- 4-Aminopyridine derivatives with anticholinesterase and antiamnesic activity
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Several carbamate derivatives of 4-aminopyridine were synthesized and their anticholinesterase activity was evaluated. Compound 4d showed the highest inhibitory effect blocking non-competitively acetylcholinesterase and competitively butyrylcholinesterase
- Scipione, Luigi,De Vita, Daniela,Musella, Alessandra,Flammini, Lisa,Bertoni, Simona,Barocelli, Elisabetta
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- New pyridine derivatives as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and amyloid aggregation
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A new series of pyridine derivatives with carbamic or amidic function has been designed and synthesized to act as cholinesterase inhibitors. The synthesized compounds were tested toward EeAChE and hAChE and toward eqBChE and hBChE. The carbamate 8 was the most potent hAChE inhibitor (IC50 = 0.153 ± 0.016 μM) while the carbamate 11 was the most potent inhibitor of hBChE (IC50 = 0.828 ± 0.067 μM). A molecular docking study indicated that the carbamate 8 was able to bind AChE by interacting with both CAS and PAS, in agreement with the mixed inhibition mechanism. Furthermore, the carbamates 8, 9 and 11 were able to inhibit Aβ42 self-aggregation and possessed quite low toxicity against human astrocytoma T67 and HeLa cell lines, being the carbamate 8 the less toxic compound on both cell lines.
- Pandolfi, Fabiana,De Vita, Daniela,Bortolami, Martina,Coluccia, Antonio,Di Santo, Roberto,Costi, Roberta,Andrisano, Vincenza,Alabiso, Francesco,Bergamini, Christian,Fato, Romana,Bartolini, Manuela,Scipione, Luigi
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Read Online
- Novel 5-fluorouracil sensitizers for colorectal cancer therapy: Design and synthesis of S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2) antagonists
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) has been identified as a brand-new GPCR target for designing antagonists to reverse 5-FU resistance. We herein report the structural optimization and structure-activity relationship of JTE-013 derivatives as S1PR2 antagonists. Compound 9d was the most potent S1PR2 antagonist (KD = 34.8 nM) among developed compounds. Here, compound 9d could significantly inhibit the expression of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) to reverse 5-FU-resistance in HCT116DPD and SW620/5-FU cells. Further mechanism studies demonstrated that compound 9d not only inhibited S1PR2 but also affected the transcription of S1PR2. In addition, compound 9d also showed acceptable selectivity to normal cells (NCM460). Importantly, compound 9d with suitable pharmacokinetic properties could significantly reverse 5-FU-resistance in the HCT116DPD and SW620/5-FU xenograft models without obvious toxicity, in which the inhibition rates of 5-FU were increased from 23.97% to 65.29% and 27.23% to 60.81%, respectively. Further immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis also demonstrated that compound 9d significantly decreases the expression of DPD in tumor and liver tissues. These results indicated that compound 9d is a promising lead compound to reverse 5-FU-resistance for colorectal cancer therapy.
- Luo, Dongdong,Guo, Zhikun,Zhao, Xuecui,Wu, Lijuan,Liu, Xiaochun,Zhang, Yingzhi,Zhang, Yuhang,Deng, Zirong,Qu, Xianjun,Cui, Shuxiang,Wan, Shengbiao
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- DPD inhibitor as well as preparation method, pharmaceutical composition and application thereof
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The invention relates to a novel DPD expression inhibitor as well as a preparation method, a pharmaceutical composition and application thereof, and new application of an S1PR2 inhibitor compound, in particular to application of the S1PR2 inhibitor in inhibiting expression of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase DPD, especially application of the S1PR2 inhibitor in reversing drug resistance occurring when a fluorouracil drug is used for treating tumors.
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Paragraph 0480; 0496; 0503-0504
(2021/07/21)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 antagonists as potent 5-FU-resistance reversal agents for the treatment of colorectal cancer
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5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and its prodrugs are the essential clinical drugs for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. However, the drug resistance of 5-FU has caused high mortality of CRC patients. Thus, it is urgent to develop reversal agents of 5-FU resistance. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) was proved to be a potential target for reversing 5-FU resistance, but the activity of known S1PR2 antagonists JTE-013 were weak in 5-FU-resistant cell lines. To develop more potent S1PR2 antagonists to treat 5-FU-resistant cancer, a series of JTE-013 derivatives were designed and synthesized. The most promising compound 40 could markedly reverse the resistance in 5-FU-resistant HCT116 cells and 5-FU-resistant SW620 cells via inhibiting the expression of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). The key was that compound 40 with improved pharmacokinetic properties significantly increased the inhibitory rate of 5-FU in the SW620/5-FU cells xenograft model with no observable toxicity by inhibiting the expression of DPD in tumor and liver tissues. Altogether, these results suggest that compound 40 may be a promising drug candidate to reverse 5-FU resistance in the treatment of CRC.
