- Benzenesulfonyl chloride with primary and secondary amines in aqueous media - Unexpected high conversions to sulfonamides at high pH
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We have determined pH-yield profiles under pseudo-first-order conditions of the reactions of benzenesulfonyl chloride with a set of primary and secondary water-soluble alkylamines, and have found with certain amines, such as dibutylamine, a profile taking the form of a sigmoid pH-yield curve with relatively high yields of the sulfonamide persisting with increasing basicity up to and including 1.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide. This behaviour is quantitatively accounted for by invoking, in addition to the usual second-order reaction of the sulfonyl chloride with the amine, two third-order terms (i) one first-order in sulfonyl chloride, amine and hydroxide anion, and (H) another first-order in sulfonyl chloride and second-order in the amine. The importance of the third-order terms correlates approximately with the total number of alkyl carbon atoms in the amine, and this in turn is regarded as related to the hydrophobic character of the amine. Experiments to test this picture included: (i) observation of a bell-shaped curve with bis(2-methoxyethyl)amine, (H) in the reaction of dibutylamine in THF-H2O (1:1), and also (iii) in the reaction of dibutylamine in 1.0 mol/L tetrabutylammonium bromide, and (iv) increase in the contributions of the third-order terms in 1.0 mol/L aqueous sodium chloride. Preparative reactions with dibutylamine, 1-octylamine, and hexamethylenimine in 1.0 mol/L aqueous sodium hydroxide with a 5% excess of benzenesulfonyl chloride gave, respectively, 94%, 98%, and 97% yields of the corresponding sulfonamides.
- King, James F.,Gill, Manjinder S.,Ciubotaru, Petru
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- Carbon-13, Nitrogen-15, Oxygen-17 and Sulphur-33 NMR Chemical Shifts of Some Sulphur Amides and Related Compounds
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15N, 17O and 33S NMR chemical shifts were determined for some aliphatic and aromatic sulphonamides, sulphinamides, sulphenamides and related sulphones and sulphoxides.The 17O and 33S NMR chemical shifts change only slightly for the sulphonyl compounds.In the sulphinyl compounds, on the other hand, the presence of nitrogen causes a noticeable shift to higher frequencies in the 17O resonance.The differences between the 17O chemical shifts of sulphinyl and sulphonyl compounds are more noticeable than those between sulphinamides and sulphoxides.The 15N NMR chemical shifts of sulphon-, sulphin- and sulphenamides reflectbwell the effect of the environments of both nitrogen and the adjacent sulphur atom.The correlations between 15N, 17O and 33S NMR chemical shifts and the structures of sulphur amides and related sulphones and sulphoxides are discussed.The chemical shifts of the 13C nuclei are also presented.
- Haakkinen, A.-M.,Ruostesuo, P.
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- Aryl-aryl coupling via directed lithiation and oxidation
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Aryl lithium reagents formed by directed lithiation reactions undergo transmetallation with copper(I) salts to form organocuprates, which may be efficiently oxidized to yield ortho-substituted biaryls. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005.
- Surry, David S.,Fox, David J.,Macdonald, Simon J. F.,Spring, David R.
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Read Online
- A facile and versatile electro-reductive system for hydrodefunctionalization under ambient conditions
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A general electrochemical system for reductive hydrodefunctionalization is described, employing the inexpensive and easily available triethylamine (Et3N) as a sacrificial reductant. This protocol is characterized by facile operation, sustainable conditions, and exceptionally wide substrate scope covering the cleavage of C-halogen, N-S, N-C, O-S, O-C, C-C and C-N bonds. Notably, the selectivity and capability of reduction can be conveniently switched by simple incorporation or removal of an alcohol as a co-solvent.
