cas 191226-98-9, tert-Butyl [(1S,2R)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxy-3-[isobutyl[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]amino]propyl]carbamate

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Design and evaluation of novel piperidine HIV-1 protease inhibitors with potency against DRV-resistant variants
A novel class of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with flexible piperidine as the P2 ligand was designed with the aim of improving extensive interactions with the active subsites. Many inhibitors exhibited good to excellent inhibitory effect on enzymatic activity and viral infectivity. In particular, inhibitor 3a with (R)-piperidine-3-carboxamide as the P2 ligand and 4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide as the P2’ ligand showed an enzyme Ki value of 29 pM and antiviral IC50 value of 0.13 nM, more than six-fold enhancement of activity compared to DRV. Furthermore, there was no significant change in potency against DRV-resistant mutations and HIV-1NL4?3 variant for 3a. Besides, inhibitor 3a exhibited potent antiviral activity against subtype C variants with low nanomole EC50 values. In addition, the molecular modeling revealed important hydrogen bonds and other favorable van der Waals interactions with the backbone atoms of the protease and provided insight for designing and optimizing more potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
Zhu, Mei,Zhou, Huiyu,Ma, Ling,Dong, Biao,Zhou, Jinming,Zhang, Guoning,Wang, Minghua,Wang, Juxian,Cen, Shan,Wang, Yucheng
(2021/06/02)

Design and biological evaluation of cinnamic and phenylpropionic amide derivatives as novel dual inhibitors of HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase
Upon the basis of both possible ligand-binding site interactions and the uniformity of key residues in active sites, a novel class of HIV-1 PR/RT dual inhibitors was designed and evaluated. Cinnamic acids or phenylpropionic acids with more flexible chain and smaller steric hindrance were introduced into the inhibitors, giving rise to significant improvement in HIV-1 RT inhibitory activity by one or two orders of magnitude, with comparable or even improved potency against PR at the same time, compared with coumarin anologues in our previous studies. Among these inhibitors, 38d displayed a 19-fold improvement in anti-PR activity with IC50 value of 0.081 nM compared to the control DRV. In addition, inhibitor 38c exhibited an excellent anti-RT IC50 value of 0.43 μM, only a 4.7-fold less potent activity than the control EFV. More significantly, the disparate ratio between HIV-1 PR and RT inhibition became more reasonable with ratio of 1: 10.4, just as 37b. Furthermore, the assays on HIV-1 late stage and early stage supported the rationality of designing dual inhibitors. The SAR data as well as molecular modeling studies provided new insight for further optimization of more potent HIV-1 PR/RT dual inhibitors.
Zhu, Mei,Shan, Qi,Ma, Ling,Wen, Jiajia,Dong, Biao,Zhang, Guoning,Wang, Minghua,Wang, Juxian,Zhou, Jinming,Cen, Shan,Wang, Yucheng
(2021/05/04)

Rational design and Structure?Activity relationship of coumarin derivatives effective on HIV-1 protease and partially on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase
Since dual inhibitors may yield lower toxicity and reduce the likelihood of drug resistance, as well as inhibitors of HIV-1 PR and RT constitute the core of chemotherapy for AIDS treatment, we herein designed and synthesized new coumarin derivatives characterized by various linkers that exhibited excellent potency against PR and a weak inhibition of RT. Among which, compounds 6f and 7c inhibited PR with IC50 values of 15.5 and 62.1 nM, respectively, and weakly affected also RT with IC50 values of 241.8 and 188.7 μM, respectively, showing the possibility in the future of developing dual HIV-1 PR/RT inhibitors. Creative stimulation for further research of more potent dual HIV-1 inhibitors was got according to the molecular docking studies.
Zhu, Mei,Ma, Ling,Wen, Jiajia,Dong, Biao,Wang, Yujia,Wang, Zhen,Zhou, Jinming,Zhang, Guoning,Wang, Juxian,Guo, Ying,Liang, Chen,Cen, Shan,Wang, Yucheng
(2019/12/09)

An improved and robust scale-up process aided with identification and control of critical process impurities in darunavir ethanolate
A robust and safe industrial process, including five isolations and drying steps for widely prescribed anti-HIV (protease inhibitor) drug darunavir ethanolate 2, has been developed. A salient feature of this process is the development of procedures enabling the efficient synthesis of multi-kilogram quantity of darunavir ethanolate, and process demonstrations through plant scale preparation are offered where darunavir molecule has been prepared with overall > 70% chemical yield and > 99.8% purity without involving any purification procedure(s), with all possible process impurities below than the desired limit (not more than 0.08%) were isolated, synthesized and characterized. The developed process is entirely robust, very efficient and demonstrated up to kilograms scale.
Girigani, Sathyanarayana,Singh, Harnam,Kola, Sankar Rao,Dayanand Yelmeli, Vijayalaxmi,Regula, Venu Gopal,Shah, Sakshi,Jain, Neelu,Kumar, Pramod
p. 267 - 281
(2019/08/26)

