- Novel enmein-type diterpenoid hybrids coupled with nitrogen mustards: Synthesis of promising candidates for anticancer therapeutics
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Natural derived enmein-type diterpenoids exert cytotoxicity against a wide range of human cancer cells. Yet their medicinal applications are hindered by insufficient potency for chemotherapy. Hence, a series of novel enmein-type diterpenoid hybrids coupled with nitrogen mustards were designed and synthesized to increase antitumor efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. Most conjugates exhibited stronger antiproliferative activities than parent diterpenoids and nitrogen mustards, especially for multidrug-resistant tumor cell line Bel-7402/5-FU. Among them, compound E2 showed the most potent inhibitory activities in human leukemia HL-60 cells, human prostate cancer PC-3 cells, human liver cancer Bel-7402 cells and drug-resistant human liver cancer Bel-7402/5-FU cells with IC50 values of 7.83 μM, 3.97 μM, 0.77 μM and 2.07 μM, respectively. Additionally, high selectivity with selectivity index over 130 was also observed from cytotoxic evaluation between L-02 human normal liver cells and Bel-7402 malignant liver cells. Further studies on mechanism of action indicated that E2 induced both apoptosis and G1 phase cell cycle arrest in Bel-7402 hepatoma cells. Moreover, the dysfunction in mitochondrial pathway was also involved in E2 initiated apoptotic activation, which entailed the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential followed by upregulating the bax/bcl-2 ratio and increasing the expression of cytochrome c, p53, caspase-3 and -9. Overall, E2 has the potential to emerge as a promising drug candidate for cancer therapy.
- Gao, Xiang,Li, Jia,Wang, Mingying,Xu, Shengtao,Liu, Weiwei,Zang, Linghe,Li, Zhanlin,Hua, Huiming,Xu, Jinyi,Li, Dahong
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p. 588 - 598
(2018/02/09)
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- P-aminobenzene butyric acid preparation method
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The invention relates to a P-aminobenzene butyric acid preparation method. According to the method, alkyl-acyl aniline serves as raw materials, dichloroethane serves as a reaction solvent, a compound A is prepared by the aid of acylation reaction and acetone water recrystallization modes, P-aminobenzene butyric acid is prepared by the aid of Huang Minglong reaction according to the weight ratio of a solvent S and the compound A of 1:1, and the highest yield of end products reach 98%. The method cannot generate solid waste difficult to being treated and is environmentally friendly and stable in process and suitable for industrial production and high in yield, the purity of the prepared P-aminobenzene butyric acid is good, and the method assists in normal stable production of chlorambucil.
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Paragraph 0023; 0042; 0044
(2017/07/21)
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- A process for synthesizing phenylbutyric acid nitrogen mustard antineoplastic agent
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The invention relates to a synthesis process of an antineoplastic drug chlorambucil. The synthesis process comprises the following steps: (1) amino protection reaction; (2) acylation reaction; (3) reduction reaction; (4) carboxyl protection reaction; (5) substitution reaction; (6) chlorination reaction; and (7) deprotection reaction. According to the synthesis process, the amino group is protected by use of acetic anhydride, and then acylation, reduction, carboxyl protection, substitution, chlorination and aqueous hydrochloric acid solution hydrolysis are performed to obtain the chlorambucil. The synthesis process of the antineoplastic drug chlorambucil has the characteristics of low cost, mild reaction conditions, low toxicity, convenience in process operation, and suitability for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0032-0033; 0043-0044
(2018/02/04)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel sesquiterpene mustards as potential anticancer agents
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Several novel series of sesquiterpene mustards (SMs) bearing nitrogen mustard and glutathione (GSH)-reactive α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone groups were successfully prepared for the first time and showed excellent antiproliferative activities in vitro. Among them, compounds 2e and 2g displayed the highest antiproliferative properties with IC50 values ranging from 2.5 to 8.7 μM. The selectivity of these two compounds was evaluated by SRB method against human cancer and normal hepatic cells (HepG2 and L02). The induction of apoptosis and effects on the cell cycle distribution with compounds 2e and 2g were investigated by Hoechst 33,258 staining and flow cytometry, which exhibited that they could induce selective cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HepG2 and L02 cells. In addition, further investigation showed that compounds 2e and 2g could obviously inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells by inducing significant DNA cross-linking and depleting GSH in cell media. The good cytotoxicity and selectivity of compounds 2e and 2g pointed them as promising leads for anticancer drug design.