- Huang, Binbin,Guo, Lin,Xia, Wujiong
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supporting information
p. 2095 - 2103
(2021/03/26)
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- Debenzylative Sulfonylation of Tertiary Benzylamines Promoted by Visible Light
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An efficient, general, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly photosynthesis of sulfonamides via visible light promoted debenzylative sulfonylation of tertiary benzylamines is described. Compared to the traditional S?N coupling reactions, which are promoted by oxidative C?N bond cleavage of symmetrical tertiary alkylamines, this strategy provides a selective C?N bond cleavage protocol and avoids the use of transition-metal, explosive oxidants, and ligands.
- Fu, Ying,Wu, Qing-Kui,Du, Zhengyin
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supporting information
p. 1896 - 1900
(2021/04/06)
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- Deconstructing Noncovalent Kelch-like ECH-Associated Protein 1 (Keap1) Inhibitors into Fragments to Reconstruct New Potent Compounds
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Targeting the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) is a potential therapeutic strategy to control diseases involving oxidative stress. Here, six classes of known small-molecule Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors were dissected into 77 fragments in a fragment-based deconstruction reconstruction (FBDR) study and tested in four orthogonal assays. This gave 17 fragment hits of which six were shown by X-ray crystallography to bind in the Keap1 Kelch binding pocket. Two hits were merged into compound 8 with a 220-380-fold stronger affinity (Ki = 16 μM) relative to the parent fragments. Systematic optimization resulted in several novel analogues with Ki values of 0.04-0.5 μM, binding modes determined by X-ray crystallography, and enhanced microsomal stability. This demonstrates how FBDR can be used to find new fragment hits, elucidate important ligand-protein interactions, and identify new potent inhibitors of the Keap1-Nrf2 PPI.
- Pallesen, Jakob S.,Narayanan, Dilip,Tran, Kim T.,Solbak, Sara M. ?.,Marseglia, Giuseppe,S?rensen, Louis M. E.,H?j, Lars J.,Munafò, Federico,Carmona, Rosa M. C.,Garcia, Anthony D.,Desu, Haritha L.,Brambilla, Roberta,Johansen, Tommy N.,Popowicz, Grzegorz M.,Sattler, Michael,Gajhede, Michael,Bach, Anders
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p. 4623 - 4661
(2021/05/07)
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- Controlled synthesis of N, N-dimethylarylsulfonamide derivatives as nematicidal agents
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Gramine can be intelligently and efficiently supplied with N, N-dimethylamino group and then reacted with the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides to synthesize N, N-dimethylarylsulfonamides. We herein designed and controlled synthesis of N, N-dimethylarylsulfonamide derivatives, and first reported the results of the nematicidal activity of 15 title compounds 3a-o against Meloidogyne incongnita in vitro, respectively. Among all of the title derivatives, compounds 3a, 3c, 3k, and 3o exhibited potent nematicidal activity with median lethal concentration (LC50) values ranging from 0.22 to 0.26 mg/L. Most noteworthy, N, N-dimethyl-4-methoxyphenylsulfonamide (3c) and N, N-dimethyl-8-quinolinesulfonamide (3o) showed the best promising and pronounced nematicidal activity, with LC50 values of 0.2381 and 0.2259 mg/L, respectively.
- Chen, Gen-Qiang,Xia, Yan-Fei,Yang, Jin-Ming,Che, Zhi-Ping,Sun, Di,Li, Shen,Tian, Yue-E,Liu, Sheng-Ming,Jiang, Jia,Lin, Xiao-Min
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p. 1197 - 1206
(2019/12/03)
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- Preparation method of N,N-dimethylsulfamide derivatives
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The invention discloses a preparation method of N,N-dimethylsulfamide derivatives and belongs to the technical field of synthesis of medical compounds. The preparation method comprises the following steps: reacting gramine, a reactant with sulfonyl chloride groups and an alkaline substance with any one of solvents such as CH2Cl2, CH3COCH3 and CH3CN at a temperature of minus 15 DEG C to 80 DEG C for 24-48 hours so as to obtain the product, wherein the molar ratio of the gramine to the reactant to the alkaline substance is (1.0-2.0):(1.2-4.0):(1.5-6.0). The N,N-dimethylsulfamide derivatives can be simply and efficiently prepared withlow cost, and the yield is up to 70-98%.