Preliminary SAR and biological evaluation of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pyrimidine bases as novel P2 ligands to enhance activity against DRV-resistant HIV-1 variants
Introducing pyrimidine bases, the basic components of nucleic acid, to P2 ligands might enhance the potency of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors because of the carbonyl and amino groups promoting the formation of extensive hydrogen bonding interactions. In this work, we provide evidence that inhibitor 10e, with N-2-(2,4-Dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl) acetamide as the P2 ligand and a 4-methoxylphenylsulfonamide as the P2′ ligand, displayed remarkable enzyme inhibitory and antiviral activity, with the IC50 2.53 nM in vitro and a promising inhibition ratio with 68% against wild-type HIV-1 in vivo, with low cytotoxicity. This inhibitor also exhibited appreciable antiviral activity against DRV-resistant HIV-1 variants, which was of great value for further study.
Zhu, Mei,Ma, Ling,Zhou, Huiyu,Dong, Biao,Wang, Yujia,Wang, Zhen,Zhou, Jinming,Zhang, Guoning,Wang, Juxian,Liang, Chen,Cen, Shan,Wang, Yucheng
(2019/11/28)

Novel HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Morpholine as the P2 Ligand to Enhance Activity against DRV-Resistant Variants
Flexible heterocyclic moieties as the P2 ligands of HIV-1 protease inhibitors may be adapted to the minimally distorted active site of mutations easily and enhance activity against DRV-resistant HIV-1 variants. Herein, the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new series of inhibitors containing morpholine derivatives as the P2 ligands were described, among which, carbamate inhibitor 23a and carbamido inhibitor 27a exhibited almost 4- and 2-fold superior activity with enzyme Ki of 0.092 nM and 0.21 nM, as well as antiviral IC50 values of 0.41 nM and 0.95 nM, respectively, compared to DRV. Besides, they exhibited excellent activity with inhibition of 94percent and 91percent, respectively. Furthermore, they also showed appreciable antiviral activity against DRV-resistant HIV-1 variants.
Cen, Shan,Dong, Biao,Dou, Yue,Ma, Ling,Wang, Juxian,Wang, Yucheng,Zhang, Fan,Zhang, Guoning,Zhou, Jinming,Zhu, Mei
p. 1196 - 1204
(2020/07/04)

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pentacyclic triterpenoids as P2-ligands
The design, synthesis and SAR study of a new series of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with pentacyclic triterpenoids as P2 ligands and phenylsulfonamide as P2′ ligands were discussed. These compounds exhibited micromolar inhibitory potency, among which compound T1c displayed HIV-1 protease inhibition with IC50 values of 0.12 μM, which was 67 times the inhibitory activity of its raw material Ursolic acid (8.0 μM).
Zhu, Mei,Du, Xiao-Nan,Li, Yun-Ge,Zhang, Guo-Ning,Wang, Ju-Xian,Wang, Yu-Cheng
p. 357 - 361
(2019/01/04)

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new HIV-1 protease inhibitors with purine bases as P2-ligands
Introducing purine bases to P2-ligands might enhance the potency of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitory because of the carbonyl and NH groups promoting the formation of extensive H-bonding interactions. In this work, thirty-three compounds are synthesized and evaluated, among which inhibitors 16a, 16f and 16j containing N-2-(6-substituted-9H-purin-9-yl)acetamide as the P2-ligands along with 4-methoxylphenylsulfonamide as the P2′-ligand, display potent inhibitory effect on the activity of HIV-1 protease with IC50 43 nM, 42 nM and 68 nM in vitro, respectively.
Zhu, Mei,Dong, Biao,Zhang, Guo-Ning,Wang, Ju-Xian,Cen, Shan,Wang, Yu-Cheng
p. 1541 - 1545
(2019/04/25)

