- Enantioselective Ni-Catalyzed Electrochemical Synthesis of Biaryl Atropisomers
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A scalable enantioselective nickel-catalyzed electrochemical reductive homocoupling of aryl bromides has been developed, affording enantioenriched axially chiral biaryls in good yield under mild conditions using electricity as a reductant in an undivided cell. Common metal reductants such as Mn or Zn powder resulted in significantly lower yields in the absence of electric current under otherwise identical conditions, underscoring the enhanced reactivity provided by the combination of transition metal catalysis and electrochemistry.
- Chen, Song,Chen, Yue-Gang,Gao, Pei-Sen,Liu, Dong,Ma, Hong-Xing,Mei, Tian-Sheng,Qiu, Hui,Shuai, Bin,Wang, Yun-Zhao
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supporting information
p. 9872 - 9878
(2020/06/27)
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- Method for preparing aryl primary amide by adopting metal-catalyzed one-pot method
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The invention discloses a method for synthesizing aryl primary amide by adopting a metal-catalyzed one-pot method. The method comprises the steps of: taking aryl bromidess as raw materials, allowing the aryl bromidess to react with a cyanide source under the action of a palladium catalyst, substituting bromine on an aromatic ring with cyano to obtain cyano aromatic hydrocarbon, directly adding anaqueous solution of alkali into the reaction solution without aftertreatment, and carrying out hydrolysis reaction to obtain aryl primary amide. Compared with the prior art, the method for preparing aryl primary amide from the aryl bromides has the advantages of the short synthesis route, fewer reaction steps, simple operation, mild conditions, the high conversion rate, low toxicity and industrialproduction potential.
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Paragraph 0033; 0034
(2020/04/06)
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- Nanocrystalline CeO2 as a Highly Active and Selective Catalyst for the Dehydration of Aldoximes to Nitriles and One-Pot Synthesis of Amides and Esters
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The dehydration of aldoximes into nitriles has been performed in the presence of various metal oxides with different acid-base properties (Al2O3, TiO2, CeO2, MgO). The results showed that a nanocrystalline CeO2 was the most active catalyst. An in situ IR spectroscopy study supports a polar elimination mechanism in the dehydration of aldoxime on metal oxide catalysts, in which Lewis acid sites and basic sites are involved. The Lewis acid sites intervene in the adsorption of the oxime on the catalyst surface while surface base sites are responsible for the C1-H bond cleavage. Thus, the acid-base properties of nanocrystalline CeO2 are responsible for the high catalytic activity and selectivity. A variety of aldoximes including alkyl and cycloalkyl aldoximes have been dehydrated into the corresponding nitriles in good yields (80-97%) using nanosized ceria which moreover resulted in a stable and reusable catalyst. Additionally, it has been showed that a variety of pharmacologically important products such as picolinamide and picolinic acid alkyl ester derivatives can be obtained in good yields from 2-pyridinaldoxime in a one-pot process using the nanoceria as catalyst.
- Rapeyko, Anastasia,Climent, Maria J.,Corma, Avelino,Concepción, Patricia,Iborra, Sara
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p. 4564 - 4575
(2016/07/12)
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- A 2-cyano-6-methyl pyridine preparation method (by machine translation)
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The aim of the invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a 2-cyano-6-methyl pyridine preparation method, which belongs to the technical field of synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates. The method is, will hydrobromidum and 2-amino-6-methyl pyridine mixed, heat insulation; and then cooling the solution, adding to the solution bromine Br 2, then maintain the low-temperature reaction; and then to the solution in the low temperature by adding sodium nitrite aqueous solution in the reaction; the end of the reaction the temperature of the reaction solution, adjusts pH value, then through steam distillation to obtain 2-bromo-6-methylpyridine; the cuprous cyanide and lithium bromide is added to the mass is 2-bromo-6-methylpyridine quality 2-5 times in DMF, after heating the solution, is added 2-bromo-6-methylpyridine, reaction of the; cooling the solution after the reaction, water, through the water vapor distillation to obtain the product. The security of operation of this method, low toxicity, high yield, is suitable for industrial production. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0030
(2016/10/07)
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- Synthesis of nitriles from aldehydes with trimethylphenylammonium tribromide and ammonium acetate
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Various aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes were easily converted to respective nitriles with the combination of trimethylphenylammonium tribromide and ammonium acetate in good yields at room temperature.
