffraction, indicates that the mechanochemically obtained thiourea derivatives are pure in a chemical sense, but can also demonstrate purity in a supramolecular sense, i.e. in all structurally explored cases the product consisted of a single polymorph. As an extension of our previous work on solvent-free synthesis of coordination polymers, it is now demonstrated that such polymorphic and chemical purity of selected thiourea derivatives, the latter being evidenced through quantitative reaction yields, can enable the direct solvent-free structural characterization of mechanochemical products through powder X-ray diffraction aided by solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
- Strukil, Vjekoslav,Igrc, Marina D.,Fabian, Laszlo,Eckert-Maksic, Mirjana,Childs, Scott L.,Reid, David G.,Duer, Melinda J.,Halasz, Ivan,Mottillo, Cristina,Friscic, Tomislav
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supporting information
p. 2462 - 2473
(2013/02/21)
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- Desulfurization strategy in the construction of azoles possessing additional nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur using a copper(I) catalyst
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A tandem and convergent approach to various N-, O-, or S-containing azoles has been developed by exploiting the thiophilic property of copper( I) iodide used in a catalytic quantity. The present protocol gives access to amino-substituted tetrazoles, triazoles, oxadiazoles and thiadiazoles via oxidative desulfurization of their respective precursors followed by inter- or intramolecular attack of suitable nucleophiles. For aminotetrazoles and triazoles an excellent regioselectivity has been achieved through proper tuning of the pKa values of the parent amines attached to unsymmetrical thioureas. The method represents an autocatalytic process in which copper( I) iodide gets converted to copper(II) sulfide which in turn transforms to active copper(II) oxide that effectively carries forward the catalytic cycle. The fate of the copper catalyst has also been studied using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDS) analyses which give an insight into the mechanism for this catalytic process.
- Guin, Srimanta,Rout, Saroj Kumar,Gogoi, Anupal,Nandi, Shyamapada,Ghara, Krishna Kanta,Patel, Bhisma K.
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p. 2757 - 2770
(2013/01/15)
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- Lewis base catalysis by thiourea: N -bromosuccinimide-mediated oxidation of alcohols
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In recent times, (thio)urea derivatives have become synonymous with hydrogen bonding owing to their extensive applicability as small molecule organocatalysts. In this paper, another activation mode by thiourea derivatives, namely via Lewis base catalysis, is disclosed for the NBS-mediated oxidation of alcohols. The mild reaction conditions employed here is suitable for chemoselective oxidation of secondary alcohol in the presence of primary alcohol.
- Tripathi, Chandra Bhushan,Mukherjee, Santanu
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experimental part
p. 1592 - 1598
(2012/03/11)
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- Thiazolidione derivatives as novel antibiofilm agents: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationships
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Rational designed novel thiazolidiones were synthesized and evaluated for antibiofilm activity. The active derivatives were not only potent inhibitors of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm growth but also efficient antibacterial agents. 3f showed 4-fold higher activity (6.25 μM) in the biofilms dispersal assay and significantly higher antibacterial activity (MIC 3.125 μM) in comparison to the 3-(5-((6- (ethoxycarbonyl)-5-(benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-oxo-7- phenyl- thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-2(5H)-ylidene)methyl)furan-2-yl)benzoic acid (1).
- Pan, Bin,Huang, Renzheng,Zheng, Likang,Chen, Chen,Han, Shiqing,Qu, Di,Zhu, Mingli,Wei, Ping
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scheme or table
p. 819 - 824
(2011/04/16)
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- Design, synthesis, and antibiofilm activity of 2-arylimino-3-aryl-thiazolidine-4-ones
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A series of novel 2-arylimino-3-aryl-thiazolidine-4-ones was designed, synthesized and tested for in vitro antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Among them tested, some compounds with carboxylic acid groups showed good antibiofilm activity. The antibiofilm concentration of 1x was 6.25 μM. The structure-activity relationships revealed that incorporation of 2-phenylfuran moiety could greatly enhance antibiofilm activity of thiazolidine-4-one.
- Pan, Bin,Huang, Ren-Zheng,Han, Shi-Qing,Qu, Di,Zhu, Ming-Li,Wei, Ping,Ying, Han-Jie
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scheme or table
p. 2461 - 2464
(2010/07/16)
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- New potent imidazoisoquinolinone derivatives as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents: Biological evaluation and structure-activity relationships
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A series of novel benzoimidazo and N-aryl-5-oxo-imidazo[1,2-b]isoquinoline-10-carbothioamides was developed. All the compounds were evaluated for their in vitro action against the epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi. Four of them showed higher activity than Nifurtimox. Their unspecific cytotoxicity was evaluated using HeLa and L6 cells, being non-toxic at concentrations at least 15 and 200 times higher than that of T. cruzi IC50. To gain insight into the mechanism of action, their DNA binding properties and reactivity with glutathione were studied, and QSAR study was performed.
