- Reactions of Tris(dialkylamino)phosphines with Carbonyl Compounds
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The reactions of hexamethylphosphorous triamide and some cyclic analogues with anhydrides, acid chorides, and esters are reported.A mechanism is postulated which involves nucleophilic attack of trivalent phosphorus upon the carbonyl carbon, followed by phosphorane formation and a concerted fragmentation to products.
- Hargis, J. H.,Mattson, G. A.
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Read Online
- ADAMANTYLMETHYLAMINE DERIVATIVE AND USE THEREOF AS PHARMACEUTICAL
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The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a cognitive disease or disorder, comprising a compound represented by Formula (I), an enantiomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
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Paragraph 0149-0150
(2020/07/02)
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- Visible light-induced transformation of aldehydes to esters, carboxylic anhydrides and amides
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A transition metal- and organophotocatalyst free synthesis of esters, carboxylic anhydrides and amides from aldehydes induced by visible-light has been reported. The proposed methodology can be carried out by the use of sunlight or artificial visible light as a blue LED source. The methodology has a very broad applicability and the desired products are obtained in very satisfactory yields.
- Gaspa, Silvia,Raposo, Inês,Pereira, Leonor,Mulas, Gabriele,Ricci, Pier Carlo,Porcheddu, Andrea,De Luca, Lidia
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supporting information
p. 10711 - 10715
(2019/07/15)
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- PPh3/Selectfluor-Mediated Transformation of Carboxylic Acids into Acid Anhydrides and Acyl Fluorides and Its Application in Amide and Ester Synthesis
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By taking the advantage of PPh3/Selectfluor system, carboxylic acids are efficiently converted into the pivotal intermediates acyloxyphosphonium ions that can selectively react with a second carboxylic acid or fluoride to in situ yield the corresponding acid anhydrides or acyl fluorides. The developed protocol features commercially availabile reagents, no involvement of base, room temperature conditions, and simple experimental procedure. Additionally, various amides or esters are readily achieved, respectively, with the addition of amines or alcohols.
- Yang, Zhen,Chen, Siwei,Yang, Fang,Zhang, Chenxi,Dou, You,Zhou, Qiuju,Yan, Yizhe,Tang, Lin
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p. 5998 - 6002
(2019/08/21)
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- METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBOXYLIC ACID ANHYDRIDE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTER
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Provided is a production method whereby corresponding carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid esters can be obtained at high yield from various carboxylic acids even without a solvent and near room temperature. A method for producing a carboxylic acid anhydride represented by formula (II), the method comprising reacting a compound represented by formula (I) and a carboxylic acid in the presence of a Group II metal compound having an ionic ligand containing an oxygen atom. A method for producing a carboxylic acid ester, the method comprising reacting a carboxylic acid anhydride produced by the aforementioned method and an alcohol. In formula (I), R1 represents a C1-20 hydrocarbon group. In formula (II), R2 represents a C1-20 hydrocarbon group.
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Paragraph 0076
(2017/04/18)
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- Metal-free oxidative self-coupling of aldehydes or alcohols to symmetric carboxylic anhydrides
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A metal-free synthesis of symmetrical anhydrides has been developed starting from aldehydes, both aliphatic and aromatic or primary benzylic alcohols. The reaction occurs at room temperature and makes use of trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) as an oxidant providing the desired carboxylic anhydrides in satisfactory yields.
- Gaspa, Silvia,Porcheddu, Andrea,De Luca, Lidia
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supporting information
p. 2533 - 2536
(2017/06/13)
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- Anhydrides from aldehydes or alcohols via oxidative cross-coupling
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A novel type of metal-free oxidative cross-coupling for the synthesis of symmetrical and mixed anhydrides from aldehydes or benzylic alcohols has been developed. The aldehydes or alcohols were converted in situ into their corresponding acyl chlorides, which were then reacted with an array of carboxylic acids. The methodology has a general applicability, and was successfully employed to prepare either aromatic or aliphatic symmetrical anhydrides and mixed anhydrides, which are very unstable compounds.
