- Chromoselective Synthesis of Sulfonyl Chlorides and Sulfonamides with Potassium Poly(heptazine imide) Photocatalyst
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Among external stimuli used to promote a chemical reaction, photocatalysis possesses a unique one—light. Photons are traceless reagents that provide an exclusive opportunity to alter chemoselectivity of the photocatalytic reaction varying the color of incident light. This strategy may be implemented by using a sensitizer capable to activate a specific reaction pathway depending on the excitation light. Herein, we use potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K-PHI), a type of carbon nitride, to generate selectively three different products from S-arylthioacetates simply varying the excitation light and otherwise identical conditions. Namely, arylchlorides are produced under UV/purple, sulfonyl chlorides with blue/white, and diaryldisulfides at green to red light. A combination of the negatively charged polyanion, highly positive potential of the valence band, presence of intraband states, ability to sensitize singlet oxygen, and multi-electron transfer is shown to enable this chromoselective conversion of thioacetates.
- Antonietti, Markus,Guldi, Dirk M.,Markushyna, Yevheniia,Savateev, Aleksandr,Schü?lbauer, Christoph M.,Ullrich, Tobias
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supporting information
p. 20543 - 20550
(2021/08/12)
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- Facile synthesis of sulfonyl chlorides/bromides from sulfonyl hydrazides
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A simple and rapid method for efficient synthesis of sulfonyl chlorides/bromides from sulfonyl hydrazide with NXS (X = Cl or Br) and late-stage conversion to several other functional groups was described. A variety of nucleophiles could be engaged in this transformation, thus permitting the synthesis of complex sulfonamides and sulfonates. In most cases, these reactions are highly selective, simple, and clean, affording products at excellent yields.
- Chen, Rongxiang,Xu, Shaohong,Shen, Fumin,Xu, Canran,Wang, Kaikai,Wang, Zhanyong,Liu, Lantao
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- High yielding protocol for direct conversion of thiols to sulfonyl chlorides and sulfonamides
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In this paper, a new method for oxidative chlorination of thiols to sulfonyl chlorides and sulfonamides using H2O2 in the presence of TMSCl is reported. The excellent yields, short reaction times, excellent efficiencies, low costs, and easy separation of products are the most important advantages of this method.
- Sohrabnezhad, Samira,Bahrami, Kiumars,Hakimpoor, Farahman
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p. 256 - 264
(2019/02/06)
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- Aromatic Chlorosulfonylation by Photoredox Catalysis
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Visible-light photoredox catalysis enables the efficient synthesis of arenesulfonyl chlorides from anilines. The new protocol involves the convenient in situ preparation of arenediazonium salts (from anilines) and the reactive gases SO2and HCl (from aqueous SOCl2). The photocatalytic chlorosulfonylation operates at mild conditions (room temperature, acetonitrile/water) with low catalyst loading. Various functional groups are tolerated (e.g., halides, azides, nitro groups, CF3, SF5, esters, heteroarenes). Theoretical and experimental studies support a photoredox-catalysis mechanism.
- Májek, Michal,Neumeier, Michael,Jacobi von Wangelin, Axel
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p. 151 - 155
(2017/01/17)
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- Aminoxidation of Arenethiols to N-Chloro-N-sulfonyl Sulfinamides
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A simple and efficient method to synthesize N-chloro-N-sulfonylsulfinamides by the direct aminoxidation of arenethiols under aqueous and mild conditions is disclosed, geminally installing the oxo and amino groups on the sulfur atom of arenethiols. The products have been primarily developed as sulfinylation reagents to convert Grignard reagents into sulfoxides, and as amination reagents to convert secondary amines into hydrazine derivatives.
- Yang, Zhanhui,Xu, Wei,Wu, Qiuyue,Xu, Jiaxi
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p. 3051 - 3057
(2016/04/26)
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- Synthesis and methemoglobinemia-inducing properties of analogues of para-aminopropiophenone designed as humane rodenticides
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A number of structural analogues of the known toxicant para- aminopropiophenone (PAPP) have been prepared and evaluated for their capacity to induce methemoglobinemia - with a view to their possible application as humane pest control agents. It was found that an optimal lipophilicity for the formation of methemoglobin (metHb) in vitro existed for alkyl analogues of PAPP (aminophenones 1-20; compound 6 metHb% = 74.1 ± 2). Besides lipophilicity, this structural sub-class suggested there were certain structural requirements for activity, with both branched (10-16) and cyclic (17-20) alkyl analogues exhibiting inferior in vitro metHb induction. Of the four candidates (compounds 4, 6, 13 and 23) evaluated in vivo, 4 exhibited the greatest toxicity. In parallel, aminophenone bioisosteres, including oximes 30-32, sulfoxide 33, sulfone 34 and sulfonamides 35-36, were found to be inferior metHb inducers to lead ketone 4. Closer examination of Hammett substituent constants suggests that a particular combination of the field and resonance parameters may be significant with respect to the redox mechanisms behind PAPPs metHb toxicity.
