189453-10-9Relevant articles and documents
Epothilone D and its 9-Methyl analogues: Combinatorial syntheses, conformation, and biological activities
Sang, Feng,Feng, Peng,Chen, Jie,Ding, Yahui,Duan, Xiyan,Zhai, Jiadai,Ma, Xiaoyan,Zhang, Bin,Zhang, Quan,Lin, Jianping,Chen, Yue
, p. 321 - 332 (2013)
Epothilone D (Epo D) and its 9-Methyl conformational analogues were synthesized through a highly efficient combinatorial approach. The fragment E was synthesized in 11 total steps with 6 longest linear steps, and each aldehyde B was prepared via a 3-step sequence. Starting from the common precursor E and a suitable aldehydes B, each target molecule were obtained in only 4 steps. The 9-(S)-epo D and 9-(R)-epo D demonstrated significant difference in inhibition activities against cancer cell lines and in conformational analysis.
Highly concise routes to epothilones: The total synthesis and evaluation of epothilone 490
Biswas, Kaustav,Lin, Hong,Njardarson, Jon T.,Chappell, Mark D.,Chou, Ting-Chao,Guan, Yongbiao,Tong, William P.,He, Lifeng,Horwitz, Susan B.,Danishefsky, Samuel J.
, p. 9825 - 9832 (2002)
A concise modular laboratory construction of the epothilone class of promising antitumor agents has been accomplished. For the first time in the epothilone area, the new synthesis exploits the power of ring-closing olefin metathesis (RCM) in a stereospecific way. Previous attempts at applying RCM to epothilone syntheses have been repeatedly plagued by complete lack of stereocontrol in the generation of the desired 12,13-olefin geometry in the products. The isolation of epothilone 490 (3) prompted us to reevaluate the utility of the RCM procedure for fashioning the 10,11-olefin, with the Z-12,13-olefin geometry already in place. Olefin metathesis of the triene substrate 12 afforded the product diene macrolide in stereoselective fashion. For purposes of greater synthetic convergency, the C3-(S)-alcohol was fashioned late in the synthesis, using chiral titanium-mediated aldol conditions with the entire O-alkyl fragment as a C15 acetate as the enolate component. Examination of the effects of protecting groups on the RCM process showed that deprotection of the C7 alcohol has a beneficial effect on the reaction yield. Performing the RCM as the last synthetic step in the sequence afforded a 64% yield of only the desired E-olefin. Selective diimide reduction of the new 10,11-olefin yielded 12,13-desoxyepothilone B, our current clinical candidate, demonstrating the utility of this new RCM-reduction protocol in efficiently generating the epothilone framework. Furthermore, the new olefin was selectively funtionalized to demonstrate the advantage conferred by this route for the construction of new analogues for SAR studies, in cytoxicity and microtubule affinity screens. Also described is the surprisingly poor in vivo performance of epothilone 490 in xenografts in the light of very promising in vitro data. This disappointing outcome was traced to unfavorable pharmacokinetic features of the drug in murine plasma. By the pharmacokinetic criteria, the prognosis for the effectiveness of 3 in humans is, in principle, much more promising.
The Total Synthesis of Epothilone D as a Yardstick for Probing New Methodologies
Haydl, Alexander M.,Breit, Bernhard
, p. 541 - 545 (2017/01/18)
Here, a concise and highly convergent synthesis of epothilone D was investigated, relying on fragments of equal complexity that could be prepared in gram scale quantities. The strategy to construct the fragments includes the use of a previously reported enantiospecific zinc-catalyzed cross-coupling of an α-hydroxy ester triflate with a Grignard reagent, the application of a hydroboration/boron–magnesium exchange sequence for the rapid construction of the Z-substituted trisubstituted double bond present in the natural product, and a Noyori-type hydrogenation to install the β-hydroxy ester moiety of the southern part. The key to success is the diastereoselective head-to-tail macrolactonization by an intramolecular addition of the corresponding ω-alkynyl-substituted carboxylic acids to construct a new stereocenter in the macrocyclic core structure in one single step.
PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF (1S,3S,7S,10R,11S,12S,16R)-7,11-DIHYDROXY-8,8,10,12,16-PENTAMETHYL-3-[(1E)-1-METHYL-2-(2-METHYL-4-THIAZOLYL)ETHENYL]-17-OXA-4-AZABICYCLO[14.1.0]HEPTADECANE-5,9-DIONE AND INTERMEDIATES THEREOF
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, (2015/06/25)
The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of (1S,3S,7S,10R,11S,12S,16R)-7,11-dihydroxy-8,8,10,12,16-pentamethyl-3-[(1E)-1-methyl-2-(2- methyl-4-thiazolyl)ethenyl]- 17-oxa-4-azabicyclo[ 14.1.0]heptadecane-5,9-dione represented by the following structural formula I and intermediates thereof. The present invention also provides novel intermediate compounds useful for the preparation of compound of formula I and its intermediates.
Total synthesis of epothilone D: The nerol/macroaldolization approach
Wessjohann, Ludger A.,Scheid, Guenther O.,Eichelberger, Uwe,Umbreen, Sumaira
, p. 10588 - 10595 (2013/11/19)
A highly convergent and stereocontrolled synthesis of epothilone D (4) is reported. Key features are a cheap and Z-selective synthesis of the northern half based on nerol and acetoacetate and chromium(II)-mediated Reformatsky reactions as a powerful tool for chemoselective asymmetric carbon-carbon bond formations, including an unusual stereospecific macroaldolization.