- Xu, Yuan-Zhen,Gu, Xue-Yan,Peng, Shou-Jiao,Fang, Jian-Guo,Zhang, Ying-Mei,Huang, De-Jun,Chen, Jian-Jun,Gao, Kun
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p. 284 - 297
(2015/03/30)
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- NOVEL MULTIMERIC MOLECULES, A PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE SAME AND THE USE THEREOF FOR MANUFACTURING MEDICINAL DRUGS
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The invention relates to a compound of the formula (I): in which k and j are independently 0 or 1, Y is a macrocycle in which the cycle includes 9 to 36 carbon atoms and is functionalised by three amino functions and by a chain for attaching the spacer arm Z via an X bond, Rc is a binding pattern with a receptor of the TNF superfamily, X is a chemical function for binding the Y group to the space arm, and Z is a bi-, tri- or tetra-functional spacer arm.
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- NOVEL MULTIMERIC CD40 LIGANDS, METHOD FOR PREPARING SAME AND USE THEREOF FOR PREPARING DRUGS
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The invention concerns a compound of formula (I), wherein Y represents a macrocycle whereof the cycle comprises 9 to 36 atoms, and is functionalized by three amine or COOH functions; Rc represents a group of formula H—Xa—Xb—Xc—Xd—Xe—(Xf)i—, wherein i represents 0 or 1, Xn is in particular selected among lysine, arginine, ornithine residues, Xb is in particular selected among glycine, asparagine, L-proline or D-proline residues, Xc et Xd are in particular selected among tyrosine, phenylalanine or 3-nitrotyrosine residues, Xe et Xf are in particular selected among the following amino acid residues: NH2—(CH2)n—COOH, n ranging from 1 to 10 or NH2—(CH2—CH2—O)m—CH2CH2COOH, m ranging from 3 to 6, provided that one at least of the amino acid residues Xa, Xb, Xc and Xd is different from the corresponding amino acid in the sequence of the natural CD40 143Lys-Gly-Tyr-Tyr146 fragment
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- Compositions and methods for enhanced mucosal delivery of Y2 receptor-binding peptides and methods for treating and preventing obesity
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Pharmaceutical compositions and methods are described comprising at least one Y2 receptor-binding peptide, such as peptide YY(PYY), Neuropeptide Y (NPY) or Pancreatic Peptide (PP) and one or more mucosal delivery-enhancing agents for enhanced nasal mucosal delivery of the peptide YY, for treating a variety of diseases and conditions in mammalian subjects, including obesity.