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Paragraph 0061-0065; 0136-0160; 0163; 0178-0182
(2019/10/01)
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- Charge-Transfer Complex Promoted Regiospecific C?N Bond Cleavage of Vicinal Tertiary Diamines
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A catalyst-free, charge-transfer complex promoted coupling of sulfonyl chlorides with vicinal tertiary diamines to generate sulfonamides is presented. Mechanistic studies showed that these reactions are proceeded via charge transfer of vicinal tertiary diamines to sulfonyl chlorides, forming the unstable sulfonyl quaternary ammonium like complexes which induced the regiospecific intramolecular C?N bond cleavage of vicinal tertiary diamines. (Figure presented.).
- Fu, Ying,Xu, Qin-Shan,Shi, Chun-Zhao,Du, Zhengyin,Xiao, Caiqin
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supporting information
p. 3502 - 3506
(2018/09/14)
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- Potassium tert-butoxide-mediated metal-free synthesis of sulfonamides from sodium sulfinates and N,N-disubstituted formamides
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By using formamides as amine sources, a novel and efficient KO-t-Bu mediated amination of sodium sulfinates has been developed. The reaction utilizes readily available starting materials under metal-free conditions, thus providing an alternative and attractive route to sulfonamides.
- Bao, Xiaodong,Rong, Xiaona,Liu, Zhiguo,Gu, Yugui,Liang, Guang,Xia, Qinqin
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supporting information
p. 2853 - 2858
(2018/06/25)
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- Preparation method for sulfonamide compound
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The invention discloses a preparation method for a sulfonamide compound. The preparation method comprises the following steps: with NIS as an oxidizing agent and potassium tert-butoxide as a base, reacting formamide with sodium arylsulfinate in an organic solvent, and carrying out post-treatment after the reaction is completed so as to obtain the sulfonamide compound. The preparation method uses formamide and sodium arylsulfinate as substrates for synthesis of the sulfonamide compound; the raw materials for the reaction are cheap and easily available; and the preparation method is simple.
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Paragraph 0083; 0084; 0085; 0086; 0087; 0088
(2017/12/14)
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- Simple N,N-dimethyl phenylsulfonamides show potent anticonvulsant effect in two standard epilepsy models
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Optimization of the previously reported benzothiazine analogue A led to the identification of compound 1, which showed anti-convulsant activity in two golden standard animal models of seizure, the MES and scPTZ models. Structure-activity relationship investigation of compound 1 revealed compounds 2, 6 and 19 as attractive anti-epileptic drug (AED) candidates with potent anticonvulsant effect in both the MES and scPTZ models. As these compounds are structurally different from existing AEDs, determination of their mechanism of actions could provide clues to understanding current therapy-resistant seizures. Moreover, these simple phenylsulfoneamide compounds could be good starting points for searching broad spectrum AEDs by such in vivo screening.
- Tanaka, Tomoyuki,Yajima, Nana,Kiyoshi, Tomoko,Miura, Yoshiki,Iwama, Seiji
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- N-Methylation of poorly nucleophilic aromatic amines with dimethyl carbonate
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Abstract: Dimethyl carbonate (DMC), an environmentally friendly methylation agent, is a substitute for traditional methylation agents such as methyl halides (CH3X, X?=?I, Br, Cl) or dimethyl sulfate. An efficient, convenient, and green method has been developed for N-methylation of poorly nucleophilic aromatic amines with DMC. It was found that the couple PEG400/K2CO3 provides good selectivity for the N-methylation product. Finally, the mechanism for reaction of amines with DMC was investigated, and a plausible multistep mechanism proposed and verified. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Yan, Huidong,Zeng, Liufang,Xie, Yaqiang,Cui, Yu,Ye, Liyi,Tu, Song
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p. 5951 - 5960
(2016/06/01)
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- Copper-catalyzed electrophilic amination of sodium sulfinates at room temperature
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By using O-benzoyl hydroxylamines as amine sources, the first convenient copper-catalyzed electrophilic amination of sodium sulfinates has been realized. Even with 2 mol% catalyst loading, the protocol provided an efficient and straightforward synthesis of a broad range of functional sulfonamides under ambient reaction conditions without an additional base and ligand. Based on the control experiments, a plausible mechanism was proposed.
