- Chiral 1,2,3-Triazolium Salt Catalyzed Asymmetric Mono- and Dialkylation of 2,5-Diketopiperazines with the Construction of Tetrasubstituted Carbon Centers
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Novel asymmetric mono- and dialkylation reactions of α-substituted 2,5-diketopiperazines catalyzed by new chiral spirocyclic-amide-derived triazolium organocatalysts have been developed, resulting in a range of enantioenriched 2,5-diketopiperazine derivatives containing one or two tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters. The reactions feature high yields (up to 98%), and excellent cis-diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 dr, >99 % ee), and they provide a new asymmetric synthetic approach to important functionalized 2,5-diketopiperazine skeletons. Furthermore, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed based on both control experiments and extensive DFT calculations.
- Yang, Ju-Song,Lu, Ka,Li, Chen-Xiao,Zhao, Zu-Hang,Zhang, Xiao-Ming,Zhang, Fu-Min,Tu, Yong-Qiang
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supporting information
(2022/01/22)
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- Enynones in organic synthesis. 6. Synthesis of spirocyclic methylenecyclopentenones and analogs of the methylenomycin class of antibiotics. Mechanism of phenol catalysis
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Spirocyclic methylenecyclopentenones of general structure 18 were prepared in a single step from bis-acetylenic alcohols 29 by a process involving initial oxy-Cope rearrangement to afford (Z)-enynones 36-Z followed by electrocyclic ring closure. Mechanistic studies indicate that the initial step leading from 30-Z to 18 is a thermal 1,5-prototropic shift to afford dienols which can cyclize by a symmetry-allowed (π4s ± σ2s ± π2a) process. This last step is catalyzed by certain phenols having low oxidation potentials, most likely by a mechanism involving single electron transfer. Dramatic rate enhancements were also observed for the cyclization of simple enynones 37 to methylenecyclopentenones 39 upon catalysis with either α-tocopherol (vitamin E, 40) or tert-butylcatechol (41). Further enhancements in both rate and yield were obtained under conditions of photoassisted single electron transfer (PET), which afforded 39 in yields of 80-98%.
- Jacobi,Armacost,Brielmann,Cann,Kravitz,Martinelli
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p. 5292 - 5304
(2007/10/02)
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