- Bollini, Mariela,Casal, Juan Jose,Alvarez, Diego E.,Boiani, Lucia,Gonzalez, Mercedes,Cerecetto, Hugo,Bruno, Ana Maria
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experimental part
p. 1437 - 1444
(2009/09/25)
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- Efficient method of synthesis of N,N′-disubstituted ureas/thioureas by a Zinc chloride catalyzed thermal reaction
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Symmetrically N,N'-disubstituted ureas/thioureas were synthesized by heating amines or phenyl hydrazine and urea/thiourea on a preheated hot plate at 80-85C under solvent-free conditions in the presence of a catalytic amount of ZnCl2 as a catalyst. The protocol has the advantages of not using toxic phosgene and other hazardous substrates or organic solvents. Increased reaction rate, good yield, and a simple workup procedure are involved.
- Pasha,Madhusudana Reddy
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experimental part
p. 2928 - 2934
(2009/12/03)
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- A facile one-pot synthetic method for 1,2,4-triazoles and 1,3-disubstituted thioureas
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The reaction of arylisothiocyanates with triethylamine and acylhydrazides in the presence of mercuric acetate has been studied. The reaction proceeds through the formation of thiourea, followed by a sequential addition-dehydration with acylhydrazides. The initial detection of thiourea, which mediates the formation of disubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles, is explained by a plausible mechanism.
- Singh, Okram Mukherjee,Singh, Sarangthem Joychandra
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p. 483 - 485
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and activity of 1,3,5-triphenylimidazolidine-2,4-diones and 1,3,5-triphenyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones: Characterization of new CB 1 cannabinoid receptor inverse agonists/antagonists
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Obesity and metabolic syndrome, along with drug dependence (nicotine, alcohol, opiates), are two of the major therapeutic applications for CB 1 cannabinoid receptor antagonists and inverse agonists. In the present study, we report the synthesis and structure-affinity relationships of 1,5-diphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione and 1,3,5-triphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives. These new 1,3,5-triphenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives and their thio isosteres were obtained by an original pathway and exhibited interesting affinity and selectivity for the human CB1 cannabinoid receptor. A [35S]-GTPγS binding assay revealed the inverse agonist properties of the compounds at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies were conducted in order to delineate the binding mode of this series of derivatives into the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. 1,3-Bis(4-bromophenyl)-5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (25) and 1,3-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (23) are the imidazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives possessing the highest affinity for the human CB1 cannabinoid receptor reported to date.
- Muccioli, Giulio G.,Wouters, Johan,Charlier, Caroline,Scriba, Gerhard K. E.,Pizza, Teresa,Di Pace, Pierluigi,De Martino, Paolo,Poppitz, Wolfgang,Poupaert, Jacques H.,Lambert, Didier M.
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p. 872 - 882
(2007/10/03)
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- Efficient synthesis of N,N′-disubstituted ureas/thioureas catalyzed by iodine
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Iodine is an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of symmetrically N,N′-disubstituted ureas/thioureas by heating respective amines or phenyl hydrazine and urea/thiourea on a preheated hot plate at 90-95°C, under solvent-free conditions. The yields are excellent, and the reactions go to complete within 5-10 min. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Pasha,Jayashankara
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p. 1787 - 1793
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthetic studies toward aryl-(4-aryl-4H-[1,2,4]triazole-3-yl)-amine from 1,3-diarylthiourea as urea mimetics
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A thiophile-promoted synthesis of disubstituted 4H-[1,2,4]triazole-3-yl- amines as urea mimetics from the corresponding 1,3-disubstituted thioureas has been studied, and the scope and limitations of this reaction are presented. The reaction proceeds through the formation of a carbodiimide, followed by a sequential addition-dehydration with acyl hydrazides. 1,3-Branched dialkylthioureas result in the formation of the corresponding ureas. The electronic and steric effects of the substitution on the phenyl rings of the 1,3-diarylthioureas play an important role in the formation of the intermediary carbodiimde and the direction of the subsequent ring closure of the N-acyl hydrazide adduct.