- Zhu, Haibo,Shen, Yajing,Deng, Qinyue,Tu, Tao
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supporting information
p. 16573 - 16576
(2015/11/18)
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- Copper-mediated S-N formation via an oxygen-activated radical process: A new synthesis method for sulfonamides
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Copper-mediated direct S-N formation using readily available starting materials via an oxygen-activated radical process has been developed. This method provides a novel and direct approach for synthesis of sulfonamides under air conditions. the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Huang, Xin,Wang, Jichao,Ni, Zhangqin,Wang, Sichang,Pan, Yuanjiang
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supporting information
p. 4582 - 4584
(2014/05/06)
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- Optional synthesis of 2- OR 5-substituted 3-bromopyrroles via bromine-lithium exchange of N-benzenesulfonyl-2,4-dibromopyrrole
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The regioselective bromine-lithium exchange of N-benzenesulfonyl-2,4- dibromopyrrole (6) with n-BuLi followed by treatment with various electrophiles gave 5-substituted 3-bromopyrroles (5) in excellent yields. In contrast, the sequential treatment of 6 wi
- Fukuda, Tsutomu,Iwao, Masatomo
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p. 1261 - 1273
(2013/08/23)
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- CRTH2 MODULATORS
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Modulators of CRTH2, particularly antagonists of CRTH2, that are useful for treating various disorders, including asthma and respiratory disorders are disclosed. The compounds fall within a genus described by formula I
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Page/Page column 141
(2010/04/27)
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- Microwave-assisted efficient methylation of alkyl and arenesulfonamides with trimethylsulfoxonium iodide and KOH
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A solvent-free synthesis of N-methyl and N,N-dimethylsulfonamides has been achieved by treating the primary and secondary sulfonamides with Me3S+OI- and KOH under microwave irradiation on alumina support. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Malik, Sarika,Nadir, Upender K.,Pandey, Pramod S.
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p. 3074 - 3081
(2008/12/22)
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- Fused heterotricyclic compounds as inhibitors of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3
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Fused heterotricyclic compounds, methods of using such compounds in the treatment of hormone sensitive diseases such as prostate cancer, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.
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Page/Page column 46
(2008/06/13)
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- Novel compounds and their use as positive AMPA receptor modulators
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The invention provides novel compounds represented by the general formula 5 compound represented by the formula: wherein the bond represented by the broken line may be a single, a double bond or absent; and if the bond is absent, then the nitrogen is substituted with a hydrogen and R2; X represents SO2 or C═O or CH2; Y represents —CH(R4)—, —N(R4)— or —N(R4)—CH2—, O; and the meaning of R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are as defined in the application The compounds are useful as positive modulators of the AMPA-receptor.
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- Remarkably Mild and Simple Preparations of Sulfinates, Sulfonyl Chlorides and Sulfonamides from Thioanisoles
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New and high yielding procedures to convert thioanisoles into versatile sulfonyl chloride derivatives were developed by strategically taking advantage of the Pummerer reaction.
- De Vleeschauwer, Marc,Gauthier, Jacques Yves
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p. 375 - 377
(2007/10/03)
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- A Comparison of Nucleophilic Reactions of 3-Benzenesulfonyloxyalloxazine and its 1-Methyl Analog.