- Gaspa, Silvia,Amura, Ida,Porcheddu, Andrea,De Luca, Lidia
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supporting information
p. 931 - 939
(2017/02/10)
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- One for Many: A Universal Reagent for Acylation Processes
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This work describes acylation reactions facilitated by a type of heterocycle-based acyl transfer agent, 2-acyloxypyridazinone. Reactions of 2-acyloxypyridazinone with carboxylic acids yield mixed carbonic anhydride intermediates, which are reactive and could be coupled with a wide range of substrates including acids, amines, alcohols, and thiols. The wide substrate scope, ease of operation (no additive or catalyst), storage and handling stability, and atom-efficiency from recycling the heterocycle carrier make the reported acylating agent attractive for acylation-based coupling reactions.
- Moon, Hyun Kyung,Sung, Gi Hyeon,Kim, Bo Ram,Park, Jong Keun,Yoon, Yong-Jin,Yoon, Hyo Jae
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supporting information
p. 1725 - 1730
(2016/06/09)
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- Alcohol cross-coupling for the kinetic resolution of diols via oxidative esterification
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We present an organocatalytic C-O-bond cross-coupling strategy to kinetically resolve racemic diols with aromatic and aliphatic alcohols, yielding enantioenriched esters. This one-pot protocol utilizes an oligopeptide multicatalyst, m-CPBA as the oxidant, and N,N-diisopropylcarbodiimide as the activating agent. Racemic acyclic diols as well as trans-cycloalkane-1,2-diols were kinetically resolved, achieving high selectivities and good yields for the products and recovered diols.
- Hofmann, Christine,Schümann, Jan M.,Schreiner, Peter R.
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p. 1972 - 1978
(2015/02/19)
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- Direct inter- and intramolecular addition of amides to arylalkenes promoted by KOt-Bu/DMF
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Direct addition of tetrahydroisoquinoline derived amides to arylalkenes has been achieved in the presence of KOt-Bu/DMF. Both intermolecular and intramolecular reactions could occur in good yields. α-Amido alkyl radicals are proposed to be generated under the reaction conditions. The reaction is efficient for the synthesis of seven-membered nitrogen heterocycles. A homoprotoberberine was prepared conveniently via this method.
- Wang, Wei-Juan,Zhao, Xu,Tong, Lang,Chen, Jia-Hua,Zhang, Xue-Jing,Yan, Ming
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p. 8557 - 8565
(2015/01/08)
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- Organocatalytic oxidation of aldehydes to mixed anhydrides
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TEMPO catalyzes the direct oxidation of aldehydes to mixed anhydrides in the presence of a carboxylic acid. The anhydrides can be converted in situ to esters, secondary, tertiary or Weinreb amides in high yield. Oxidation of the aldehyde directly to 2-propyl esters is also possible using only catalytic amounts of acid. The oxidation reactions are rapid and take place under mild conditions.
- Toledo, Hila,Pisarevsky, Evgeni,Abramovich, Adi,Szpilman, Alex M.
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supporting information
p. 4367 - 4369
(2013/06/05)
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- Zinc(0)/dimethylformamide-mediated synthesis of symmetrical carboxylic anhydrides from acid chlorides
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The high yielding synthesis of symmetrical carboxylic anhydrides from acid chlorides mediated by zinc dust in the presence of dimethylformamide is presented. A mechanism involving the reductive insertion of zinc(0) into the C-Cl bond of a Vilsmeier-type iminium intermediate as the crucial step is also proposed.
