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A series of novel indoline-(thio)urea were designed and prepared using indoline(s) as a new platform and tested as organocatalysts in the Michael and Morita–Baylis–Hillman reactions. Most of the compounds were found to be very active catalysts although they did not promote the enantioselectivity. As agents for the conversion of thiocarbonyl compounds into carbonyl compounds, potentials of PIFA and DDQ were also displayed. Furthermore, DFT calculations rationalized the experimentally observed non-enantioselectivity of the catalysts.

Employing a green and efficient 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone-catalyzed oxidation of alkenes, which utilizes H2O2 as the green oxidant, a novel and sustainable synthesis of indolines and pyrrolidines was developed. This constitutes a cheap, general and environmentally-friendly protocol for the synthesis of substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycles. A variety of substitution patterns, both aromatic and aliphatic moieties, are well tolerated leading to the desired nitrogen heterocycles in good to excellent yields. (Figure presented.).

The first catalytic kinetic resolution by N-sulfonylation is described. 2-Substituted indolines are resolved (s=2.6–19) using an atropisomeric 4-dimethylaminopyridine-N-oxide (4-DMAP-N-oxide) organocatalyst. Use of 2-isopropyl-4-nitrophenylsulfonyl chloride is critical to the stereodiscrimination and enables facile deprotection of the sulfonamide products with thioglycolic acid. A qualitative model that accounts for the stereodiscrimination is proposed.

Pd/C in HFIP was used to hydrogenate indole derivatives under relatively mild conditions, leading to potential synthetic intermediates of bioactive compounds. Depending on their substitution, tetrahydroindoles or octahydroindoles could selectively be obtained.

The first method for the kinetic resolution of indolines through catalytic N-acylation is described. To improve the selectivity factor, new planar-chiral PPY-derived catalysts were synthesized, wherein the chiral environment was systematically modified. This work provides a rare example of a nonenzyme-based acylation catalyst for the kinetic resolution of amines. Copyright

The present invention provides a compound of formula I which is useful as antiviral agents, in particular, as agents against viruses of the herpes family.

A compound of the formula wherein R1 is a heterocycle having a skeleton consisting of 3 to 15 atoms including 1 to 5 nitrogen atom(s), which heterocycle is attached by a secondary nitrogen atom constituting the heterocycle; X is an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom optionally substituted by a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atom(s) or a sulfur atom optionally oxidized with 1 or 2 oxygen, Y is a bond or a C1-5 alkylene group, R2 is (1) a hydrogen atom, (2) a hydroxy group, (3) a C1-5 alkoxy group, (4) a C1-5 alkylthio group, (5) a carbocycle having 3 to 15 carbon atoms or (6) a heterocycle having a skeleton consisting of 3 to 15 atoms including 1 to 5 heteroatom(s), provided that when Y is a bond, R2 is a carbocycle having 3 to 15 carbon atoms or a heterocycle having a skeleton consisting of 3 to 15 atoms including 1 to 5 heteroatom(s) and; one of R3 and R4 is a hydrogen atom or a group of the formula: -Z-R5 (Z is a bond or C1-10 alkylene group optionally having substituent(s) and R5 is (1) a hydrogen atom, (2) a hydroxy group, (3) a C1-5 alkoxy group, (4) a nitrile group, (5) a C1-5 alkoxy-carbonyl group, (6) a carboxyl group, (7) a carbamoyl group, (8) a (mono or di-C1-5 alkyl)carbamoyl group, (9) an amino group, (10) a (di or mono-C1-5 alkyl)amino group, (11) a (C1-5 alkoxy-carbonyl)amino group, (12) a C1-5 alkylthio group, (13) a carbocycle having 3 to 15 carbon atoms or (14) a heterocycle having a skeleton consisting of 3 to 15 atoms including 1 to 5 heteroatom(s)); the other is a group of the formula: -Z-R5 (Z and R5 are as defined above); and R3 and R4 may form, together with the adjacent nitrogen atom, a heterocycle having a skeleton consisting of 3 to 15 atoms, which heterocycle is attached by a secondary nitrogen atom constituting the heterocycle, wherein the above-mentioned heterocycle and a carbocycle having 3 to 15 carbon atoms are each optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of C1-8 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C7-16 aralkyl, C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-8 cycloalkenyl, C6-14 aryl, C1-8 alkoxy, C1-3 alkylenedioxy, hydroxy, halogen atom, amino, (di or mono-C1-5 alkyl)amino, (C1-5 alkoxy-carbonyl)amino, (C1-5 acyl)amino, (C1-5 acyl) (C1-5 alkyl)amino, C1-5 alkylthio, nitrile, nitro, C1-5 alkoxy-carbonyl, carboxyl, C1-5 alkyl-carbonyloxy, oxo, thioxo, C1-6 acyl group, sulfamoyl and (di or mono-C1-5 alkyl)sulfamoyl, or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof have a superior cGMP specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitory activity, and can be used as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as angina pectoris, heart failure, cardiac infarction, hypertension, arteriosclerosis and the like, allergic diseases such as asthma, or disorders of male or female genital function and the like.