- Sayama, Shinsei
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p. 1796 - 1802
(2016/11/06)
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- Palladium(II)-catalyzed direct conversion of methyl arenes into aromatic nitriles
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From methyl to nitrile: A mild ammoxidation method, which directly converts methyl arenes into aromatic nitriles, has been developed by using Pd(OAc) 2 and N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as the catalysts, and tert-butyl nitrite as the nitrogen source and oxidant. Copyright
- Shu, Zhibin,Ye, Yuxuan,Deng, Yifan,Zhang, Yan,Wang, Jianbo
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supporting information
p. 10573 - 10576
(2013/10/21)
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- 2 - (PYRIDIN- 2 -YL) -QUINAZOLINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS MICROBICIDES
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Compounds of formula I wherein the other substituents R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as defined in claim 1, and their use as microbicides.
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Page/Page column 72
(2012/06/01)
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- Manganese oxide promoted liquid-phase aerobic oxidative amidation of methylarenes to monoamides using ammonia surrogates
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In the presence of amorphous MnO2, various methylarenes (even with two or more methyl groups) could be selectively converted into the corresponding primary monoamides in moderate to high yields. The observed catalysis was truly heterogeneous, and the retrieved amorphous MnO2 catalyst could be reused without an appreciable loss of its catalytic performance. Copyright
- Wang, Ye,Yamaguchi, Kazuya,Mizuno, Noritaka
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7250 - 7253
(2012/08/28)
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- AZABICYCLO [4.1.0] HEPT - 4 - YL DERIVATIVES AS HUMAN OREXIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
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This invention relates to azabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-4-yl derivatives and their use as pharmaceuticals.
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Page/Page column 46-47
(2012/07/14)
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- Development of Pd/C-catalyzed cyanation of Aryl halides
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A practical method for palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides using Pd/C is described. The new method can be applied to a variety of aryl bromide and active aryl chloride substrates to effect efficient conversions. The process features many advantages over existing cyanation conditions and the practical utility of the process has been demonstrated on scale.
- Yu, Hannah,Richey, Rachel N.,Miller, William D.,Xu, Jiansheng,May, Scott A.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 665 - 668
(2011/03/19)
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- Palladium acetate catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides using Buchwald's 2-(di-t-butylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl
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An application of Buchwald's 2-(di-t-butylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl 1 in palladium acetate catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides was developed. Using this ligand, aryl chlorides substituted with both electron donating or withdrawing groups afforded the desired cyano products in excellent yields. The corresponding aryl bromides gave higher yields within shorter time. Heteroaryl chlorides also reacted under the similar conditions to give the cyano products in excellent yields.
- Wang, Bei,Zhao, Rulin,Chen, Bang-Chi,Balasubramanian, Balu
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experimental part
p. 47 - 52
(2010/09/09)
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- Propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P): A remarkably efficient reagent for the one-pot transformation of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic aldehydes to nitriles
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Propylphosphonic anhydride has been demonstrated to be an efficient reagent for the transformation of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic aldehydes to respective nitriles in excellent yields. This procedure offers simple and one-pot access to nitriles and highlights the synthetic utility of T3P as a versatile reagent in organic chemistry. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart - New York.
- Augustine, John Kallikat,Atta, Rajendra Nath,Ramappa, Balakrishna Kolathur,Boodappa, Chandrakantha
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experimental part
p. 3378 - 3382
(2010/03/03)
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- A ferrous center as reaction site for hydration of a nitrile group into a carboxamide in mild conditions
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Mild conversion of the nitrile substituent into an amide functional group is observed upon coordination of CNTPA [CNTPA = (6-cyano 2-pyridylmethyl)bis(2-pyridylmethyle)amine] to FeCl2 followed by reaction with water. The crystal structure of CNTPAFeCl2 is reported and reveals that the nitrile group does not coordinate but is activated in the vicinity of the ferrous center. Upon treatment with water under anaerobic conditions, CNTPAFeCl2 converts into H2NCOTPAFeCl2, [H2NCOTPA = (6-carboxamido 2-pyridylmethyl)bis(2-pyridylmethyle)amine], the X-ray crystal structure of which is reported. The new ligand H2NCOTPA can easily be obtained upon decomplexation. Copyright
- Thallaj, Nasser K.,Przybilla, Juliette,Welter, Richard,Mandon, Dominique
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p. 2414 - 2415
(2008/09/18)
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- Mild and general methods for the palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides
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New methods for the palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides have been developed, featuring sterically demanding, electron-rich phosphines. Highly challenging electron-rich aryl chlorides, in addition to electron-neutral and electron-deficient substrates, as well as nitrogen- and sulfur-containing heteroaryl chlorides can all undergo efficient cyanation under relatively mild conditions using readily available materials. In terms of substrate scope and temperature, these methods compare very favorably with the state-of-the-art cyanations of aryl chlorides.
