- Nucleophilic Reaction of Electron-deficient Pyridone Derivatives. II. Ring Transformation of 1-Substituted 3,5-Dinitro-4-pyridones with Sodio β-Keto Esters
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The reaction of 1-substituted 3,5-dinitro-4-pyridones with diethyl sodio-3-oxopentanedioate give 1-substituted 3,5-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-4-pyridones and sodio-1,3-dinitro-2-propane.On the other hand, the reactions of the 4-pyridones (1b, 1c, and 1d) with ethyl sodioacetoacetate give ethyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzoate together with aminopyridine homologues, and that of 1a gives furopyridine derivative.On the basis of the concept of soft and hard acids and bases, a stepwisenucleophilic attack of the anion of β-keto esters at the electrophilic center of the 2 and 6-positions or 2 and 3-positions of the 4-pyridones is interpret the variations of the reaction courses.
- Matsumura, Eizo,Ariga, Masahiro,Tohda, Yasuo
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- Syntheses, spectroscopy, electrochemistry, EPR, PXRD-structure and DFT/TD-DFT of bis[2-oxo-1-naphthaldehydato-κO,O’]copper(II)
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Reaction of N-2-(R-pyridyl)-2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldimine {R = H (HL1), 4-CH3 (HL2) and 6-CH3 (HL3)} with copper(II) nitrate provides the new complex of bis[2-oxo-1-naphthaldehydato-κO,O’]copper(II) (1) via in-situ hydrolysis of the Schiff base back to 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde (HL′). Elemental analyses reveal that there are no nitrogen atoms in the complex. X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data indicate that the complex is monoclinic with space group P21/a and Z = 2 and that the ligand acts as bidentate through O?O-chelate system forming a bis-complex with O2O2-coordination sphere around the copper(II) ion. Electrochemical results show two quasi-reversible one electron charge transfer processes attributed to [Cu(L′)2]2?/[Cu(L′)2]? and [Cu(L′)2]?/[Cu(L′)2] (L’ = deprotonated aldehyde) couples in acetonitrile. The magnetic data confirm the paramagnetic property of the complex with one unpaired electron in the metallic centre. The results suggest that the complex assumes a geometry between tetrahedral and square-planar supported by DFT calculations. Thermal analysis shows an irreversible phase transformation from solid to isotropic liquid phase. EPR spectrum in chloroform exhibits an isotropic pattern with four lines due to nuclear hyperfine splitting from the copper(II) ion with spin 3/2. The structural analyses, electrochemical and paramagnetic properties of these complexes explore greater interests for their use in the supramolecular chemistry.
- Enamullah, Mohammed,Joy, Baitul Alif,Islam, Mohammad Khairul
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- Electrocyclic Ring-Opening of 1,2,4-Oxadiazole[4,5-a]piridinium Chloride: a New Route to 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Dienamino Compounds
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1,2,4-Oxadiazole[4,5-a]piridinium chloride adds nucleophiles to undergo electrocyclic ring opening affording 1,2,4-oxadiazole dienamino derivatives. These pyridinium salts represent a special class of Zincke salts that are prone to rearrange when treated
- Carella, Stefano,Memeo, Misal Giuseppe,Quadrelli, Paolo
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- Electronic, infrared, mass spectrometry and thermal studies on the reaction of 2-amino-6-methylpyridine with π-acceptors
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The spectrophotometric characteristics of the solid charge-transfer molecular complexes (CT) formed in the reaction of the electron donor 2-amino-6-methylpyridine (2A6MPy) with the π-acceptors tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoq
- Madrahimov, Sherzod,Mostafa, Adel,Yempally, Veeranna,Fadlallah, Joelle,AlQaradawi, Siham Y.
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- Ligand compound for copper catalyzed aryl halide coupling reaction, catalytic system and coupling reaction
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The invention provides a ligand compound capable of being used for copper catalyzed aryl halide coupling reaction, the ligand compound is a three-class compound containing a 2-(substituted or non-substituted) aminopyridine nitrogen-oxygen group, and the invention also provides a catalytic system for the aryl halide coupling reaction. Thecatalytic system comprises a copper catalyst, a compound containing a 2-(substituted or non-substituted) aminopyridine nitrogen-oxygen group adopted as a ligand, alkali and a solvent, and meanwhile, the invention also provides a system for the aryl halide coupling reaction adopting the catalyst system. The compound containing the 2-(substituted or non-substituted) aminopyridine nitrogen oxygen group can be used as the ligand for the copper catalyzed aryl chloride coupling reaction, and the ligand is stable under a strong alkaline condition and can well maintain catalytic activity when being used for the copper-catalyzed aryl chloride coupling reaction. In addition, the copper catalyst adopting the compound as the ligand can particularly effectively promote coupling of copper catalyzed aryl chloride and various nucleophilic reagents which are difficult to generate under conventional conditions, C-N, C-O and C-S bonds are generated, and numerous useful small molecule compounds are synthesized. Therefore, the aryl halide coupling reaction has a very good large-scale application prospect by adopting the copper catalysis system of the ligand.