Design and synthesis of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with (S)-tetrahydrofuran-tertiary amine-acetamide as P2?ligand: Structure?activity studies and biological evaluation
The design, synthesis, and SAR study of a new series of HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating stereochemically defined tetrahydrofuran-tertiary amine-acetamide P2-ligand are described. Various substituent effects on the tertiary amine P2-ligand and phenylsulfonamide P2′-ligand were investigated to maximize the ligand-binding site interactions in the protease active site. Most of inhibitors displayed low nanomolar to subnanomolar inhibitory potency. Inhibitor 20e containing N-(S-tetrahydrofuran)-N-(2-methoxyethyl)acetamide as P2-ligand along with 4-methoxylphenylsulfonamide as P2′-ligand displayed the most potent enzyme inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.35 nM) and remarkably low cytotoxicity (CC50 = 305 μM).
Bai, Xiaoguang,Yang, Zhiheng,Zhu, Mei,Dong, Biao,Zhou, Lei,Zhang, Guoning,Wang, Juxian,Wang, Yucheng
p. 30 - 44
(2017/05/31)

A Concise One-Pot Organo- and Biocatalyzed Preparation of Enantiopure Hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-ol: An Approach to the Synthesis of HIV Protease Inhibitors
A simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of enantiopure hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-ol, a crucial component of HIV-1 protease inhibitors, was developed. The one-pot process involves an organocatalytic condensation followed by an enzymatic optical resolution. The condensation of 1,2-dihydrofuran and glycolaldehyde was achieved using Schreiner's thiourea catalyst (1 mol-%). A subsequent lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution gave the target alcohol with >99 % ee. To demonstrate the practicality of this method, Darunavir, an HIV-1 protease inhibitor used to treat multi-drug-resistant HIV, was synthesized.
Kanemitsu, Takuya,Inoue, Mizuho,Yoshimura, Nono,Yoneyama, Kazutoshi,Watarai, Rie,Miyazaki, Michiko,Odanaka, Yuki,Nagata, Kazuhiro,Itoh, Takashi
p. 1874 - 1880
(2016/05/09)

4-amino-N-[ (2R, 3S) - 3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenyl-butyl]-N- isobutyl-benzene sulfonaide preparation method
The invention discloses a method for preparing 4-amino-N-[(2R,3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-benzene butyl]-N-isobutyl benzsulfamide. The method comprises the following steps: S1: enabling L-phenylalanine and diazomethane to react to obtain a diazo methyl ketone intermediate product, and enabling the diazo methyl ketone intermediate product and haloid acid to react to obtain a compound A; S2, conducting carbonyl deoxidation on the compound A to obtain a compound B; S3, under the existence of iso-butylamine, conducting cyclization reaction and ring-opening reaction on the compound B in sequence to obtain a compound C; S4, enabling the compound C and nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride to react to obtain a compound D; S5, conducting nitro reduction on the compound D to obtain the 4-amino-N-[(2R,3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-benzene butyl]-N-isobutyl benzsulfamide. The method is simple in course, low in cost, mild in condition, and higher in intermediate product stability, and is beneficial for industrial application.
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Paragraph 0086; 0087

(2017/03/17)

NOVEL SOLVATES OF DARUNAVIR
The present invention relates to novel solvates of Darunavir of Formula I.
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Paragraph 0098; 0099; 0100

(2015/05/26)

Crystalline Darunavir
The present invention relates to a non-solvated crystalline Darunavir, process for its preparation and pharmaceutical composition comprising it. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of amorphous Darunavir from a non-solvated crystalline Darunavir.
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Paragraph 0049

(2014/12/09)

CRYSTALLINE DARUNAVIR
The present invention relates to a non-solvated crystalline Darunavir, process for its preparation and pharmaceutical composition comprising it. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of amorphous Darunavir from a non-solvated crystalline Darunavir.
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Page/Page column 7

(2013/08/15)

NOVEL SOLVATES OF DARUNAVIR
The present invention relates to novel solvates of Darunavir of Formula (I).
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Page/Page column 14; 15; 16

(2013/07/31)

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SULFONAMIDES USEFUL AS RETROVIRAL PROTEASE INHIBITORS
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of sulfonamides useful as retroviral protease inhibitors.
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Page/Page column 20; 21

(2013/03/26)

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF DARUNAVIR
A process for the preparation of Darunavir comprises the reacting of 4-amino-N-(2R,3S) (3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl)-N-isobutyl-benzenesulfonamide with (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-ol derivative in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and isolating the resulting Darunavir. The process yields Darunavir with a very low level of the difuranyl impurity.
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Page/Page column 9

(2012/10/08)

