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108-88-3Relevant articles and documents
[B(C6F5)4]: An air stable, lewis acidic stibonium salt that activates strong element-fluorine bonds
Pan, Baofei,Gabba?, Fran?ois P.
, p. 9564 - 9567 (2014)
As part of our ongoing interest in main group Lewis acids for fluoride anion complexation and element-fluorine bond activation, we have synthesized the stibonium borate salt [Sb(C6F5)4][B(C 6F5)4] (3). The perfluorinated stibonium cation [Sb(C6F5)4]+ present in this salt is a potent Lewis acid which abstracts a fluoride anion from [SbF 6]- and [BF(C6F5)3] - indicating that it is a stronger Lewis acid than SbF5 and B(C6F5)3. The unusual Lewis acidic properties of 3 are further reflected by its ability to polymerize THF or to promote the hydrodefluorination of fluoroalkanes in the presence of Et 3SiH. While highly reactive in solution, 3 is a perfectly air stable salt, making it a convenient Lewis acidic reagent.
Catalytic hydrogenation of phenol, cresol and guaiacol over physically mixed catalysts of Pd/C and zeolite solid acids
Shafaghat, Hoda,Sirous Rezaei, Pouya,Daud, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan
, p. 33990 - 33998 (2015)
Highly reactive phenolic compounds of pyrolysis bio-oil are recognized as a major cause of the unpleasant properties of this biofuel. Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic compounds of bio-oil is an efficient technique for improving the quality of bio-oil. Dual function catalysts consisting of metal and acid sites are usually used for transformation of bio-oil/bio-oil model compounds to high value hydrocarbons. Metal and acid sites are generally involved in hydrogenation/hydrodeoxygenation and dehydration/hydrocracking/dealkylation/alkylation reaction mechanisms, respectively. In this work, the product selectivity of hydrogenation of phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol and guaiacol was investigated over combined catalysts of Pd/C with zeolite solid acids of HZSM-5 (Si/Al of 30, 50 and 80) and HY (Si/Al of 30 and 60). Catalytic activity and product distribution in the hydrogenation process were affected by the density and strength of zeolite acid sites. HZSM-5 (30) with only weak acid sites showed lower cyclohexane selectivity compared with HZSM-5 (50) and HZSM-5 (80) which had both weak and strong acid sites. HY (30) and HY (60) containing only strong acid sites favored production of cycloketones.
UEBER DIE AUSWIRKUNG VON METHYLSUBSTITUENTEN AUF DIE THERMISCHE ISOMERISIERUNG VON 1,7-OCTADIEN-3-INEN
Kirsch, Reinhard,Priebe, Hanno,Hopf, Henning
, p. 53 - 56 (1984)
The influence of methyl substituents on the 1,7-octadien-3-yne to methylene-vinylcyclopentene rearrangement has been investigated.Whereas methyl groups in the 6-position induce the formation of 1,4-cycloheptadienes, methyl substituents in the 1-position lead to aromatic compounds.
On the Mechanism of the Cyclooctatetraene Synthesis from Ethyne Employing Nickel Catalysts
Colborn, Robert E.,Vollhardt, K. Peter C.
, p. 5470 - 5477 (1986)
The mechanism of the Reppe cyclization to cyclooctatetraene was investigated by employing ethyne-1-13C as a substrate in the nickel-catalyzed reaction.The specific catalytic systems studied were nickel acetylacetonate-calcium carbide and nickel acetylacetonate-diethylaluminum ethoxide.In both cases, the label pattern in the cyclooctatetraene produced was consistent with either a stepwise coupling or concerted "zipper-type" mechanism of formation.These results preclude the possibility of cyclobutadiene or benzene intermediates or any carbon-carbon bond cleavage processes which do not leave the original connectivity in the alkyne intact.These conclusions were based upon analysis of the isotopic label in C4 fragments, obtained by chemical degradation of the cyclooctatetraene produced.
Studies on organolanthanide complexes XXIII. Reaction of organic halides with tricyclopentadienyllanthanides/sodium hydride
Qian, Changtao,Zhu, Dunming,Gu, Yongjie
, p. 23 - 29 (1991)
The reductive dehalogenation of aryl and vinyl halides with tricyclopentadienyllanthanide/sodium hydride systems affords, respectively, the corresponding aromatics and alkenes in excellent yields under mild conditions.However, the reaction with alkyl halides generates alkylated products, which yield alkyl cyclopentadienes after hydrolysis.The reaction mechanism has been briefly investigated.