- Serieys, Audrey,Botuha, Candice,Chemla, Fabrice,Ferreira, Franck,Pérez-Luna, Alejandro
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p. 5322 - 5323
(2008/12/22)
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- Reaction of dicarbonates with carboxylic acids catalyzed by weak Lewis acids: General method for the synthesis of anhydrides and esters
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The reaction between carboxylic acids (RCOOH) and dialkyl dicarbonates [(R1OCO)2O], in the presence of a weak Lewis acid such as magnesium chloride and the corresponding alcohol (R1OH) as the solvent, leads to the esters RCOOR1 in excellent yields. The mechanism involves a double addition of the acid to the dicarbonate, affording a carboxylic anhydride [(RCO)2O], R1OH and carbon dioxide. The esters arise from the attack of the alcohols on the anhydrides. Exploiting the lesser reactivity of tert-butyl alcohol in comparison with other alcohols, a clean synthesis of both carboxylic anhydrides and esters has been set up. In the former reaction, an acid/Boc2O molecular ratio of 2:1 leads to the anhydride in good to excellent yields, depending on the stability of the resulting anhydride to the usual workup conditions. In the latter reaction, stoichiometric mixtures of the acid and Boc2O are allowed to react with a twofold excess of a primary alcohol, secondary alcohol or phenol (R 2OH) to give the corresponding esters (RCOOR2). Purification of the products is particularly easy since all byproducts are volatile or water soluble. A very easy chromatography is required only in the case of nonvolatile alcohols. A broad variety of sensitive functional groups is tolerated on both the acid and the alcohol, in particular a high chemoselectivity is observed. In fact, no transesterification processes occur with the acid-sensitive acetoxy group and methyl esters. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Bartoli, Giuseppe,Bosco, Marcella,Carlone, Armando,Dalpozzo, Renato,Marcantoni, Enrico,Melchiorre, Paolo,Sambri, Letizia
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p. 3489 - 3496
(2008/09/19)
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- PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ACID ANHYDRIDE
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According to the present invention there is provided a process for producing an acid anhydride by reacting a carboxylic acid, preferably a carboxylic acid having a polymerizable group, with a sulfonyl halide compound in the presence of a tertiary amine or in the presence of a tertiary amine and an inorganic base, wherein the tertiary amine or the tertiary amine and the inorganic base are used in an amount of 0.9 to 1.2 equivalents relative to the acid generated from the sulfonyl halide compound.
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Page 10-12; 14
(2008/06/13)
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- Reaction of chlorides of phosphoric, sulfonic, and carboxylic acids on solid potassium carbonate surface under PTC circumstances
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Simple syntheses of phosphoric (4) and carboxylic (6) acid anhydrides have been elaborated by means of solid potassium carbonate in phase-transfer catalytic acylation. Behavior of various acid chlorides, phosphoric (1), sulfonic (2), and carboxylic (8), have also been studied toward potassium carbonate in the presence of lipophilic quaternary ammonium salt.
- Jaszay, Zsuzsa M.,Petnehazy, Imre,Toe, Laszlo
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p. 447 - 450
(2007/10/03)
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- Imaging of drug accumulation as a guide to antitumor therapy
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The use of radio-labeled antitumor drugs in the treatment of solid tumors by the method of administering a radio-labeled anticancer drug to a patient and imaging at least a part of the patient using Positron Emission Tomography imaging is described. The method can be used to monitor delivery of antitumor drugs to tumors, to predict the effectiveness of therapy with a particular antitumor drug or combination of antitumor drugs, to assess the effectiveness of modulators of cellular accumulation, to individualize therapy and to evaluate the effectiveness of antitumor drugs with respect to particular cancers. Particularly preferred drugs are labeled taxanes, e.g., 11C-paclitaxel and 11C-docetaxel, labeled anthracyclines, e.g., 11C-doxorubicin and 11C-epirubicin, and other radiolabeled drugs, e.g. 11C-topotecan, 11C-SN-38, and 11C-imatinib. The invention further describes antitumor drugs labeled with the radioactive label 11C and methods of preparing radio-labeled drugs.
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- Method of preparing a benzofuran or benzothiophene compound
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The invention concerns a novel method for preparing a benzofuran or benzothiophene compound by cyclizing an aromatic compound bearing a side-chain comprising at least two carbon atoms, one of the carbon atoms being bound to the benzene cycle by an oxygen or sulphur atom, the other carbon atom is in carboxylic form and a formyl radical in ortho position relative to said chain. The inventive method is characterised in that it consists in cyclizing the latter in the presence of an efficient amount of a carbonate base in a medium comprising a carboxylic acid anhydride and optionally an organic solvent.
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- Application of lanthanide catalysis in the penicillin to cephalosporin conversion
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seco-Penicillin sulfinyl carboxylates and chlorides were cyclized to produce the corresponding 3-methylenecepham systems, intermediates for cephalosporin antibiotic manufacture, either under thermal or ytterbium(III) triflate catalyzed conditions.