NOVEL CARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVES AS HIV INHIBITORS
The present invention relates to carboxamide derivatives of Formula (I), where B1, B2, X, L, n, R, R1, R2, Z1, Z2, Rx and Ry are as defined in the claims, as compounds and compositions for inhibiting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and process for making the compounds.
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Page/Page column 39-40

(2011/06/19)

AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF DARUNAVIR
The present invention relates to the process for the preparation of Darunavir, solvates or pharmaceutically acceptable salts with improved yield and quality having the difuranyl impurity of formula (1) less than 0.1%. The present invention also relates to provide processes for the preparation of amorphous Darunavir. Further, the present invention also relates to pharmaceutical composition of crystalline or amorphous Darunavir, solvates or pharmaceutically acceptable salts having the difuranyl impurity of formula (1) less than 0.1%.
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Page/Page column 18

(2011/05/06)

PROTEASE INHIBITORS
Compounds useful as protease inhibitors are provided, as are methods of use and preparation of such compounds and compositions containing such compounds. In one embodiment, the compounds are useful for inhibiting HIV protease enzymes, and are therefore useful in slowing the proliferation of HIV.
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Page/Page column 108; 109

(2010/08/04)

Structure-based design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating phenyloxazolidinones
A series of new HIV-1 protease inhibitors with the hydroxyethylamine core and different phenyloxazolidinone P2 ligands were designed and synthesized. Variation of phenyl substitutions at the P2 and P2' moieties significantly affected the binding affinity and antiviral potency of the inhibitors. In general, compounds with 2- and 4-substituted phenyloxazolidinones at P2 exhibited lower binding affinities than 3-substituted analogues. Crystal structure analyses of ligand-enzyme complexes revealed different binding modes for 2- and 3-substituted P2 moieties in the protease S2 binding pocket, which may explain their different binding affinities. Several compounds with 3-substituted P2 moieties demonstrated picomolar binding affinity and low nanomolar antiviral potency against patient-derived viruses from HIV-1 clades A, B, and C, and most retained potency against drug-resistant viruses. Further optimization of these compounds using structure-based design may lead to the development of novel protease inhibitors with improved activity against drug-resistant strains of HIV-1.
Ali, Akbar,Reddy, G. S. Kiran Kumar,Nalam, Madhavi N. L.,Anjum, Saima Ghafoor,Cao, Hong,Schiffer, Celia A.,Rana, Tariq M.
scheme or table
p. 7699 - 7708
(2010/12/30)

METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF N-ISOBUTYL-N-(2-HYDROXY-3-AMINO-4-PHENYLBUTYL)-P-NITROBENZENESULFONYLAMIDE DERIVATIVES
A process for the preparation of N-isobutyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-amino-4-phenylbutyl)-p-nitrobenzenesulfonylamide derivatives (I) in which a 1-benzyl-2-hydroxy-3-isobutylamine derivative (II) is reacted with a p-nitrophenylsulfonyl halide (III) in a solvent comprising a secondary or tertiary alcohol.
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Page/Page column 4; 11-12

(2008/12/08)

PROCESS AND COMPOUND
The present invention relates to a process for preparing certain sulphonamide intermediates useful in the preparation of HIV inhibitors and to the crystal forms thereof.
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Page/Page column 8-9

(2008/06/13)

Discovery of imidazolidine-2,4-dione-linked HIV protease inhibitors with activity against lopinavir-resistant mutant HIV
A new series of HIV protease inhibitors has been designed and synthesized based on the combination of the (R)-(hydroxyethylamino)sulfonamide isostere and the cyclic urea component of lopinavir. The series was optimized by replacing the 6-membered cyclic urea linker with an imidazolidine-2,4-dione which readily underwent N-alkylation to incorporate various methylene-linked heterocycle groups that bind favorably in site 3 of HIV protease. Significant improvements compared to lopinavir were seen in cell culture activity versus wild-type virus (pNL4-3) and the lopinavir-resistant mutant virus A17 (generated by in vitro serial passage of HIV-1 (pNL4-3) in MT-4 cells). Select imidazolidine-2,4-dione containing PIs were also more effective at inhibiting highly resistant patient isolates Pt1 and Pt2 than lopinavir. Pharmacokinetic data collected for compounds in this series varied considerably when coadministered orally in the rat with an equal amount of ritonavir (5 mg/kg each). The AUC values ranged from 0.144 to 12.33 μg h/mL.
Flosi, William J.,DeGoey, David A.,Grampovnik, David J.,Chen, Hui-ju,Klein, Larry L.,Dekhtyar, Tatyana,Masse, Sherie,Marsh, Kennan C.,Mo, Hong Mei,Kempf, Dale
p. 6695 - 6712
(2007/10/03)