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Reactions of 3-benzenesulfonyloxyalloxazine (1a) and its 1-methyl analog 1b with a number of nucleophilic reagents are reported.Relatively small nucleophiles, such as hydroxide ion, methanol, ethanol, methylamine, hydrazine and hydroxylamine converted 1a to 4-carboxy-s-triazoloquinoxalin-1(2H)-ones and the corresponding esters or amides.As the size of the amine increased from methylamine to ethylamine, dimethylamine, propylamine and isopropylamine, there were obtained 4-(carboxamido)-s-triazoloquinoxalin-1(2H)-ones, (1-carboxamido)imidazoloquinoxalines and 2,3-bis(ureido)quinoxalines.Sodium hydride or potassium cyanide in hot DMF degraded 1a to imidazoloquinoxaline.However, methylmercaptide and benzylmercaptide ions attacked the sulfonate group of 1a to form 3-hydroxyalloxazine. 1-Methyl-3-benzenesulfonyloxyalloxazine (1b) reacted with methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and to some degree 2-propanol, in the presence of triethylamine to furnish anhydro-1-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-(alkoxycarbonyl)-s-triazoloquinoxalinium hydroxides.However, sodium methoxide in methanol converted this starting material to a mixture of anhydro-1-hydroxy-3-methyl-s-triazoloquinoxalinium hydroxide and 1-methyl-3-hydroxyflavazole.A saturated aqueous solution of triethylamine transformed 1b to anhydro-1-hydroxy-3-methyl-s-triazoloquinoxalinium hydroxide, apparently via the corresponding unstable 4-carboxylic acid.The reactions of 1b with a number of aliphatic amines yielded either amides based on the above mesionic system or on the 3-carboxamido-2-quinoxalyl semicarbazide structure.The reaction of 1b with potassium cyanide furnished 1-methylimidazoloquinoxaline.Mechanisms to explain all of the degradations are advanced.
- Hamby, James M.,Bauer, Ludwig
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p. 1013 - 1024
(2007/10/02)
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- Multinuclear NMR Study of Variously Substituted Sulphonamides and Sulphinamides
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13C, 15N and 17O NMR chemical shifts, and also 1J(CH) and 1J(NH) values, have been determined for variously substituted sulphonamides and some sulphinamides, either neat or in acetone or dimethyl sulphoxide solution.The effect of benzene ring substitutens on the chemical shifts of nitrogen and oxygen nuclei is slight, but N-substitution changes the shielding of both nuclei.Generally, an N-methyl substituent shields an amide nitrogen and an N,Ndimethyl substituent gives further slight shielding.On the other hand, an N-phenyl substituent deshilds the nitrogen strongly, but the deshielding effect of an N,N-diphenyl substituent is markedly smaller.The sulphonyl oxygens are deshilded relative to the sulphinyl oxygens, and N-methyl and N,N-dimethyl substituents shild the oxygen nucleus.The effect of N-phenyl and N,N-diphenyl substituents on the shielding of the oxygen atoms of the sulphonyl group is slight.The direct 1J(CH) coupling constants are similar, but they are characteristic of different type of sulphur amides.The 1J(NH) values are of the same order of magnitude for sulphonamides and sulphinamides, but are clearly smaller for N-unsubstituted amides than for N-substituted compounds.KEY WORDS Sulphonamide Sulphinamide Multinuclear NMR
- Ruosteuso, P.,Haekkinen, A.-M.,Mattila, T.
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p. 189 - 193
(2007/10/02)
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- Reaction between N,N-Dialkylhydroxylamines and Sulphinyl Chlorides
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The reactions of several N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines with methane- and benzene-sulphinyl chlorides below 0 deg C give O-sulphinylated intermediates.These rearrange at ambient temperatures to give the corresponding sulphonamides and in some cases the imines and products derived from the decomposition of the accompanying sulphinic acids.N.m.r. spectra ((1H and 13C) show strong polarizations in the sulphonamides, indicating a radical-cage mechanism.No CIDNP signals were observed in the imines, which can be formed in a six-electron symmetry-allowed cyclic elimination.
- Banks, Malcolm R.,Hudson, Robert F.
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p. 151 - 156
(2007/10/02)
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- The Reaction between N,N-Dialkylhydroxylamines and Sulphinyl Chlorides
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The reaction of N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines with sulphinyl chlorides proceeds via an O-sulphinylated hydroxylamine intermediate, which has been isolated and characterised by n.m.r. spectroscopy; rearrangement of this intermediate to the sulphonamide has been shown to involve an aminyl radical.