- Barrett, Anthony G.M,Christopher Braddock,Cooper, Robin D.G,Henschke, Julian P
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p. 8313 - 8319
(2007/10/03)
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- Direct hydrogenation of carboxylic acids to corresponding aldehydes catalyzed by palladium complexes
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A variety of carboxylic acids can be directly hydrogenated into the corresponding aldehydes in high yields by using homogeneous catalysts such as [Pd(PPh3)4] or combination of Pd(OAc)2 with tertiary phosphines in the presence of an excess amount of 2,2-dimethylpropionic anhydride (pivalic anhydride). As a typical example, octanoic acid can be convened into octanal in 99% yield in 3 h at 80 °C under 3.0 MPa of H2 in acetone in the presence of pivalic anhydride and a catalyst system composed of Pd(OAc)2 + 5P(p-tol)3. Such hydrogenation is widely applicable to various aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic carboxylic acids as well as to di- and tribasic carboxylic acids. The process allows the presence of other functional groups such as ketonic carbonyl, nitrile, and ester groups and even internal C=C bonds. Heterogeneous palladium catalyst such as palladium on carbon also showed some catalytic activities.
- Nagayama,Shimizu,Yamamoto
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p. 1803 - 1815
(2007/10/03)
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- 2-Chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride. 1. A powerful dehydrating equivalent to DCC
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2-Chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride (DMC) (3) can act as a powerful dehydrating agent, replacing DCC (1) under nearly neutral conditions. Its application to acylation and dehydration is described.
- Isobe, Toshio,Ishikawa, Tsutomu
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p. 6984 - 6988
(2007/10/03)
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- Carboxylic sulfonic mixed anhydrides: General utility and application to the synthesis of ceftazidime
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A high-yielding acylation process which utilizes a mixed anhydride of the type RCO2SO2CH3 for the synthesis of the cephalosporin ceftazidime is detailed. The mixed anhydride is conveniently prepared by addition of methanesulfonyl chloride to the triethylammonium salt of the acid 2a. Although known for some time, these anhydrides have not been used often in acylations. This lack of general utility is explained by side reactions, especially formation of the carboxylic symmetric anhydride in sterically unhindered systems.
- Wirth
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p. 1535 - 1540
(2007/10/02)
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- Novel Efficient Synthesis of 1-Ethoxyvinyl Esters Using Ruthenium Catalysts and Their Use in Acylation of Amines and Alcohols: Synthesis of Hydrophilic 3'-N-Acylated Oxaunomycin Derivatives
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A novel and efficient synthesis of 1-ethoxyvinyl esters 3a-i from carboxylic acids 4a-i and ethoxyacetylene 5 by using a catalytic amount of ruthenium complex 2> 6f has been developed.These reagents reacted smoothly with amines and alcohols to give the corresponding N- and O-acylated compounds in excellent yields.This acylation method has been applied to the synthesis of hydrophilic 3'-N-acylated oxaunomycin derivatives 13a,b.
- Kita, Yasuyuki,Maeda, Hiroshi,Omori, Kana,Okuno, Takayuki,Tamura, Yasumitsu
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p. 2999 - 3006
(2007/10/02)
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- Ozonolyses of α-Oxo-alkenes: On the Existence of α-Oxo-ozonides
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Ozonolyses of nine acyclic (1a-i) and two cyclic (14, 29) α-oxo-alkenes on polyethylene or in pentane afforded in eight cases (1d-i, 14, 29) isolable α-oxo-ozonides. α-Diozonides (9) are obtained from five of the acyclic α-oxo-alkenes (1a, b, d, g, h).All isolated ozonides are labile; the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones of the α-oxo-ozonides, however, are very stable.Decomposition of the α-oxo-ozonides affords not only the hitherto known fragments, but non-peroxidic isomers (8) of the ozonides, too.
