- Direct conversion of cellulose to high-yield methyl lactate over Ga-doped Zn/H-nanozeolite Y catalysts in supercritical methanol
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For realizing sustainable bio-based refineries, it is crucial to obtain high yields of value-added chemicals via the direct conversion of cellulose and lignocellulosic biomass. Although the conversion of cellulose using homogeneous catalysts has been demonstrated to be quite successful, low cellulose conversion and poor product selectivity have been observed using heterogeneous catalysts. In this study, for the first time, the efficient conversion of cellulose to lactic acid derivatives, which can be used as a green solvent and a potential precursor for fine chemicals and biodegradable polymers, over a Ga-doped Zn/H-nanozeolite Y (Ga-doped Zn/HNZY) catalyst is described. Under optimized conditions at 280°C in supercritical methanol, methyl lactate (ML) and methyl 2-methoxypropionate (MMP) are obtained in yields of 57.8% and 12.8%, respectively, from cellulose; these values are greater than those reported in previous studies conducted using heterogeneous catalysts. Using oakwood, ML and MMP are obtained in yields of 12.3% and 18.6%, respectively. A large external surface area of the HNZY support and the synergistic effect of Ga doping on ZnO enhance Lewis acid sites with the simultaneous decrease of the Br?nsted acid sites. This unique catalyst (Ga-doped Zn/HNZY) is beneficial for controlling the consecutive reaction pathways of the decomposition of cellulose to glucose, retro-aldol condensation to trioses, and intramolecular Cannizzaro reaction to ML.
- Verma, Deepak,Insyani, Rizki,Suh, Young-Woong,Kim, Seung Min,Kim, Seok Ki,Kim, Jaehoon
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Read Online
- (Meth) acrylic acid ester, a hydroxy compound, (meth) acrylic ester production and (by machine translation)
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(Meth) acrylic acid ester and a manufacturing method thereof [to] excellent hydrophilicity. [Solution] for example, compound (5 - 1) is represented by the new of a methacrylic ester. (5 - 1) (4 - 1) Is a novel compound can be produced by reacting methacrylic acid chloride derivatives of cyclopentanol. [Drawing] no (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0043
(2020/04/10)
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- PRODUCTION OF ALKYL ESTERS OF ACRYLIC ACID
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A process for producing a mixture including acrylic acid or derivatives thereof, the process including the step of contacting a mixture of lactic acid or derivatives thereof and a solvent over a dehydration catalyst to produce the mixture including alkyl esters of acrylic acid, wherein the density of the solvent ranges from about 10 to about 500 kg/m3 under operating conditions.
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Page/Page column 7-8
(2020/01/31)
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- Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Alkyl Lactates to Alkyl Propionates with Fe-based Bimetallic Supported Catalysts
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Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of methyl lactate (ML) to methyl propionate (MP) was performed with various base-metal supported catalysts. A high yield of 77 % MP was obtained with bimetallic Fe–Ni/ZrO2 in methanol at 220 °C and 50 bar H2. A synergistic effect of Ni increased the yield of MP significantly when using Fe–Ni/ZrO2 instead of Fe/ZrO2 alone. Moreover, the ZrO2 support contributed to improve the yield as a phase transition of ZrO2 from tetragonal to monoclinic occurred after metal doping giving rise to fine dispersion of the Fe and Ni on the ZrO2, resulting in a higher catalytic activity of the material. Interestingly, it was observed that Fe–Ni/ZrO2 also effectively catalyzed methanol reforming to produce H2 in situ, followed by HDO of ML, yielding 60 % MP at 220 °C with 50 bar N2 instead of H2. Fe–Ni/ZrO2 also catalyzed HDO of other short-chain alkyl lactates to the corresponding alkyl propionates in high yields around 70 %. No loss of activity of Fe–Ni/ZrO2 occurred in five consecutive reaction runs demonstrating the high durability of the catalyst system.