Discovery of HIV-1 protease inhibitors with picomolar affinities incorporating N-aryl-oxazolidinone-5-carboxamides as novel P2 ligands
Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating N-phenyloxazolidinone-5-carboxamides into the (hydroxyethylamino)sulfonamide scaffold as P2 ligands. Series of inhibitors with variations at the P2 phenyloxazolidinone and the P2′ phenylsulfonamide moieties were synthesized. Compounds with the (S)-enantiomer of substituted phenyloxazolidinones at P2 show highly potent inhibitory activities against HIV-1 protease. The inhibitors possessing 3-acetyl, 4-acetyl, and 3-trifluoromethyl groups at the phenyl ring of the oxazolidinone fragment are the most potent in each series, with Ki values in the low picomolar (pM) range. The electron-donating groups 4-methoxy and 1,3-dioxolane are preferred at P2′ phenyl ring, as compounds with other substitutions show lower binding affinities. Attempts to replace the isobutyl group at P1′ with small cyclic moieties caused significant loss of affinities in the resulting compounds. Crystal structure analysis of the two most potent inhibitors in complex with the HIV-1 protease provided valuable information on the interactions between the inhibitor and the protease enzyme. In both inhibitor-enzyme complexes, the carbonyl group of the oxazolidinone ring makes hydrogen-bond interactions with relatively conserved Asp29 residue of the protease. Potent inhibitors from each series incorporating various phenyloxazolidinone based P2 ligands were selected and their activities against a panel of multidrug-resistant (MDR) protease variants were determined. Interestingly, the most potent protease inhibitor starts out with extremely tight affinity for the wild-type enzyme (Ki = 0.8 pM), and even against the MDR variants it retains picomolar to low nanomolar Ki, which is highly comparable with the best FDA-approved protease inhibitors.
Ali, Akbar,Reddy, G. S. Kiran Kumar,Cao, Hong,Anjum, Saima Ghafoor,Nalam, Madhavi N. L.,Schiffer, Celia A.,Rana, Tariq M.
p. 7342 - 7356
(2007/10/03)

Oximinoarylsulfonamides as potent HIV protease inhibitors
The need for a potent HIV protease inhibitor (PI) to combat emerging PI-resistant viruses is anticipated. Analogs formulated from the combination of structural fragments of Ritonavir, Lopinavir, and Amprenavir were synthesized. Analogs containing the oxime pharmacophore were found to have improved activities against both wild type and resistant (A17) viruses. The synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SAR) based upon the in vitro IC50 of this series of compounds are reported.
Yeung, Clinton M.,Klein, Larry L.,Flentge, Charles A.,Randolph, John T.,Zhao, Chen,Sun, MingHua,Dekhtyar, Tatyana,Stoll, Vincent S.,Kempf, Dale J.
p. 2275 - 2278
(2007/10/03)

Discovery and selection of TMC114, a next generation HIV-1 protease inhibitor
The screening of known HIV-1 protease inhibitors against a panel of multi-drug-resistant viruses revealed the potent activity of TMC126 on drug-resistant mutants. In comparison to amprenavir, the improved affinity of TMC126 is largely the result of one extra hydrogen bond to the backbone of the protein in the P2 pocket. Modification of the substitution pattern on the phenylsulfonamide P2′ substituent of TMC126 created an interesting SAR, with the close analogue TMC114 being found to have a similar antiviral activity against the mutant and the wild-type viruses. X-ray and thermodynamic studies on both wild-type and mutant enzymes showed an extremely high enthalpy driven affinity of TMC114 for HIV-1 protease. In vitro selection of mutants resistant to TMC114 starting from wild-type virus proved to be extremely difficult; this was not the case for other close analogues. Therefore, the extra H-bond to the backbone in the P2 pocket cannot be the only explanation for the interesting antiviral profile of TMC114. Absorption studies in animals indicated that TMC114 has pharmacokinetic properties comparable to currently approved HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
Surleraux, Dominique L. N. G.,Tahri, Abdellah,Verschueren, Wim G.,Pille, Geert M. E.,De Kock, Herman A.,Jonckers, Tim H. M.,Peeters, Anik,De Meyer, Sandra,Azijn, Hilde,Pauwels, Rudi,De Bethune, Marie-Pierre,King, Nancy M.,Prabu-Jeyabalan, Moses,Schiffer, Celia A.,Wigerinck, Piet B. T. P.
p. 1813 - 1822
(2007/10/03)