- Griesbaum, Karl,Greunig, Hans-Joachim,Volpp, Willi,Jung, In-Chan
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p. 947 - 956
(2007/10/02)
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- Solvolysis of N-(Chlorosulfinyl)diarylketimines
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N-(Chlorosulfinyl)diarylketimines 1a - c readily react with alcohols, phenols and thiophenol to give good yields of dialkyl sulfites, diaryl sulfites and dithiosulfites, respectively, besides (diarylmethylene)ammonium chlorides 3a - c.The reactions of 1a with water and carboxylic acids have also been studied.
- Al-Talib, Mahmoud,Tashtoush, Hasan
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p. 611 - 612
(2007/10/02)
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- Hydroxy protection groups
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The present invention concerns a method for preparing unprotected hydroxy compounds or acylated derivatives thereof by conversion of silyl alkyl-protected hydroxy compounds. The invention also relates to novel intermediates useful in the method and for other purposes.
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- Process for producing di-tertiary-butyl dicarbonate
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A process for producing di-tert-butyl dicarbonate which comprises reacting a monoalkali metal mono-tert-butyl carbonate with phosgene or trichloromethyl chloroformate in the presence of a tertiary amine in an organic solvent. It provides a higher yield of product and more productive on a commercial scale, because of the shorter reaction step.
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- A NEW SYNTHESIS OF CARBOXYLIC AND CARBONIC ACID ANHYDRIDES USING PHASE TRANSFER REACTIONS
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Acyl chlorides and alkylchloroformates smoothly reacted with one molar equivalent of sodium hydroxide, using liquid-liquid phase transfer conditions to afford high yields of the corresponding symmetrical carboxylic and carbonic hemiester anhydrides.Unstable anhydrides such as 4-nitrobenzoic, 2-furoic and methacrylic anhydrides, which are otherwise difficult to obtain, were easily prepared by this method.The reaction mechanism does not seem to involve intermediate hydrolysis of half the acid chloride into the corresponding sodium carboxylate.
- Plusquellec, Daniel,Roulleau, Fabienne,Lefeuvre, Martine,Brown, Eric
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p. 2471 - 2476
(2007/10/02)
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- Phase-Managed Organic Synthesis. A New Synthesis of Mixed Formic Anhydrides
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Two new mixed formic anhydrides, cinnamic formic anhydride and formic 4-methoxybenzoic anhydride, can be prepared in high yield ( c.a. 80percent) from equimolar mixtures of sodium formate and the appropriate acid chloride with a solid-phase copolymer of pyridine 1-oxide as catalyst, and they exhibit excellent selectivity as formylating agents of alcohols and amines
- Fife, Wilmer K.,Zhang, Zhi-dong
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p. 3744 - 3746
(2007/10/02)
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- PHASE MANAGED ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 2. A NEW POLYMER ASSISTED SYNTHESIS OF ACID ANHYDRIDES.
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A solid-phase copolymer of 4-vinylpyridine is shown to be a highly effective reagent/catalyst for the synthesis of acid anhydrides from mixtures containing equimolar quantities of carboxylic acid and acid chlorides.The process may be carried out in batch or column mode.
- Fife, Wilmer K.,Zhang, Zhi-dong
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p. 4933 - 4936
(2007/10/02)
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- A Simple and Mild Esterification Method for Carboxylic Acids Using Mixed Carboxylic-Carbonic Anhydrides
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A simple and mild esterification method using mixed carboxylic-carbonic anhydrides has been developed.Simple aliphatic carboxylic esters are prepared in high yields by the reaction of acids with equimolar amounts of chloroformates (2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate is an exception) and triethylamine in the presence of a catalytic amount of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine.Although aromatic acids give a mixture of the ester, the acid anhydride, and the carbonate under normal conditions utilized in this study, it is found that increasing the amount of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine drastically decreases the formation of the acid anhydride and the carbonate, affording a satisfactory yield of the ester.This method reaches a limit with sterically hindered acids and the formation of the acid anhydride and the carbonate is favored.