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- Novel tropane-based irreversible ligands for the dopamine transporter
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3α-(Diphenylmethoxy)tropane (benztropine) and its analogues are tropane ring-containing dopamine uptake inhibitors that display binding and behavioral profiles that are distinct from cocaine. We previously prepared a benztropine-based photoaffinity label [125I]-(N-[4-(4′-azido-3′-iodophenyl)butyl]- 3α-[bis(4′-fluorophenyl)methoxy]tropane, [125I]1, that covalently attached to the 1-2 transmembrane spanning region of the dopamine transporter (DAT). This was in contrast to the 4-7 transmembrane spanning region labeled by a cocaine-based photoaffinity label, [125I] 2 (RTI 82). To characterize further these different binding domains, photoaffinity ligands that had the 4′-azido-3′-iodophenyl substituent extended from the same position on the tropane ring were desirable. Thus, identification of the optimal alkyl linker between this substituent and the tropane nitrogen in the benztropine series was investigated to ultimately prepare the identical N-substituted analogue of 2. In this pursuit, the N-[4-(4′-azido-3′-iodophenyl)propyl] analogue of 3α-[bis(4′-fluorophenyl)methoxy]tropane (9a) was synthesized as well as two isothiocyanate analogues that do not require photoactivation (10a,b) for irreversible binding. The synthesis of these target compounds was achieved using a modification of the strategy developed for 1. Evaluation of these compounds for displacing [3H]WIN 35 428 binding at DAT in rat caudate putamen revealed that the 4′-azido-3′-iodophenylbutyl substituent, found in 1, provided optimal binding affinity and was chosen to replace the N-CH3 group on 2. Both the 4′-azido-3′-iodophenyl- and the 4′-isothiocyanatophenylbutyl analogues of 2 (25 and 26, respectively) were synthesized. Both products bound to DAT with comparable potency (IC50 = 30 nM) to RTI 82 (2). In addition, compound 26 demonstrated wash-resistant displacement of [3H]WIN 35 428 in HEK 293 cells stably transfected with hDAT. These ligands will provide important tools for further characterizing the binding domains for tropane-based dopamine uptake inhibitors at the DAT.
- Zou,Kopajtic,Katz,Wirtz,Justice Jr.,Newman
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p. 4453 - 4461
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and biological characterization of SQBAzide, a novel biotinylated photoaffinity probe for the study of the human platelet thromboxane A2 receptor
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SQBAzide, a biotinylated, azido derivative of the TXA2 receptor antagonist, SQ31,491, was synthesized and characterized. The compound specifically inhibited human platelet aggregation mediated by TXA2 receptor activation and irreversibly labeled platelet TXA2 receptors upon exposure to ultraviolet light. This probe should prove to be of significant value for the study of the receptor-ligand binding domain.
- Halmos, Therese,Turek, Joseph W.,Le Breton, Guy C.,Antonakis, Kostas
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p. 2963 - 2968
(2007/10/03)
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- Kinetics and Mechanism of the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Pentachlorophenyl ω-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)alkanoates
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A kinetic study of the alkaline hydrolysis of pentachlorophenyl esters of ω-(p-hydroxyphenyl)alkanoic acids 3 shows that the dissociative route involving a spirodienone intermediate is not a feasible alternative to the normal associative BAC2 pathway.
- Cevasco, Giorgio,Thea, Sergio
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p. 269 - 272
(2007/10/03)
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- SULPHONAMIDO CONTAINING PHENYLALKANOIC ACIDS AS THROMBOXANE A2 ANTAGONISTS
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Phenylalkanoic acids containing a sulphonamido group, and their use in a method of treatment of thromboxane-A 2 mediated diseases are disclosed. A compound of the invention is 4-[4-(phenyl-sulphonamido) phenyl]butyric acid.
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- Biologically active compounds
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Compounds of the formula (I): and salts, esters and amides thereof, wherein R1 is phenyl optionally substituted by one or more substituents chosen from halogen, C1 4alkyl, C1 6acyl, C1 4alkoxy, nitro and trifluoromethyl; and A is an acyclic hydro-carbon group having from 2 to 4 linear carbon atoms, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and their use in therapy in the treatment of thromboxane mediated diseases.
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- 1-Aryl-3-(2-chloroethyl) ureas: Synthesis and in vitro assay as potential anticancer agents
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1-Aryl-3-(2-chlorethyl) ureas and 1-aryl-3-nitrose-3-(2-chloroethyl) ureas, derived from 4-phenylbutyric acid and alkylanillines, were synthesized and their cytotoxicity was evaluated on human adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Methyl 4-[p-[3-(2-chloroethyl)ureido]-phenyl]butyrate, 4-methyl [3-(2-chloroethyl)ureido]benzene, and 4-butyl[3-(2-chloroethyl)ureido]benzene were found to be at least as cytotoxic as 4-[p-[bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butyric acid (chlorambucil), while their N-nitrose derivatives were inactive.
- Gaudreault,lacroix,Page,Joly
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p. 185 - 187
(2007/10/02)
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