- Banks, Malcolm R.,Hudson, Robert F.
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p. 799 - 800
(2007/10/02)
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- Pseudomolecular Rearrangement of O-Ethyl N-Methyl Toluene-4-sulphonimidate to N-Ethyl-N-methyltoluene-4-sulphonamide and its Relevance to the Nucleophilic Properties of Neutral Sulphonamides
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Kinetic studies are reported for the pseudo-molecular rearrangement of O-ethyl N-methyl toluene-4-sulphonimidate to N-ethyl-N-methyltoluene-4-sulphonamide in organic solvents at 34-100 deg C.Without catalysts, the rearrangement follows the equation rate = krearr 2, which is indicative of an intermolecular SN2 transalkylation via an ion-pair intermediate: it is accompained by concurrent E2 elimination to N-methyltoluene-4-sulphonamide.The rearrangement is catalysed by electrophilic reagents such as alkyl halides, ZnI2, and HBr where rate = k2 .For alkyl halides, a two-step mechanism via an ionic intermediate applies in which formation of the intermediate by an SN2 reaction between the substrate and alkyl halide is rate limiting.Other catalysts effect rearrangement by forming alkyl halides in an initial rapid reaction with the substrate.The results are discussed in relation to the ambident nucleophilic properties of sulphonamides.It is suggested that, like carboxylic acid amides and phosphinylamides, alkylation occurs most readily at the O-atom of neutral sulphonamides to give a sulphonimidate (kinetic product), which then rearranges in the presence of electrophilic catalysts to give an N-substituted sulphonamide (thermodynamic product).Rearrangement is normally too fast for the isolation of O-alkyl sulphonimidates, but O-aryl analogues can be obtained.
- Challis, Brian C.,Iley, James N.
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p. 699 - 704
(2007/10/02)
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- TRIMETHYLSILYLATED N-ALKYL-SUBSTITUTED CARBAMATES. I. PREPARATION AND SOME REACTIONS
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Trimethylsilyl N-monoalkyl- and N,N-dialkyl-carbamates have been made in 85-95percent yields by silylation of the corresponding ammonium carbamates with trimethylchlorosilane.Trimethylsilyl N,N-dimethylcarbamate can be used for silylation of alcohols, phenols, and carboxylic acids.The silylcarbamates react with carboxylic acid halides to give the corresponding acid amides.The reaction of trimethylsilyl carbamates with carboxylic anhydrides give the corresponding silyl carboxylate and acid amide, while the reaction with dicarboxylic anhydrides give the trimethylsilyl monoamide of the corresponding dicarboxylic acid, i.e.Me3SiO2CCONR1R2.
- Knausz, Dezsoe,Meszticzky, Aranka,Szakacs, Laszlo,Csakvari, Bela,Ujszaszy, Kalman
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- Quantitative structure activity relationship of reversible dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. Diaminotriazines
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A quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) has been formulated for 4,6 diamino 1,2 dihydro 2,2 dimethyl 1 (X phenyl) s triazines inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, isolated from Walker 256 tumor. Using substituent constants and regression analysis, it is shown that the substituents X on the phenyl ring are placed into two different types of space in, or on, the enzyme. Substituents in the 3 position show typical hydrophobic interaction while substituents in the 4 position bring about inhibition in a fashion more closely related to their molecular volume as characterized by molecular refractivity. The electronic effects of X as measured by sigma do not appear to have a significant role. The QSAR for 83 inhibitors is described by log 1/C = 0.89(π-3) + 0.15(MR-4) - 0.13(π-3)2 + 6.62, where π-3 is the hydrophobic effect of substituents in the 3 position, and MR-4 is the molecular refractivity of 4 substituents. The correlation coefficient for this equation is 0.905. The design of better inhibitors is discussed in the light of the above equation.
- Hansch,Silipo
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p. 661 - 667
(2007/10/05)
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