- Luo, Dongdong,Zhang, Yuhang,Yang, Shuang,Tian, Xiaochen,Lv, Yan,Guo, Zhikun,Liu, Xiaochun,Han, Gaitian,Liu, Shuai,Wang, Wenyu,Cui, Shuxiang,Qu, Xianjun,Wan, Shengbiao
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- Preparation method of 4-amino-2,6-dichloropyridine
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The invention relates to a preparation method of a halogen-substituted pyridylamine compound, particularly to a preparation method of 4-amino-2,6-dichloropyridine, wherein 2,6-dihydroxy isonicotinic acid is used as a raw material and is subjected to chlorination reaction, Curtius rearrangement or further amine protection group removal to obtain the product. The method has the advantages of accessible raw materials, high yield and low impurity content, avoids the use of explosive reagent sodium azide, and can be further applied to industrial production.
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- S1PR2 inhibitors potently reverse 5-FU resistance by downregulating DPD expression in colorectal cancer
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In this study, S1PR2 was reckoned as a brand-new GPCR target for designing inhibitors to reverse 5-FU resistance. Herein a series of pyrrolidine pyrazoles as the S1PR2 inhibitors were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their activities of anti-FU-resistance. Among them, the most promising compound JTE-013, exhibited excellent inhibition on DPD expression and potent anti-FU-resistance activity in various human cancer cell lines, along with the in vivo HCT116DPD cells xenograft model, in which the inhibition rate of 5-FU was greatly increased from 13.01percent–75.87percent. The underlying mechanism was uncovered that JTE-013 demonstrated an anti-FU-resistance activity by blocking S1PR2 internalization to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which inhibited the degradation of 5-FU into α-fluoro-β-alanine (FBAL) by downregulating tumoral DPD expression. Overall, JTE-013 could serve as the lead compound for the discovery of new anti-FU-resistance drugs. Significance: This study provides novel insights that S1PR2 inhibitors could sensitize 5-FU therapy in colorectal cancer.
- Zhang, Yu-Hang,Luo, Dong-Dong,Wan, Sheng-Biao,Qu, Xian-Jun
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- New sphingosine 1-receptor antagonist
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The present invention relates to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors and compounds of the general formula: that are useful in the treatment and prevention of conditions associated with such receptors. More specifically, the present invention relates to the synthesis and use of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2) antagonists that are useful in the treatment of cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, and other inflammatory diseases. Among these inflammatory diseases that could be treated with these S1P2 antagonist are those characterized by fibrosis including chronic lung disease, chronic kidney and liver disease, chronic heart disease, and skin diseases such as sclerosis/scleroderma. The S1P2 antagonists can also be used in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (brain cancer), pediatric neuroblastoma, and other cancers.
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Paragraph 0049-0050; 0051
(2016/10/09)
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- NOVEL SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
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The present invention relates to sphingosine-1 -phosphate (S1 P) receptors and compounds of the general formula (1), that are useful in the treatment and prevention of conditions associated with such receptors. More specifically, the present invention relates to the synthesis and use of sphingosine 1 -phosphate receptor 2 (S1 P2) antagonists that are useful in the treatment of cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, and other inflammatory diseases. Among these inflammatory diseases that could be treated with these S1 P2 antagonist are those characterized by fibrosis including chronic lung disease, chronic kidney and liver disease, chronic heart disease, and skin diseases such as sclerosis/scleroderma. The S1 P2 antagonists can also be used in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (brain cancer), pediatric neuroblastoma, and other cancers.