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF (3R,3AS,6AR)-HEXAHYDROFURO [2,3-B] FURAN-3-YL (1S,2R)-3-[[(4-AMINOPHENYL) SULFONYL] (ISOBUTYL) AMINO]-1-BENZYL-2-HYDROXYPROPYLCARBAMATE
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of (3R,3aS,6aR)--hexahydrofuro [2,3-b] furan-3-yl (1S,2R)-3-[[(4-aminophenyl) sulfonyl] (isobutyl) amino]-1-benzyl-2-hydroxypropylcarbamate as well as intermediates for use in said process. More in particular the invention relates to processes for the preparation of (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro [2,3-b] furan-3-yl (1S,2R)-3-[[(4-aminophenyl) sulfonyl] (isobutyl) amino]-1-benzyl-2-hydroxypropylcarbamate which make use of 4-amino-N- ((2R,3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl)-N-(isobutyl)benzene sulfonamide intermediate, and to processes amenable to industrial scaling up. (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro [2,3-b] furan-3-yl (1S,2R)-3-[[(4-aminophenyl) sulfonyl] (isobutyl) amino]-1-benzyl-2-hydroxypropylcarbamate is particularly useful as HIV protease inhibitors.
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Page/Page column 25

(2008/06/13)

Stereoselective photochemical 1,3-dioxolane addition to 5-alkoxymethyl-2(5H)-furanone: Synthesis of bis-tetrahydrofuranyl ligand for HIV protease inhibitor UIC-94017 (TMC-114)
A convenient synthesis of (3R,3aS,6aR)-3-hydroxyhexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan, a high-affinity non-peptidal ligand for HIV protease inhibitor UIC-94017, is described. This inhibitor is undergoing advanced clinical trials. The synthesis utilizes a novel stereoselective photochemical 1,3-dioxolane addition to 5(S)-benzyloxymethyl-2(5H)-furanone as the key step. The requisite furanone derivative was prepared in high enantiomeric excess by an immobilized lipase-catalyzed selective acylation of (±)-1-(benzyloxy)-3-buten-2-ol and a ring-closing olefin metathesis with Grubbs' catalyst. Optically active bis-THF was converted to protease inhibitor 2 (UIC-94017).
Ghosh, Arun K.,Leshchenko, Sofiya,Noetzel, Marcus
p. 7822 - 7829
(2007/10/03)

Synthesis of a chiral aziridine derivative as a versatile intermediate for HIV protease inhibitors.
[reaction: see text] Chiral aziridine derivative 1 was prepared from D-tartaric acid. This compound could be utilized as a common intermediate for the synthesis of hydroxyethylamine class HIV protease inhibitors such as saquinavir, amprenavir, or nelfinavir.
Kim,Bae,So,Yoo,Chang,Lee,Kang
p. 2349 - 2351
(2007/10/03)

Process for the synthesis of HIV protease inhibitors
An improved process for the synthesis of (3S)-tetrahydro-3-furyl N-[(1S,2R)-3 -(4-amino-N-isobutylbenzenesulphonamido)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxypropyl]carbamate comprising four steps form the compound of formula A and a novel intermediate thereto.
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(2008/06/13)

2',6'-Dimethylphenoxyacetyl: A new achiral high affinity P3-P2 ligand for peptidomimetic-based HIV protease inhibitors
Starting from palinavir (1), our lead HIV protease inhibitor, we have discovered a new series of truncated analogues in which the P3-P2 quinaldic-valine portion of 1 was replaced by 2',6'-dimethylphenoxyacetyl. With EC50's in the 1-2 nM range, some of these compounds are among the most potent inhibitors of HIV replication in vitro, reported to date. One of the most promising members in this series (compound 27, BILA 2185 BS) exhibited a favorable overall pharmacokinetic profile, with 61% apparent oral bioavailability in rat. X-ray crystal structures and molecular modeling were used to rationalize the high potency resulting from incorporation of this structurally simple, achiral ligand into the P3-P2 position of hydroxyethylamine-based HIV protease inhibitors.
Beaulieu, Pierre L.,Anderson, Paul C.,Cameron, Dale R.,Croteau, Gilbert,Gorys, Vida,Grand-Ma?tre, Chantal,Lamarre, Daniel,Liard, Francine,Paris, William,Plamondon, Louis,Soucy, Fran?ois,Thibeault, Diane,Wernic, Dominik,Yoakim, Christiane,Pav, Susan,Tong, Liang
p. 1094 - 1108
(2007/10/03)