- Rennison, David,Conole, Daniel,Tingle, Malcolm D.,Yang, Junpeng,Eason, Charles T.,Brimble, Margaret A.
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supporting information
p. 6629 - 6635
(2014/01/06)
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- One-pot tandem reactions for direct conversion of thiols and disulfides to sulfonic esters, alcohols to bis(indolyl)methanes and synthesis of pyrroles catalyzed by N-chloro reagents
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A convenient synthesis of sulfonic esters from thiols and disulfides has been described. In situ preparation of sulfonyl chlorides from thiols is accomplished by oxidation with Chloramin-T, tetra-butylammonium chloride (t-Bu4NCl) and water. The sulfonyl chlorides are then further allowed to react with phenol derivatives in the same reaction vessel. Also, a facile synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes from alcohols using TCCA/KBr/wet-SiO2, and N-substituted pyrroles by reaction of hexane-2,5-dione with primary amines has been accomplished under mild condition with excellent yields.
- Veisi, Hojat,Ataee, Meral,Fatolahi, Leila,Lotfi, Shahram
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p. 111 - 117
(2013/07/26)
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- One-pot tandem reactions for direct conversion of thiols and disulfides to sulfonic esters, and Paal-Knorr synthesis of pyrrole derivatives catalyzed by TCCA
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A convenient synthesis of sulfonic esters from thiols and disulfides is described. In situ preparation of sulfonyl chlorides from thiols is accomplished by oxidation with trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA), tetra-butylammonium chloride (t-Bu4NCl), and water. The sulfonyl chlorides are then further allowed to react with phenol derivatives in the same reaction vessel. Also, a facile synthesis of N-substituted pyrroles by the reaction of hexane-2,5-dione with primary amines has been accomplished using TCCA as a catalyst under mild condition with excellent yields.
- Hemmati, Saba,Mojtahedi, Mohammad Majid,Abaee, Mohammad Saeed,Vafajoo, Zahra,Saremi, Shokufe Ghahri,Noroozi, Mohammad,Sedrpoushan, Alireza,Ataee, Meral
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p. 347 - 357
(2013/09/23)
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- One-pot synthesis of sulfonamides and sulfonyl azides from thiols using chloramine-T
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A convenient synthesis of sulfonamides and sulfonyl azides from thiols is described. In situ preparation of sulfonyl chlorides from thiols was accomplished by oxidation with chloramine-T (=N-chlorotosylamide=N-chloro-4- methylbenzenesulfonamide), tetrabutylammonium chloride (Bu4NCl), and H2O. The sulfonyl chlorides were then further allowed to react with excess amine or NaN3 in the same pot.
- Maleki, Behrooz,Hemmati, Saba,Tayebee, Reza,Salemi, Sirous,Farokhzad, Yasaman,Baghayeri, Mehdi,Zonoz, Farrokhzad Mohammadi,Akbarzadeh, Elahe,Moradi, Rohollah,Entezari, Azam,Abdi, Mohammad Reza,Ashrafi, Samaneh Sedigh,Taimazi, Fereshteh,Hashemi, Majid
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p. 2147 - 2151
(2013/12/04)
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- Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) and N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) as efficient reagents for the direct oxidative conversion of thiols and disulfides to sulfonyl chlorides
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Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) and N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) were found to be mild and efficient reagents for the direct oxidative conversion of sulfur compounds to the corresponding arenesulfonyl chlorides in good-to-excellent yields through the oxidative chlorination. The overall process is simple and practical, and it provides convenient access to a variety of aryl or heteroarylsulfonyl chlorides. The mild reaction conditions and the broad substrate scope render this method attractive and complementary to existing syntheses of aryl or heteroarylsulfonyl chlorides. Copyright
- Veisi, Hojat,Sedrpoushan, Alireza,Hemmati, Saba,Kordestani, Davood
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experimental part
p. 769 - 775
(2012/06/30)
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- Synthesis of sulfonyl chlorides and sulfonic acids in SDS micelles
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H2O2/POCl3 is found to be a reactive reagent system that can be used in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar solution in aqueous media for the direct oxidative chlorination of thiol and di-sulfide derivatives to give the desired sulfonyl chlorides. The oxidation of thiols and disulfides to sulfonic acids with this system is also reported. In most cases, these reactions are highly selective, simple, and clean, affording products in excellent yields and high purity. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.