Compounds of formula (I): STR1 [wherein: X represents an unsubstituted or substituted indolyl, indolinyl, azaindolyl, azaindolinyl, imidazopyridyl or imidazopyrimidinyl group; Y represents an oxygen or sulfur atom; Z represents a 2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylidenylmethyl, 2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylmethyl, 2,4-dioxooxazolidin-5-ylmethyl, 3,5-dioxooxadiazolidin-2-ylmethyl or N-hydroxyureidomethyl group; R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a nitro group, an aralkyl group or a unsubstituted or substituted amino group; and m is an integer of from 1 to 5] have hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic activities.

Tricyclic quinoxalinediones of the formula: STR1 wherein X is alkyl, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, hydroxy, amino, etc.; R 1 is H, etc.; R 2 is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkylalkyl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl; W is H, CO 2 R 3, CO 2 Y, CONR 3 R 4, CONR 3 Y, CON(OR 3)R 4, COR 3, CN, tetrazolyl, or substituted alkyl; R 3 and R 4 independently are H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, etc.; Y is mono-substituted alkyl or di-substituted alkyl; and n is an integer 0 or 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which are useful as a selective antagonist of glutamate receptor for the treatment or prevention of various diseases in animals including human being, for example, minimizing damage of central nervous system induced by ischaemic or hypoxylic conditions, treatment and/or prevention of neurodegenerative disorders, and further analgesics, antidepressants, anxiolitics, and anti-schizophrenics.

The invention relates to compounds of the formula I STR1 and to pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein Z, A, Y, X 1, R. sub.1, R 2, and R 3 are as defined herein. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing, and to

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A series of tricyclic quinoxalinediones, 5,6-dihydro-1H-pyrroloquinoxaline-2,3-diones and 6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyridoquinoxaline-2,3-diones, were synthesized and was evaluated for their affinity for the glycine binding site of the NMDA receptor using a -5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid binding assay.The six-membered ring-fused tricyclic quinoxalinedione 18g (Ki = 9.9 nM) displayed high affinity for the glycine site.The anilide derivative 20g (Ki = 2.6 nM) was 4-fold more potent than 18g and as potent as L-689,560, one of the most potent glycineantagonists so far prepared.Although the carboxylic acid derivative of the corresponding five-membered ring-fused tricyclic quinoxalinedione 18e (Ki = 7.3 nM) had affinity comparable to that of 18g, the anilide derivative 20e largely decreased in the affinity in contrast to 20g.Enantiomers 23g, 24g, 25g, and 26g were prepared and tested.Only the S enantiomer 25g (Ki = 0.96 nM) retained the affinity among the anilide derivatives, whereas both enantiomers 23g (Ki = 2.3 nM) and 24g (Ki = 9.6 nM) were active among the carboxylic acid derivatives.The origin of the high affinity of carboxylic acid derivatives such as 18e and 18g would be a charge-charge interaction between the anionic carboxylate residues of the compounds and the cationic proton-donor site in the receptor.