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Paragraph 0111-0118; 0120
(2021/05/29)
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- Method for preparing amino compound by catalytically reducing nitro compound with alkaline earth metal hydride
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The invention relates to a method for preparing an amino compound by catalytically reducing a nitro compound with alkaline earth metal hydride, and belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis.The method comprises the following steps: by taking a nitro compound as a reaction substrate, alkaline earth metal hydride as a hydrogen source and diborate as a catalyst, respectively adding the nitro compound, the alkaline earth metal hydride and the diborate into an organic solvent, stirring and heating to react for 3-20 hours at the reaction temperature of 50-150 DEG C; and after the reactionis finished, separating and purifying the reaction mother liquor to obtain the amino compound. The method has the advantages of simple synthesis steps, mild reaction conditions, avoiding of the use of high pressure hydrogen, no participation of transition metals in the reaction process, reduction of the reaction cost, greenness, environmental protection, and reduction of the environmental pollution.
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Paragraph 0074-0077
(2020/09/16)
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- Diverse Oxidative C(sp2)-N Bond Cleavages of Aromatic Fused Imidazoles for Synthesis of α-Ketoamides and N-(pyridin-2-yl)arylamides
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An efficient and chemoselective C(sp2)-N bond cleavage of aromatic imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine molecules is developed. A broad scope of amide compounds such as α-ketoamides and N-(pyridin-2-yl)arylamides are afforded as the final products in up to quantitative yields. Diverse C-N bond cleavages are controlled by the oxidative species used in this transformation, with various amide products afforded in a chemoselective fashion. A preliminary study indicated that some α-ketoamides exhibit anti-Tobacco Mosaic Virus activity for potential use in plant protection.
- Xu, Fangzhou,Wang, Yanyan,Xun, Xiwei,Huang, Yun,Jin, Zhichao,Song, Baoan,Wu, Jian
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p. 8411 - 8422
(2019/05/17)
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- Synthesis of N-aryl and N-heteroaryl hydroxylamines via partial reduction of nitroarenes with soluble nanoparticle catalysts
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Polystyrene-supported ruthenium nanoparticles enable the selective hydrazine-mediated reduction of nitroarenes to hydroxylamine products in high yield and selectivity. Key to obtaining the hydroxylamine product in good yield was the use of organic solvents capable of solubilizing the polystyrene-supported nanoparticle catalyst. N-aryl and N-heteroaryl hydroxylamines are generated under exceptionally mild conditions and in the presence of a various easily reduced functional groups.
- Tyler, Jefferson H.,Nazari, S. Hadi,Patterson, Robert H.,Udumula, Venkatareddy,Smith, Stacey J.,Michaelis, David J.
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supporting information
p. 82 - 86
(2016/12/23)
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- Boron Lewis Acid Promoted Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Amides: An Efficient Approach to Secondary Amines
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The hydrogenation of amides to amines has been developed by using the catalyst [Ru(H)2(CO)(Triphos)] (Triphos=1,1,1-tri(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane) and catalytic boron Lewis acids such as B(C6F5)3 or BF3?Et2O as additives. The reaction provides an efficient method for the preparation of secondary amines from amides in good yields with high selectivity.
