- Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of the hybrid molecules between amoxicillin and derivatives of benzoic acid
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Due to the increasing problem of bacterial resistance worldwide, the demand for new antibiotics is becoming increasingly urgent. We wished to: (a) prepare hybrid molecules by linking different pharmacophores by chemical bonds; (b) investigate the antib acterial activity of these hybrids using drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pathogens in vitro and vivo. A series of hybrid molecules with a diester structure were designed and synthesized that linked amoxicillin and derivatives of benzoic acid via a methylene bridge. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for activities against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] 29213, ATCC 11632; methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA] 11; Escherichia coli ATCC 25922) and Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella LS677, GD836, GD828, GD3625) by microdilution of broth. Synthesized compounds showed good activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. In particular, amoxicillin-p-nitrobenzoic acid (6d) showed good activity against Salmonella species and had better activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 64 μg/ml) than the reference drug, amoxicillin (MIC = 128 μg/ml). Amoxicillin-p-methoxybenzoic acid (6b) had the best antibacterial activity in vivo (ED50 = 13.2496 μg/ml). The hybrid molecules of amoxicillin and derivatives of benzoic acid synthesized based on a diester structure can improve the activity of amoxicillin against Salmonella species and even improve the activity against MRSA.
- Li, Zhonglin,Lin, Hao,Zhou, Junwen,Chen, Liangzhu,Pan, Zhikun,Fang, Binghu
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p. 198 - 206
(2020/09/23)
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- SULFONAMIDE DERIVATIVE AND PHARMACEUTICAL USE THEREOF
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Provided is a sulfonamide derivative represented by the following general formula (1) and having an α4 integrin inhibitory effect with high selectivity with a low effect on α4β1 and a high effect on α4β7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (in the general formula (1), A, B, D, E, R41, and a to h are as described in the description).
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- SULFONAMIDE DERIVATIVE AND MEDICINAL USE THEREOF
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Provided are sulfonamide derivatives of a specific chemical structure in which a sulfonamide group having, as a substituent, a phenyl group or a heterocyclic group having a hetero atom(s) as a constituent element(s) is present at its terminal, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. These compounds are novel compounds having excellent α4 integrin-inhibitory action.
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- NEW THIENOPYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES, A PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM
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Compounds of formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R12, X, A and n are as defined in the description.
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Page/Page column 161; 162
(2015/07/15)
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- MEROPENEM DERIVATIVES AND USES THEREOF
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The present invention provides novel derivative of β-lactam antibiotics, such as meropenem. The inventive compounds include compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and prodrugs thereof. Also provided are particles (e.g., nanoparticles) and pharmaceutical compositions thereof that are mucus penetrating. The inventive particles and pharmaceutical compositions may be useful in delivering an inventive compound to the respiratory tract of a subject. The invention further provides methods of using and kits including the inventive compounds, particles thereof, and/or pharmaceutical compositions thereof for treating and/or preventing a pulmonary disease (e.g., a respiratory tract infection).
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- Decoupled Roles for the Atypical, Bifurcated Binding Pocket of the ybfF Hydrolase
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Serine hydrolases have diverse intracellular substrates, biological functions, and structural plasticity, and are thus important for biocatalyst design. Amongst serine hydrolases, the recently described ybfF enzyme family are promising novel biocatalysts with an unusual bifurcated substrate-binding cleft and the ability to recognize commercially relevant substrates. We characterized in detail the substrate selectivity of a novel ybfF enzyme from Vibrio cholerae (Vc-ybfF) by using a 21-member library of fluorogenic ester substrates. We assigned the roles of the two substrate-binding clefts in controlling the substrate selectivity and folded stability of Vc-ybfF by comprehensive substitution analysis. The overall substrate preference of Vc-ybfF was for short polar chains, but it retained significant activity with a range of cyclic and extended esters. This broad substrate specificity combined with the substitutional analysis demonstrates that the larger binding cleft controls the substrate specificity of Vc-ybfF. Key selectivity residues (Tyr116, Arg120, Tyr209) are also located at the larger binding pocket and control the substrate specificity profile. In the structure of ybfF the narrower binding cleft contains water molecules prepositioned for hydrolysis, but based on substitution this cleft showed only minimal contribution to catalysis. Instead, the residues surrounding the narrow binding cleft and at the entrance to the binding pocket contributed significantly to the folded stability of Vc-ybfF. The relative contributions of each cleft of the binding pocket to the catalytic activity and folded stability of Vc-ybfF provide a valuable map for designing future biocatalysts based on the ybfF scaffold.
- Ellis, Elizabeth E.,Adkins, Chinessa T.,Galovska, Natalie M.,Lavis, Luke D.,Johnson, R. Jeremy
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p. 1134 - 1144
(2013/07/26)
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- INDOLE AND AZAINDOLE MODULATORS OF THE ALPHA 7 NACHR
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This invention relates to modulation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) by a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
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Page/Page column 47
(2011/05/05)
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- A flexible, stereoselective dimethylzinc-mediated radical-anionic cascade: Dramatic influence of additional Lewis acids
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Dimethylzinc-mediated addition of acyloxymethyl radicals to diethyl fumarate led to the highly stereoselective formation of disubstituted γ-lactones in mean to good yields; this cascade provides a new example of a one-pot process mediated by dimethylzinc involving a tandem radical-anionic reaction; the chemoselectivity of the reaction was totally modified by additional Lewis acids.