- Littke, Adam,Soumeillant, Maxime,Kaltenbach III, Robert F.,Cherney, Robert J.,Tarby, Christine M.,Kiau, Susanne
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p. 1711 - 1714
(2008/02/02)
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- 4-HETEROARYLMETHYL SUBSTITUTED PHTHALAZINONE DERIVATIVES
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A compound of formula (I): for use in treating cancer or other diseases ameliorated by the inhibition of PARP, wherein: A and B together represent an optionally substituted, fused aromatic ring; X can be NRx or CRxRy; if X=NRx then n is 1 or 2 and if X=CRxRy then n is 1; Rx is selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C1-20 alkyl, C5-20 aryl, C3-20 heterocyclyl, amido, thioamido, ester, acyl, and sulfonyl groups; Ry is selected from H, hydroxy, amino; or Rx and Ry may together form a spiro-C3-7 cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl group; RC1 and RC2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-4 alkyl, or when X is CRxRy, RC1, RC2, Rx and Ry, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, may form an optionally substituted fused aromatic ring; R1 is selected from H and halo; and Het is selected from: (i) formula (i), where Y1 is selected from CH and N, Y2 is selected from CH and N, Y3 is selected from CH, CF and N, where only one or two of Y1, Y2 and Y3 can be N; and (ii) formula (ii), where Q is O or S.
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Page/Page column 44
(2008/06/13)
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- 1,3-BENZOTHIAZINONE DERIVATIVES AND USE THEREOF
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This invention provides a compound represented by the formula (I) :wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, hydroxy, nitro, optionally halogenated alkyl, alkoxy optionally having substituents, acyl or amino optionally having substituents;R2 is pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, quinolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolyl, tetrahydroquinolyl or thiazolyl, each of which may have substituents;n is 1 or 2; or a salt. And this invention provides a safe pharmaceutical comprising the compound of the formula (I) , which has an excellent apoptosis inhibitory effect and MIF binding effect, for preventing and/or treating heart disease, nervous degenerative disease, cerebrovascular disease, central nervous infectious disease, traumatorathy, demyelinating disease, bone and articular disease, kidney disease, liver disease, osteomyelodysplasia, AIDS, cancer, and the like.
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- 1, 2, 5, 10-tetrahydropyridazino[4,5-b]quinoline-1,10-diones and their use for the treatment of pain
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Compounds according to structural diagram (I) are disclosed, wherein R1, A, E and D are as defined in the specification. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pain-ameliorating effective amount of a compound in accord with structural diagram (I).
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- Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: Heteroaryl modified 1,2-diarylimidazoles are potent, orally active antiinflammatory agents
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A series of heteroaryl modified 1,2-diarylimidazoles has been synthesized and found to be potent and highly selective (1000-9000-fold) inhibitors of the human COX-2.3-Pyridyl derived COX-2 selective inhibitor (25) exhibited excellent activity in acute (carrageenan induced paw edema, ED50 = 5.4 mg/kg) and chronic (adjuvant induced arthritis, ED50 = 0.25 mg/kg) models of inflammation. The relatively long half-life of 25 in rat and dog prompted investigation of the pyridyl and other heteroaromatic systems containing potential metabolic functionalities. A number of substituted pyridyl and thiazole containing compounds (e.g., 44, 46, 54, 76, and 78) demonstrated excellent oral activity in every efficacy model evaluated. Several orally active diarylimidazoles exhibited desirable pharmacokinetics profiles and showed no GI toxicity in the rat up to 100 mg/kg in both acute and chronic models. The paper describes facile and practical syntheses of the targeted diarylimidazoles. The structure-activity relationships and antiinflammatory properties of a series of diarylimidazoles are discussed.
- Khanna,Yu,Huff,Weier,Xu,Koszyk,Collins,Cogburn,Isakson,Koboldt,Masferrer,Perkins,Seibert,Veenhuizen,Yuan,Yang,Zhang
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p. 3168 - 3185
(2007/10/03)
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- An Improved Synthesis of Homoproline and Derivatives
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An improved, general synthesis of substituted homoprolines has been developed by using readily available substituted pyridines (1).A key step in this synthetic procedure involves the known conversion of pyridine-N-oxides to 2-cyanopyridines (3) in nearly quantitative yields.The resulting nitriles are hydrolyzed to the corresponding pyridine-2-carboxylic acids (4).Subsequent reduction of the aromatic ring with PtO2/H2 gives the homoprolines (5) in good yields as racemic cis isomers.This procedure also can be utilized for the preparation of 5,6-benzohomoprolines fromthe appropriate quinoline precursors.The N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) derivatives of these amino acids (useful intermediates for peptide synthesis) were also prepared in good yields.
- Shuman, Robert T.,Ornstein, Paul L.,Paschal, Jonathan W.,Gesellchen, Paul D.
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p. 738 - 741
(2007/10/02)
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