- Yuan, Ming-Lei,Xie, Jian-Hua,Zhou, Qi-Lin
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p. 3036 - 3040
(2016/10/11)
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- Tertiary formylated amines by microwave irradiation of N,N-dimethyl- N′-(2-pyridyl) formamidines with methyl vinyl ketone
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Treatment of N,N-dimethyl-N′-(2-pyridyl)formamidine with methyl vinyl ketone under microwave irradiation yields N-formyl-N-(3-oxobutyl)-2- pyridylamine without decomposition or polymerization of methyl vinyl ketone. The result is an alternative non-oxidat
- Gomez-Garcia, Omar,Salgado-Zamora, Hector,Campos-Aldrete, Elena
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- Ethylacetoacetate tagged basic imidazolium salt: Multi-task in CuI nanoparticle catalyzed amination of aryl halides
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Copper catalyzed reactions suffer from harsh conditions of high temperature, high pressure, over-stoichiometric amount of copper reagents and use of expensive ligands. In an attempt to develop a mild, efficient and reusable system for copper catalyzed reactions, ethylacetoacetate was doped into ionic liquid (IL) by tagging it with imidazolium cation stabilized by a counter hydroxide or acetate anion (4a and 4b). The novel ligand-anchored ILs demonstrated high efficiency in generation and stabilization of uniformly dispersed Cu(I)I nanoparticles with particle size in range 9-12 nm. Further, the catalytic system provided an efficient route to amination of aryl iodides, bromides and the less reactive chlorides under mild conditions with very low catalyst loading of only 2 mol % to yield primary aryl amines selectively. Furthermore, the reaction allowed easy isolation of products with recovery of ionic liquid containing an intact built-in ligand and base combination for further reuse.
- Srivastava, Ananya,Jain, Nidhi
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p. 5092 - 5097
(2013/06/27)
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- Efficient synthesis of aminopyridine derivatives by copper catalyzed amination reactions
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A copper(i) catalyzed amination reaction utilizing aqueous ammonia and operating under mild conditions is presented. This method was employed for the efficient synthesis of various aminopyridine derivatives bearing electron withdrawing and electron donating groups. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010.
- Elmkaddem, Mohammed K.,Fischmeister, Cedric,Thomas, Christophe M.,Renaud, Jean-Luc
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 925 - 927
(2010/06/12)
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- An efficient copper-catalyzed amination of aryl halides by aqueous ammonia
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The copper(I) bromide/1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-8-yl)-2-methylpropan-l- one (CuBr-LS) combination catalyzed the cross-coupling reactions between aryl or heteroaryl halides and aqueous ammonia with high yields to produce primary aromatic or heteroaromatic amines at room temperature or under mild conditions.
- Wang, Deping,Cai, Qian,Ding, Ke
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1722 - 1726
(2011/02/25)
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- Highly efficient and economic synthesis of new substituted amino-bispyridyl derivatives via copper and palladium catalysis
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A convenient route for the synthesis of a variety of amino-bispyridyl compounds is introduced. Bispyridylamines were prepared in three steps from commercially available 2,6-dibromopyridine, via a copper mediated alkylation followed by two consecutive N-arylation reactions catalyzed by copper and palladium, respectively.
- Gaillard, Sylvain,Elmkaddem, Mohammed Kamal,Fischmeister, Cédric,Thomas, Christophe M.,Renaud, Jean-Luc
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p. 3471 - 3474
(2008/09/21)
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- SUBSTITUTED QUINAZOLINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS INHIBITORS
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The use of a compound of formula (I) 1 or a salt, ester or amide thereof; where X is O, or S, S(O) or S(O)2, or NR6 where R6 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl,; R5 is an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaromatic ring, R1, R2 ,R3, R4 are independently selected from various specified moieties, in the preparation of a medicament for use in the inhibition of aurora 2 kinase. Certain compounds are novel and these, together with pharmaceutical compositions containing them are also described and claimed
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- Amination of aryl halides using copper catalysis
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Bromopyridine 4 was converted into aminopyridine 5 under Cu2O catalysis with an ethylene glycol solution of ammonia in excellent yield (90%). The amination reaction features low (0.5 mol%) catalyst loading, mild reaction temperature (80°C) and low reaction pressure (50 psi). This protocol is further studied in the amination of a variety of aryl halides.
- Lang, Fengrui,Zewge, Daniel,Houpis, Ioannis N.,Volante
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p. 3251 - 3254
(2007/10/03)
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- Substituted 2-aminopyridines as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthases.
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A series of substituted 2-aminopyridines was prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of human nitric oxide synthases (NOS). 4,6-Disubstitution enhanced both potency and specificity for the inducible NOS with the most potent compound having an IC50 of 28 nM.