- Natarajan, Amarnath,Guo, Yuhong,Arthanari, Haribabu,Wagner, Gerhard,Halperin, Jose A.,Chorev, Michael
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p. 6362 - 6368
(2007/10/03)
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- An environmentally benign method for the synthesis of symmetrical N,N′-disubstituted thioureas in a water medium
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An environmentally benign method for the synthesis of symmetrical N,N′-disubstituted thioureas in a water medium using poly(ethylene glycol)-400 (PEG-400) as a catalyst and a microwave as a heating source is described. Diaryl- and dialkyl-thioureas efficiently are synthesized by the reactions of thiourea with a variety of amines. This protocol has advantages of (a) no use of hazardous reagents and volatile organic solvents, (b) a rapid reaction rate, (c) a high yield, and (d) a simple work-up procedure. Copyright Taylor & Francis Inc.
- Li, Zheng,Wang, Zhi-Yuan,Zhao, Yan-Long,Xing, Yu-Lin,Zhu, Wei
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p. 2745 - 2750
(2007/10/03)
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- Reactivity study on morpholine-1-carbothioic acid (2-phenyl-3H-quinazolin-4-ylidene) amide
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Regioselective reactions of morpholine-1-carbothioic acid (2-phenyl-3H-quinazolin-4-ylidene) amide (1) with electrophiles and nucleophiles were studied. The compound (1) reacts with alkyl halides in basic medium to afford S-substituted isothiourea derivat
- Fathalla, Walid,Cajan, Michal,Marek, Jaromir,Pazdera, Pavel
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p. 1145 - 1152
(2007/10/03)
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- MCM-41-TBD as a new, efficient, supported heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of thioureas
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The preparation of thioureas, by reaction of carbon disulfide with primary amines, can be efficiently catalyzed, under heterogeneous conditions, by MCM-TBD as a new and reusable catalyst.
- Ballini, Roberto,Bosica, Giovanna,Fiorini, Dennis,Maggi, Raimondo,Righi, Paolo,Sartori, Giovanni,Sartorio, Raffaella
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p. 8445 - 8447
(2007/10/03)
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- An efficient acylation/base-catalyzed cyclization of thioureas affords N,N′-disubstituted thiobarbituric acids
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Acylation of 1,3-disubstituted thioureas with methyl malonyl chloride followed by base-catalyzed cyclization leads to the preparation of 1,3-disubstituted-2-thiobarbituric acids in high yield.
- Heath, Perry C.,Huang, Charles Q.,Lowe, Richard F.,McCarthy, James R.,Weigel, Leland O.,Whitten, Jeffery P.
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p. 1607 - 1610
(2007/10/03)
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- Ethanolysis of thioureas
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In a study on the ethanolysis of thioureas it is demonstrated that N,N'-di- and trisubstituted aryl- and alkylarylthioureas when heated in ethanolic solution undergo fission to give N-arylthiocarbamic acid O-ethyl esters and amines. The reaction rates are depending on the nature of the substituents on the phenyl rings. Generally, the reactions are promoted by mineral acid.
- Derume, Anita,Egg, Helmut,Koenig, Roman
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p. 327 - 333
(2007/10/03)
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- Raney Nickel Desulphuration of 1-Substituted- and 1,3-Disubstituted-thioureas
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Certain 1-aryl-1,3-diaryl- and 1-aryl-3-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl thioureas have been successfully desulphurated into the related mono- and 1,3-di-substituted formamidines with the help of Raney nickel catalyst.A few of them have been converted into the corresponding formamides also.Structure of the products have been established through usual chemical transformations, ir, nmr and mass spectral analysis.
- Ali, M. Umar,Meshram, H. M.,Paranjpe, M. G.
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p. 666 - 669
(2007/10/02)
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- Applications of Phase Transfer Catalysis, 26. - Thioureas by Three-Component Reactions of Amines, Carbon Tetrachloride, and Sulfide Ions
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The title reactions proceed exothermically in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.Thiophosgene is an intermediate in this conversion, and its phase transfer catalytic transformation into carbon disulfide and trithiocarbonate can be demonstrated.Perchloromethanethiol/sodium sulfide and a PT catalyst yield thiophosgene too.Activated vicinal dibromides were debrominated by Na2S/catalyst.
- Broda, Witold,Dehmlow, Eckehard V.
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p. 1839 - 1843
(2007/10/02)
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- A CONVENIENT METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF N,N'-DISUBSTITUTED THIOUREAS USING 2-CHLOROPYRIDINIUM SALT, SODIUM TRITHIOCARBONATE AND AMINES
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N,N'-Disubstituted thioureas were prepared in high yields by treating 2-chloropyridinium salt with sodium trithiocarbonate and subsequently adding amines.
- Takikawa, Yuji,Inoue, Noriyuki,Sato, Ryu,Takizawa, Saburo
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p. 641 - 642
(2007/10/02)
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