- Bahrami, Kiumars,Khodaei, Mohammad M.,Abbasi, Jamshid
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experimental part
p. 316 - 322
(2012/03/26)
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- Synthesis of sulfonyl chlorides and thiosulfonates from H2O 2-TiCl4
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A new method is described for the oxidative chlorination of thiols to sulfonyl chlorides using titanium tetrachloride in combination with the oxidant hydrogen peroxide. Direct conversion of thiols into their corresponding thiosulfonates is also reported. Good to excellent yields, short reaction times, high efficiencies, cost-effectiveness, and, facile isolation of the desired products make the present methodology a practical alternative.
- Bahrami, Kiumars,Khodaei, Mohammad M.,Khaledian, Donya
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experimental part
p. 354 - 358
(2012/01/19)
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- Synthesis of sulfonamides and sulfonic esters via reaction of amines and phenols with thiols using H2O2-POCl3 system
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Phosphorus oxychloride efficiently promoted the synthesis of sulfonamides and sulfonic esters from thiols with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of Amberlite IRA-400 (OH-). This method has been applied to a variety of substrates including nucleophilic and sterically hindered amines, and also phenols with excellent yields of sulfonamides and sulfonic esters. In most cases these reactions are highly selective, simple, and clean, affording products in excellent yields and high purity.
- Bahrami, Kiumars,Khodaei, Mohammad M.,Abbasi, Jamshid
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5095 - 5101
(2012/07/28)
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- Poly(N,N'-Dichloro-N-ethyl-benzene-1,3-disulfonamide) and N,N,N',N'-Tetrachlorobenzene-1,3-disulfonamide as efficient reagents to direct oxidative conversion of thiols and disulfide to sulfonyl chlorides
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Poly(N,N'-Dichloro-N-ethyl-benzene-1,3-disulfonamide) (PCBS) and N,N,N',N'-Tetrachlorobenzene-1,3- disulfonamide (TCBDA) were found to be a mild and efficient reagent for the direct oxidative conversion of sulfur compounds to the corresponding arenesulfonyl chlorides in good to excellent yields through the oxidative chlorination. The overall process is simple, practical, and it provides convenient access to a variety of aryl or heteroarylsulfonyl chlorides. The mild reaction conditions and the broad substrate scope render this method attractive, and complementary to existing syntheses of aryl or heteroarylsulfonyl chlorides.
- Veisi, Hojat,Ghorbani-Vaghei, Ramin,Mahmoodi, Jafar
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experimental part
p. 3692 - 3695
(2012/01/11)
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- Convenient one-pot synthesis of sulfonamides and sulfonyl azides from thiols using N -chlorosuccinimide
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A convenient synthesis of sulfonamides and sulfonyl azides from thiols is described. In situ preparation of sulfonyl chlorides from thiols is accomplished by oxidation with N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS), tetrabutylammonium chloride, and water. The sulfonyl chlorides are then further allowed to react with excess amine or sodium azide in the same reaction vessel. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart - New York.
- Veisi, Hojat,Ghorbani-Vaghei, Ramin,Hemmati, Saba,Mahmoodi, Jafar
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experimental part
p. 2315 - 2320
(2011/10/13)
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- TAPC-promoted synthesis of sulfonyl chlorides from sulfonic acids
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A novel and efficient method is described for the preparation of sulfonyl chlorides from sulfonic acids using TAPC as chlorinating agent. Mild reaction conditions, shorter reaction times, high efficiencies, cost-effectiveness, and facile isolation of the desired products make the present methodology a practical alternative and will provide a valuable synthetic tool for various pharmaceutical applications. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.
- Bahrami, Kiumars
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experimental part
p. 2671 - 2674
(2011/12/04)
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- Preparation of arylsulfonyl chlorides by chlorosulfonylation of in situ generated diazonium salts using a continuous flow reactor
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A new flow procedure for the preparation of arylsulfonyl chlorides from aniline starting materials is described. The reaction conditions are mild, requiring no added acid and are amenable to continuous flow processing, in a safe, easily scalable and less labour intensive way than the corresponding batch method.
- Malet-Sanz, Laia,Madrzak, Julia,Ley, Steven V.,Baxendale, Ian R.