- Hagmann,Caldwell,Chen,Durette,Esser,Lanza,Kopka,Guthikonda,Shah,MacCoss,Chabin,Fletcher,Grant,Green,Humes,Kelly,Luell,Meurer,Moore,Pacholok,Pavia,Williams,Wong
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p. 1975 - 1978
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of 6-Substituted 2-(N-Acetylamino)pyridines and 2-Aminopyridines by Cyclization of 5-Oximinoalkanenitriles
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Oxime derivatives of 5-oxoalkanenitriles (C6 chain or longer) were cyclized in most cases with a combination of AcCl and Ac2O, or Ac2O and HCl to 6-substituted 2-(N-acetylamino)pyridines.Alkaline hydrolysis gave the corresponding 2-aminopyridines in overall yields of 40-65 percent, with the exception of pyridine 3e.Oxime derivatives of 5-oxopentanenitriles did not cyclize but gave glutaronitriles instead.In some experiments with 5-oximinohexanenitrile (1a), 2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-cyanoethyl)oxazole (9) was detected in addition to the main product, 2-(N-acetylamino)-6-methylpyridine (2a).Formation of these compounds can be explained on the basis of a common intermediate 7 formed through rearrangement of the O-acetylated 5-oximinohexanenitrile (4).
- Vijn, Robert J.,Arts, Henricus J.,Maas, Peter J.,Castelijns, Anna M.
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p. 887 - 891
(2007/10/02)
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- SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF THE N-O BOND IN HETEROAROMATIC N-OXIDES BY TiCl4/SnCl2.
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Heteroaromatic N-oxides bearing various functionalities are readily and selectively converted under mild conditions into the corresponding bases using TiCl4/SnCl2.
- Balicki, Roman,Kaczmarek, Lukasz,Malinowski, Marek
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p. 897 - 900
(2007/10/02)
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- Protection of Primary Amines as N-Substituted 2,5-Dimethylpyrroles
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Protection of primary amine group is achieved by incorporating it into an N-substituted 2,5-dimethylpyrrole system.The method affords protection against strong bases and nucleophiles, heating with concentrated alkali, standard mineral acid work-up conditions, and various other reagents.Phenyl-, pyridil-, thiazolyl-, and alkyl-amines have been studied.All give trisubstituted pyrroles in high yield (>80percent) by reaction with hexane-2,5-dione.The pyrroles from the first three types are stable to storage; even the N-alkyl compounds can be used without difficulty.Regeneration of the amine group, by treatment with hydrxylamine hydrochloride, is efficient (80percent yield) with the phenyl, pyridyl, and alkyl compounds but less satisfactory (60 - 65percent generally but down to 25percent in two cases) with the thiazolyl derivatives.
- Bruekelman, Stephen P.,Leach, (Miss) Susan E.,Meakins, G. Denis,Tirel, Malcolm D.
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p. 2801 - 2807
(2007/10/02)
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- Protection of Primary Amines as N-Substituted 2,5-Dimethylpyrroles
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Protection of a primary amine group against attack by organic or aqueous solutions of strong bases or nucleophiles is achieved by incorporation into an N-substituted 2,5-dimethylpyrrole system from which the amine group is regenerated by treatment with hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
- Breukelman, Stephen P.,Meakins, G. Denis,Tirel, Malcolm D.
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p. 800 - 801
(2007/10/02)
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- Studies on 1,3-Benzoxazines. II. New Rearrangement Modes in the Reaction of 4-Chloro-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1,3-benzoxazine with Substituted Pyridine N-Oxides
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New rearrangement modes in the reaction of 4-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1,3-benzoxazine (1) with various α- and/or γ-substituted pyridine N-oxides are described.The benzoxazine moiety was introduced into the side chain and/or β-position of the pyridine ring, in addition to the α-position.Possible mechanism of the reactions are discussed.Keywords - 1,3-benzoxazine; picoline N-oxide; lutidine N-oxide; imidoyl chloride; rearrangement.
- Wachi, Kazuyuki,Terada, Atsusuke
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p. 3020 - 3028
(2007/10/02)
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- Separation of blood coagulation factors with non-activating polyelectrolytes
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Blood coagulation factors such as Factor VIII are separated from admixture with other blood proteins without producing activation of said coagulation factors by contacting with a water-insoluble, cross-linked polyelectrolyte copolymer of (a) C2-18 unsaturated monomer and (b) C4-12 unsaturated polycarboxylic acid or anhydride which is partially substituted at its free carboxyl or anhydride sites with amine-imides and in which substantially all the remaining free carboxyl or anhydride sites are blocked with alkoxyalkylamine to form alkoxyalkylimide units.
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