An efficient total synthesis of (-)-epothilone B
Wang, Jie,Sun, Bing-Feng,Cui, Kai,Lin, Guo-Qiang
, p. 6354 - 6357 (2013/02/23)
An efficient total synthesis of (-)-epothilone B has been achieved in ca. 8% yield over 11 steps from 9 (or 10 steps from 7/8), which features a bissiloxane-tethered ring closing metathesis reaction to approach the trisubstituted (Z) double bond and forms a new basis for further development of an industrial process for epothilone B and ixabepilone.
Total synthesis of epothilones using functionalised allylstannanes for remote stereocontrol
Martin, Nathaniel,Thomas, Eric J.
, p. 7952 - 7964 (2013/06/27)
Two syntheses of the C(7)-C(16)-fragment 41 of epothilone D 2 were developed that were based on tin(iv) bromide mediated reactions of 5,6-difunctionalised hex-2-enylstannanes with aldehydes. In the first synthesis, (5S)-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-5-hydroxy-2-methylhex-2-enyl(tributyl) stannane 20 was reacted with (E)-but-2-enal to give (2S,7R,4Z,8E)-1-tert- butyldimethylsilyloxy-5-methyldeca-4,8-diene-2,7-diol 26 containing ca. 20% of its (7S)-epimer. Following desilylation, the crystalline (2S,7R)-triol 32 was protected as its acetonide 33 and esterified to give the (4-methoxybenzyloxy) acetate 34. An Ireland-Claisen rearrangement of this ester gave methyl (2R,3S,10S,4E,7Z)-3,7-dimethyl-10,11-(dimethylmethylene)dioxy-2-(4- methoxybenzyloxy)undeca-4,7-dienoate 35 that was converted into (2S,9S,6Z)-2,6-dimethyl-9,10-(dimethylmethylene)dioxydec-6-en-1-ol 41 by regioselective alkene manipulation, ester reduction and cleavage of the resulting terminal diol 40 with a reductive work-up. The second synthesis involved the tin(iv) bromide mediated reaction between the stannane 20 and (3S)-4-(4-methoxybenzyloxy)-3-methylbutanal 44 that gave (2S,7S,9S,4Z)-1-tert- butyldimethylsilyloxy-5,9-dimethyl-10-(4-methoxybenzyloxy)dec-4-ene-2,7-diol 45 containing ca. 20% of its (7R)-epimer. After desilylation and protection of the vicinal diol as its acetonide 46, a Barton-McCombie reductive removal of the remaining hydroxyl group gave the (2S,9S,6Z)-2,6-dimethyl-9,10- (dimethylmethylene)dioxydec-6-en-1-ol 41 after oxidative removal of the PMB-ether. The first of these syntheses uses just one chiral starting material, but the second is shorter and more convergent. It was therefore modified by the use of (5S)-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-5-(2-trimethylsilylethoxy)methoxy-2- methylhex-2-enyl(tributyl)stannane 49 that reacted with (3S)-4-(4- methoxybenzyloxy)-3-methylbutanal 44 to give a 50:50 mixture of the C(4)-epimers of (2S,9S,6Z)-10-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-(4-methoxybenzyloxy)-2,6- dimethyl-9-(2-trimethylsilylethoxy)methoxydec-6-en-4-ol 50 with high fidelity for formation of the (Z)-alkene. Following the Barton-McCombie deoxygenation, the product 52 was taken through to (2S,9S,6Z,10E)-2,6,10-trimethyl-11-(2- methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-9-(2-trimethylsilylethoxy)methoxyundeca-6,10-dienal 59 that corresponded to the fully functionalised C(7)-C(17) fragment of epothilone D 2. A precedented stereoselective aldol condensation followed by O-protection, selective deprotection, oxidation and macrocyclisation then gave the macrolide 71 that was deprotected to complete a synthesis of epothilone D 2. Finally regio- and stereo-selective epoxidation gave epothilone B 1.
Synthesis of epothilone D with the forced application of oxycyclopropane intermediates
Hurski,Kulinkovich
, p. 1653 - 1674 (2012/04/04)
The total synthesis of epothilone D with six-fold application in the intermediate stages of successive cyclopropanation - opening or cleavage of the three-membered ring was performed. These transformations underlie the new stereoselective method developed for coupling fragments C7-C 12 and C13-C21 in the target molecule.
Total synthesis of epothilone D by sixfold ring cleavage of cyclopropanol intermediates
Hurski, Alaksiej L.,Kulinkovich, Oleg G.
scheme or table, p. 3497 - 3500 (2010/09/05)
The ring-opening or ring fragmentation reactions of cyclopropanol intermediates are used in the total synthesis of epothilone D for the creation of trisubstituted double bonds, an ethyl ketone functionality, as well as for the protection of carboxylic and ester groups. Epothilone D is obtained in 1.6% overall yield (24 steps in the longest linear sequence) starting from (R)-methyl 2,3-O-isopropylideneglycerate. The key cyclopropanol intermediates are efficiently obtained by titanium(IV)-catalyzed reactions of readily available esters with Grignard reagents. Crown Copyright
METHODS, KITS, AND COMPOUNDS FOR DETERMINING RESPONSIVENESS TO TREATMENT OF A PATHOLOGICAL DISORDER BY EPOTHILONES
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, (2009/04/24)
The invention provides methods, kits and compounds for determining the potential responsiveness of a subject suffering from a pathological disorder, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), to treatment with an epothilone by analyzing the gene expression profile and/or certain molecular markers in a sample obtained from said subject. The invention further relates to methods, compounds and uses of said compounds for treating subjects suffering from said pathologic disorder, optionally in combination with other therapeutic agents. Also provided are genes and/or proteins encoded by them whose expression level have been determined to differ between epothilone responders and epothilone non-responders.