- Kim, Sunggak,Lee, Jae In,Kim, Youn Chul
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p. 560 - 565
(2007/10/02)
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- REACTION OF DIPHENYLKETENE N-(p-TOLYL)IMINE WITH CARBOXYLIC ACIDS IN THE PRESENCE OF ARYLAMINES
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The reaction of diphenylketene p-tolylimine with carboxylic acids in aprotic organic solvents is accelerated by primary arylamines.The reaction rate is described by overall kinetic equation including calalytic and noncatalytic path.Additions of pyridine greatly retard the reaction.The proposal according to which the catalytic reaction takes place through a cyclic transition state, formed from the ketene imine and the complex of the carboxylic acid with the amine, was substantiated.
- Mironova, D. F.,Loginova, N. A.
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p. 2344 - 2348
(2007/10/02)
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- DI-2-PYRIDYL CARBONATE: A NEW EFFICIENT COUPLING AGENT FOR THE DIRECT ESTERIFICATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
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Reaction of carboxylic acids with equimolar amounts of di-2-pyridyl carbonate and alcohols or thiols in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine as a catalyst in methylene chloride at room temperature affords the corresponding esters in high yields under mild conditions.
- Kim, Sunggak,Lee, Jae In,Ko, Young Kwan
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p. 4943 - 4946
(2007/10/02)
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- Carboxydiphenyl Phosphane Sulfides
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Carboxydiphenyl phosphane sulfides (C6H5)2P(S)(OC(O)R) (2) (R = CH3 2a, C2H5 2b, C17H35 2c, (CH3)3C 2d, C6H5 2e) were prepared by reacting silver salts of carboxylic acids AgOC(O)R with (C6H5)2P(S)Cl (Scheme 1) or by treating carboxylic acids with (C6H5)2P(S)Cl in the presence of triethyl amine (Scheme 2) and spectroscopically characterized.Thermal stability and stability against hydrolysis of the mixed anhydrides is unusually high. - Key words: Carboxydiphenyl Phosphane Sulfides, Thermal Stability
- Hennig, Heinz-Werner,Sartori, Peter,Steinbrecht, Ulrich
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p. 284 - 289
(2007/10/02)
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- A NEW CONVENIENT METHOD FOR THE ESTERIFICATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
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Reaction of carboxylic acids with equimolar amounts of alkyl chloroformate and triethylamine in the presence of a catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine affords the corresponding esters in high yields without the formation of the symmetrical anhydride in most carboxylic acids.
- Kim, Sunggak,Kim, Youn Chul,Lee, Jae In
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p. 3365 - 3368
(2007/10/02)
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- One-pot Synthesis of Acid Anhydrides from Acids Using N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylchloroformamidinium Chloride under Mild Conditions
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N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylchloroformamidinium chloride reacted smoothly with a variety of carboxylic and phosphoric acids in the presence of a tertiary amine to give the corresponding acid anhydrides in high yields.
- Fujisawa, Tamotsu,Tajima, Kazuhisa,Sato, Toshio
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p. 3529 - 3530
(2007/10/02)
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- Esterification of Carboxylic Acids by Alcohols with 2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene as Condensing Agent
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When mixtures of carboxylic acids or their sodium salts and alcohols were treatment with 2-chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene in the presence of pyridine under mild conditions, the corresponding carboxylic esters were formed.The yields and the rates of the ester formation depended on the types of the acids and the alcohols used.
- Takimoto, Seiji,Inanaga, Junji,Katsuki, Tsutomu,Yamaguchi, Masaru
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p. 1470 - 1473
(2007/10/02)
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- Characterization of Intermediates in the Reaction of Ozone with Di-tert-butylacetylene. A Novel Pivaloylating System
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Reaction of di-tert-butylacetylene (1a) with ozone in -40 deg C aprotic solvents upon warming leads to pivalic anhydride, pivalil, and pivalic acid, with evolution of isobutane, isobutene, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.Spectral and chemical evidence indicated the presence of at least two labile intermediates in the reaction.Ozonolysis of the alkyne in the presence of compounds containing a hydroxyl function led to their pivaloyl derivatives with incorporation of both tert-butyl groups, probably via fragmentation of an adduct of ROH to an intermediate carbonyl oxide.
- Jenkins, Jerry A.,Mendenhall, G. David
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p. 3997 - 4000
(2007/10/02)
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