- Maury, Julien,Feray, Laurence,Perfetti, Patricia,Bertrand, Michele P.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3590 - 3593
(2010/11/04)
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- INHIBITORS OF STAT3 AND USES THEREOF
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Compounds which inhibit the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are provided together with methods of making and using the same. The compounds are designed to bind to the SH2 domain of STAT3, preventing STAT3 from bindin
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Page/Page column 50
(2010/11/03)
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- PYRIDONE ANALOGS USEFUL AS MELANIN CONCENTRATING HORMONE RECEPTOR-1 ANTAGONISTS
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MCHR1 antagonists are provided having the following Formula I: wherein A1 and A2 are independently C or N; E is C or N; D1 is a bond, -CR8R9X-, -XCR8R9-, -CHR8CHR
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Page/Page column 106
(2010/10/03)
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- Design, synthesis, and cholesterol-lowering efficacy for prodrugs of berberrubine
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In order to enhance oral bioavailability of berberine (BBR) for its cholesterol-lowering efficacy in vivo, a series of ester or ether prodrugs of berberrubine (M1), which is an active metabolite of BBR after first-pass metabolism, were designed, semi-synthesized, and evaluated. Among these M1 prodrugs, compound 5g possessing palmitate at the 9-position showed a moderate Log P value and esterase hydrolysis rate for releasing M1 in blood. Its cholesterol-lowering efficacy in vivo was evaluated in hyperlipidemic SD rats. Compound 5g (100 mg/kg/d) reduced blood CHO and LDL-c by 35.8% and 45.5%, respectively, similar to that by BBR. It also exhibited a good safety in rats with no side-effect on liver and kidney function. Therefore, the design of M1 prodrug appears to be an effective strategy to improve pharmacokinetic feature of BBR for its lipid-lowering efficacy in vivo.
- Li, Ying-Hong,Li, Yi,Yang, Peng,Kong, Wei-Jia,You, Xue-Fu,Ren, Gang,Deng, Hong-Bin,Wang, Yue-Ming,Wang, Yan-Xiang,Jiang, Jian-Dong,Song, Dan-Qing
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experimental part
p. 6422 - 6428
(2010/10/04)
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- Prodrugs of CL316243: A selective β3-adrenergic receptor agonist for treating obesity and diabetes
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CL316243 is a highly selective and potent β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, and has been shown in rodent models to be an effective agent for treating obesity and Type II diabetes. To improve the oral absorption and pharmacokinetic profiles of CL316243, a number of prodrugs have been synthesized and evaluated. Several ester-type prodrugs show significant improvements in oral bioavailability in both rodent and primate models.
- Sum,Gilbert,Venkatesan,Lim,Wong,O'Dell,Francisco,Chen,Grosu,Baker,Ellingboe,Malamas,Gunawan,Primeau,Largis,Steiner
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p. 1921 - 1926
(2007/10/03)
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- 4-aminotetrahydrobenzisoxazole or -isothiazole compounds
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The present invention relates to novel 4-aminotetrahydrobenzisoxazoles or 4-aminotetrahydrobenziothiazoles having gamma-aminobutanoic acid (GABA)-uptake inhibiting activity and thus useful in the treatment of analgesia, psychosis, convulsions, anxiety, epileptic disorders or muscular and movement disorders, such as spastic disorders or symptoms in Huntington's disease or Parkinson disease.
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- Synthesis of iodoalkylacylates and their use in the preparation of S-alkyl phosphorothiolates
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Synthesis of iodoalkylacylates 3a-f and use of 3c in the preparation of an oligonucleoside phosphorothiate prodrug analog 5 is described.
- Iyer,Yu,Ho,Agrawal
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p. 2739 - 2749
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthesis and Bioactivation of Bis(aroyloxymethyl) and Mono(aroyloxymethyl) Esters of Benzylphosphonate and Phosphonoacetate
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The bis(aroyloxymethyl) esters of benzylphosphonate 8 (X=Ph, Ar=Ph, 2-MeC6H4 or 2,4,6-Me3C6H3) and methoxycarbonylmethylphosphonate 8 (X=MeO2C, 2-MeC6H4 or 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) have been prepared by reaction of 2 equiv. of the appropriate aroyloxymethyl iodide
- Thomson, William,Nicholls, Dave,Mitchell, Antony G.,Corner Julie A.,Irwin, William J.,Freeman, Sally
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p. 2303 - 2308
(2007/10/02)
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- A Convenient Synthesis of (Acyloxy)alkyl α-Ethers of Phenols
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(Acyloxy)alkyl α-ethers (1) of phenols, thiophenol, and catechols have been prepared in good yield by their alkylation with (acyloxy)alkyl α-chlorides or iodides in acetone in the presence of K2CO3.In addition, one example of an (acylthio)alkyl α-ether was prepared.Either partial or complete acylation rather than alkylation on oxygen took place if the α-iodide was not used except for reactions of 3-chloro-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone with phenol or catechol or the reaction of (benzoylthio)methyl chloride with β-estradiol.It is suggested that more alkylation takes place with iodide as a leaving group because of the tighter transition state that develops with the better nucleofuge.The alkylation reaction sequence has two advantages for the synthesis of 1: (1) the mildness of the reaction conditions and (2) the wide variety of acyl and alkyl groups that can be incorporated into the product through the (acyloxy)alkyl α-halides.
- Bodor, Nicholas,Sloan, Kenneth B.,Kaminski, James J.,Shih, Chung,Pogany, Stefano
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p. 5280 - 5284
(2007/10/02)
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