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Page/Page column 24
(2014/10/15)
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- Optimization of Triazine Nitriles as Rhodesain Inhibitors: Structure-Activity Relationships, Bioisosteric Imidazopyridine Nitriles, and X-ray Crystal Structure Analysis with Human CathepsinL
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The cysteine protease rhodesain of Trypanosoma brucei parasites causing African sleeping sickness has emerged as a target for the development of new drug candidates. Based on a triazine nitrile moiety as electrophilic headgroup, optimization studies on the substituents for the S1, S2, and S3 pockets of the enzyme were performed using structure-based design and resulted in inhibitors with inhibition constants in the single-digit nanomolar range. Comprehensive structure-activity relationships clarified the binding preferences of the individual pockets of the active site. The S1 pocket tolerates various substituents with a preference for flexible and basic side chains. Variation of the S2 substituent led to high-affinity ligands with inhibition constants down to 2nM for compounds bearing cyclohexyl substituents. Systematic investigations on the S3 pocket revealed its potential to achieve high activities with aromatic vectors that undergo stacking interactions with the planar peptide backbone forming part of the pocket. X-ray crystal structure analysis with the structurally related enzyme human cathepsinL confirmed the binding mode of the triazine ligand series as proposed by molecular modeling. Sub-micromolar inhibition of the proliferation of cultured parasites was achieved for ligands decorated with the best substituents identified through the optimization cycles. In cell-based assays, the introduction of a basic side chain on the inhibitors resulted in a 35-fold increase in antitrypanosomal activity. Finally, bioisosteric imidazopyridine nitriles were studied in order to prevent off-target effects with unselective nucleophiles by decreasing the inherent electrophilicity of the triazine nitrile headgroup. Using this ligand, the stabilization by intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the thioimidate intermediate, formed upon attack of the catalytic cysteine residue, compensates for the lower reactivity of the headgroup. The imidazopyridine nitrile ligand showed excellent stability toward the thiol nucleophile glutathione in a quantitative invitro assay and fourfold lower cytotoxicity than the parent triazine nitrile.
- Ehmke, Veronika,Winkler, Edwin,Banner, David W.,Haap, Wolfgang,Schweizer, W. Bernd,Rottmann, Matthias,Kaiser, Marcel,Freymond, Celine,Schirmeister, Tanja,Diederich, Francois
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p. 967 - 975
(2013/07/27)
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- Synthesis and antifungal activity of a new series of 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)- 1-phenylethanol derivatives
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A new series of aromatic ester and carbamate derivatives of 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-phenylethanol were synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activity towards Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species strains. The aromatic biphenyl ester derivatives 6a-c were more active than the reference compound fluconazole. 6c possesses a MIC mean values of 1.7 ± 1.4 μg mL-1 vs C. albicans and 1.9 ± 2.0 μg mL -1 vs non-albicans Candida species strains. The racemic mixtures of 6a, b were purified to afford the pure enantiomers. The (-) isomers were up to 500 times more active than (+) isomers. (-)-6a and (-)-6b were thirty and ninety times more active than fluconazole towards C. krusei strain respectively. The racemates of 6a-c showed low cytotoxicity against human monocytic cell line (U937) with 6a demonstrating a CC50 greater than 128 μg mL -1.
- De Vita, Daniela,Scipione, Luigi,Tortorella, Silvano,Mellini, Paolo,Di Rienzo, Barbara,Simonetti, Giovanna,D'Auria, Felicia Diodata,Panella, Simona,Cirilli, Roberto,Di Santo, Roberto,Palamara, Anna Teresa
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experimental part
p. 334 - 342
(2012/04/10)
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- Titanocene(III)-catalyzed conversion of N-(epoxyalkyl)anilines into indolines
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Densely substituted indolines and azaindolines can be obtained by the titanocene(III) chloride catalyzed reductive opening of N-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl) anilines. The reaction optimization, substrate scope, and limitations are discussed, and a mechanistic pathway for the epoxideopening rearrangement is proposed. ARKAT-USA, Inc.
- MacIejewski, John P.,Wipf, Peter
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- Titanocene(III)-catalyzed formation of indolines and azaindolines
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Reductive cyclization of epoxides tethered to substituted anilines and aminopyridines in the presence of 3 mol % of titanocene dichloride and stoichiometric manganese metal promotes a radical annulation to form 3,3-disubstituted indolines and azaindolines.
- Wipf, Peter,Maciejewski, John P.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4383 - 4386
(2009/05/30)
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- N-(2,6-Disubstituted-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylureas
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N-(2,6-disubstituted 4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea compounds are plant growth regulators having potent cytokinin activity. N-(2,6-dichloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea is useful for regulating plant growth.
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