- Khokarale, Santosh Govind,He, Jian,Schill, Leonhard,Yang, Song,Riisager, Anders,Saravanamurugan, Shunmugavel
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p. 681 - 687
(2018/02/13)
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- Catalytic Gas-Phase Production of Lactide from Renewable Alkyl Lactates
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A new route to lactide, which is a key building block of the bioplastic polylactic acid, is proposed involving a continuous catalytic gas-phase transesterification of renewable alkyl lactates in a scalable fixed-bed setup. Supported TiO2/SiO2 catalysts are highly selective to lactide, with only minimal lactide racemization. The solvent-free process allows for easy product separation and recycling of unconverted alkyl lactates and recyclable lactyl intermediates. The catalytic activity of TiO2/SiO2 catalysts was strongly correlated to their optical properties by DR UV/Vis spectroscopy. Catalysts with high band-gap energy of the supported TiO2 phase, indicative of a high surface spreading of isolated Ti centers, show the highest turnover frequency per Ti site.
- De Clercq, Rik,Dusselier, Michiel,Makshina, Ekaterina,Sels, Bert F.
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supporting information
p. 3074 - 3078
(2018/03/13)
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- METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS 5 MODULATORS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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Compounds that modulate GluR5 activity and methods of using the same are disclosed.
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Page/Page column 99
(2012/12/13)
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- A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ALKOCARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS
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The present invention relates to a catalytic processes for producing of alkoxycarboxylic acid esters by reaction of hydroxycarboxylic acid and/or its esters with alcohol on a solid acid catalysts at temperatures ranging 100 - 400 °C and pressures 1-100 bar. The method is characterized by that a solid acid catalysts are phosphoric acid and/or its salts of metals I and II groups of Periodical Table on a solid porous material. According to the process alkoxycarboxylic acid esters can be produced in a mild condition and a high yield.
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Page/Page column 2
(2008/12/08)
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- Metal Complex Compound Comprising B-Diketonato Ligand
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[PROBLEMS] To provide a metal complex compound capable of being suitably used for manufacturing a metal-containing thin film by the CVD method and a method for preparing a metal-containing thin film. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A metal complex compound comprising a β-diketonato ligand having an alkoxyalkyl-methyl group, and a method for preparing a metal-containing thin film using the metal complex compound by the CVD method.
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Page/Page column 15-16
(2008/12/04)
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- Preparation of alkoxycarboxylic acid esters
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A process for the preparation of alkoxycarboxylic acid esters of the general formula I STR1 in which Y denotes CR4 R5 or CR4 R5 -CR6 R7, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 denote C1 -C20 alkyl, C3 -C8 cycloalkyl, aryl, C7 -C20 aralkyl, and C7 -C20 alkylaryl and R2, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 can additionally denote hydrogen, and n is 0 or 1, by the reaction of hydroxycarboxylic acid esters of the general formula II STR2 in which R2, R3, R8, Y, and n have the aforementioned meanings, with alcohols of the general formula III in which R1 has the aforementioned meanings, in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts at temperatures ranging from 100° to 400° C. and pressures ranging from 0.01 to 150 bar, wherein the heterogeneous catalysts used are zeolites and/or hydrothermally prepared phosphates.
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- LEWIS ACID MEDIATED AMINOLYSIS OF ESTERS: CONVERSION OF METHYL (S)-(-)-2-CHLOROPROPIONATE TO (S)-(+)-N,N-DIETHYL-2-CHLOROPROPIONAMIDE
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Methyl (S)-(-)-2-chloropropionate 1 is converted to (S)-(+)-N,N-diethyl-2-chloropropionamide 2 in high chemical and optical yield using a Lewis acid/diethylamine reagent.
- Gless, R. D.
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p. 633 - 638
(2007/10/02)
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- ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF ALKYL-SUBSTITUTED ALLENES IN METHANOL
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Mono-, di- and tri-alkyl-substituted allenes were potentiostatically oxidized in methanol at graphite and Pt anodes.At the former electrode, α-methoxylated ketones (due to 4F/mole electricity consumption) and esters (6F/mole) were the major products.At a Pt anode, intermediate products such as vinyl-ether derivatives (2F/mole) were characterised too.Unlike the anodic oxidation of alkenes and alkynes previously reported in the literature, dimerisation is not a typical process in the allenes' oxidation, since of all the products obtained only a sole dimer has been observed.The mechanism for the formation of most products is discussed.
- Becker, James Y.,Zinger, Baruch
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p. 1677 - 1682
(2007/10/02)
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