Reactions of Triarylsulphonium Salt with Alkoxide Nucleophiles: Involvement of Radical Intermediates
Chung, Sung-Kee,Sasamoto, Kazumi
, p. 346 - 347 (1981)
Tri-p-tolylsulphonium bromide reacts with sodium isopropoxide or potassium hydroxide to give toluene; solvent isotope labelling experiments clearly show involvement of the p-tolyl radical species rather than the corresponding anion in this reaction.
STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF PENTASIL-CONTAINING CATALYSTS IN REACTIONS OF TRANSFORMATION OF HYDROCARBONS. 3. KINETICS OF AROMATIZATION OF PROPANE AND PROPYLENE ON H AND Zn FORMS OF PENTASILS
Sitnik, V. P.,Nekrasov, N. V.,Vasina, T. V.,Yakerson, V. I.,Bragin, O. V.
, p. 641 - 646 (1990)
The kinetics of transformations of propane and propylene on pentasils modified with zinc, Zn/HTsVM, and the H form of zeolite were investigated.Quantitative data were obtained which revealed significant differences for HTsVM and Zn-containing catalysts in the selectivity of transformations of propane with different degrees of its conversion.The promoting effect of Zn in the Zn/HTsVM system not only on the stage of dehydrogenation of propane into propylene, but also on subsequent transformations of propylene into aromatic hydrocarbons, was demonstrated.The absence of internal diffusion inhibition of the reaction in the conditions studied was demonstrated experimentally.It was shown that aromatization of propane takes place in the kinetic region.
Activation of C?F Bonds by Electrophilic Organosilicon Sites Supported on Sulfated Zirconia
Culver, Damien B.,Conley, Matthew P.
, p. 14902 - 14905 (2018)
The reaction of allyltriisopropylsilane with partially dehydroxylated sulfated zirconium oxide (SZO) forms surface organosilicon species. Solid-state NMR studies of the organosilicon functionalized SZO shows that electrophilic [TIPS][SZO] sites are present on the surface, in addition to less reactive TIPS-Ox and SiOx species. The electrophilic [TIPS][SZO] sites are strong Lewis acids from solid-state 31P NMR analysis of triethylphosphine oxide (O=PEt3) contacted materials. [TIPS][SZO] is active in hydrodefluorination reactions in the presence of Et3SiH.
Hydrodeoxygenation of m-cresol with Pt supported over mild acid materials
Zanuttini,Dalla Costa,Querini,Peralta
, p. 352 - 361 (2014)
The deoxygenation of m-cresol was studied using Pt catalysts supported on different materials of various levels of acidity, such as gamma alumina, silica, and H-BEA zeolites. The reaction was carried out at atmospheric pressure and 300 °C in a fixed-bed reactor. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, TPR, TEM, H2 and CO chemisorptions, pyridine-TPD and pyridine-IR. The (metal function/acid function) ratio and the reaction conditions were adjusted in order to have a high selectivity to toluene. The effects of acid sites density, strength and type, as well as the pore structure of the different supports on the deoxygenation activity, selectivity and stability were addressed. In order to avoid the production of heavy products and a fast deactivation, the concentration of Br?nsted acid sites must be very low. A high acid sites density is detrimental for catalyst stability, due to coke formation via condensation of precursors adsorbed on adjacent sites. Additionally, a mesoporous structure is better than a microporous structure regarding the stability. All the catalysts can be regenerated in air at relatively low temperature.
Synthesis and functionalization of ordered mesoporous carbons supported Pt nanoparticles for hydroconversion of n-heptane
Said
, p. 14517 - 14529 (2018)
A comprehensive study was performed on the spectroscopic and textural properties of ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) of the CMK-3 type modified by acid oxidation using K2S2O8 as a benign oxidant and nitrogen-doping by the aid of the polymerization of ethylenediamine and carbon tetrachloride inside the pore channels of SBA-15 hard template. The pristine, nitrogen-doped, and oxidized-ordered mesoporous carbons were used as supports to prepare 10 wt% platinum nanoparticles-loaded catalysts using ethylene glycol as a reducing agent. The catalytic behavior, mechanism, and influence of the surface functionalization of the ordered mesoporous carbon bifunctional catalysts toward the hydroconversion of n-heptane using a fixed-bed flow system operated under atmospheric pressure were investigated. The synthesized samples were characterized by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The mesostructural regularity corresponding to the hexagonal P6mm symmetry of the OMC-CMK-3 type was well-reserved even after surface modifications replicated from an SBA-15 template. H2 pulse chemisorption and EDX mapping images confirmed differences in the Pt NPs contents and dispersion depending on the support composition. The catalytic activity results achieved were hand in hand with the proper balance between the acidity strength and Pt NPs dispersion degree.