- The synthesis of 13C6-labeled L-thyronine, 3,5-diiodothyronine, 3,3′,5-triiodothyroacetic acid and 3,3′,5,5′-tetraiodothyroacetic acid
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The effects of thyroid hormone metabolites (THMs) other than T3, rT3 and T4 are largely unknown, partially due to the lack of adequate methods. For adequate analysis, internal standards for all THMs are essential, but unfortunately not commercially available. Reported approaches for the synthesis of T0, 3,5-T2, TA3 and TA4 lack sensitivity and/or are not adaptable for 13C6-labeled analogues. In this paper, we describe the synthesis of four 13C6-labeled THMs, T0-13C6, 3,5-T2-13C6, TA3-13C6, TA4-13C6. Starting with 13C6-bromo-benzene, a short and versatile synthesis route was developed in which the formation of the diphenyl ether by a Chan-Lam coupling reaction was fundamental.
- Pilzak, Gregor S.,Jongejan, Rutchanna M.S.,van den Bergh, Toine,Peeters, Robin P.,Meulemans, Tommi,de Rijke, Yolanda B.
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- Synthesis of [13C6]-labelled phenethylamine derivatives for drug quantification in biological samples
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The availability of high-quality 13C-labelled internal standards will improve accurate quantification of narcotics and drugs in biological samples. Thus, the synthesis of 10 [13C6]-labelled phenethylamine derivatives, namely amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine, 4-methoxyamphetamine, 4-methoxymethamphetamine, 3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine 4-bromo-2,5- dimethoxyphenethylamine and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine, have been undertaken. [13C6]-Phenol proved to be an excellent starting material for making 13C-labelled narcotic substances in the phenethylamine class, and a developed Stille-type coupling enabled an efficient synthesis of the 3,4-methylenedioxy and 4-methoxy derivatives. The pros and cons of alternative routes and transformations are also discussed. The [ 13C6]-labelled compounds are intended for use as internal standards in forensic analysis, health sciences and metabolomics studies by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Copyright
- Karlsen, Morten,Liu, Huiling,Berg, Thomas,Johansen, Jon Eigill,Hoff, Bard Helge
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p. 378 - 387
(2014/06/10)
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