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experimental part
p. 5324 - 5332
(2011/01/12)
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- A simple and highly effective oxidative chlorination protocol for the preparation of arenesulfonyl chlorides
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2,4-Dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DCDMH) was found to be a mild and efficient reagent for the direct oxidative conversion of sulfur compounds to the corresponding arenesulfonyl chlorides in good to excellent yields through oxidative chlorination. The method is suitable for many types of sulfur substrates (thiols, disulfides, and benzylic sulfides). The overall process is simple, practical, and it provides convenient access to a variety of aryl or heteroarylsulfonyl chlorides. The mild reaction conditions and the broad substrate scope render this method attractive and complementary to existing syntheses of aryl or heteroarylsulfonyl chlorides.
- Pu, Yu-Ming,Christesen, Alan,Ku, Yi-Yin
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 418 - 421
(2010/03/04)
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- A new effective synthesis of arene mono- and disulfonyl chlorides
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Arene mono- and disulfonyl chlorides have been easily synthesized starting from the corresponding anilines via aqueous oxidative chlorination of S-aryl O-ethyl dithiocarbonates intermediates, aryl methyl sulfides, or from arenethiols. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Barbero, Margherita,Bazzi, Stefano,Cadamuro, Silvano,Dughera, Stefano,Magistris, Claudio,Venturello, Paolo
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1803 - 1806
(2010/10/20)
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- Aqueous process chemistry: The preparation of aryl sulfonyl chlorides
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The use of aqueous acidic conditions for the preparation of arylsulfonyl chlorides from diazonium salts in the presence of copper salts, preferably CuCl, together with thionyl chloride as the sulfur dioxide source, has considerable advantages over recommended literature procedures, whereby reactions are carried out in acetic acid with minimisation of water content of the solvent. The method has been shown to be successful for a wide range of electron-deficient and electron-neutral aryl substrates. The sulfonyl chlorides are protected from hydrolysis by their low solubility in water, which results in their direct precipitation from the reaction mixture in good yields (>70%) and high strength (>98% w/w). The aqueous process, which is additionally safer and more robust, can be readily scaled up and has significant environmental benefits.
- Hogan, Philip J.,Cox, Brian G.
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experimental part
p. 875 - 879
(2010/04/22)
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- A novel, practical synthesis of sulfonyl chlorides from thiol and disulfide derivatives
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Hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of zirconium tetrachloride, is a very efficient reagent for the direct oxidative conversion of thiol and disulfide derivatives into the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides with high purity through oxidative chlorination. Excellent yields, very short reaction times, mild reaction conditions, and the avoidance of harsh reagents are the main advantages of this method.
- Bahrami, Kiumars,Khodaei, Mohammad Mehdi,Soheilizad, Mehdi
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experimental part
p. 2773 - 2776
(2010/02/28)
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- Direct conversion of thiols to sulfonyl chlorides and sulfonamides
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(Chemical Equation Presented) H2O2 in combination with SOCl2 proved to be a highly reactive reagent for the direct oxidative conversion of thiol derivatives to the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides with high purity through oxidative chlorination. Upon reaction with amines, the corresponding sulfonamides were obtained in excellent yields and in very short reaction times.
- Bahrami, Kiumars,Khodaei, Mohammad M.,Soheilizad, Mehdi
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 9287 - 9291
(2010/03/04)
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- Chlorotrimethylsilane-nitrate salts as oxidants: Direct oxidative conversion of thiols and disulfides to sulfonyl chlorides
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A mixture of nitrate salt and chlorotrimethylsilane is found to be a mild and efficient reagent for the direct oxidative conversion of thiols (1) and disulfides (2) to the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides (3) in excellent yields through oxidative chlorination. Sulfides and sulfoxides were also found to undergo oxidation to sulfones under similar reaction conditions. In most cases these reactions are highly selective, simple, and clean, affording products in high yield and purity.
- Prakash, G. K. Surya,Mathew, Thomas,Panja, Chiradeep,Olah, George A.
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p. 5847 - 5850
(2008/02/09)
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- Sulfonyl chloride formation from thiol derivatives by N-chlorosuccinimide mediated oxidation
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Oxidation of several thiol derivatives by a combination of N-chlorosuccinimide and dilute hydrochloric acid proceeded smoothly, affording the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides in good yield. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Nishiguchi, Atsuko,Maeda, Kazuhiro,Miki, Shokyo
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p. 4131 - 4134
(2008/03/13)
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- Reaction of arendiazonium salts and SO2with α-nitroolefins
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In reaction of β-nitrostyrene and 2-(2-nitrovinyl)furan with arenediazonium chlorides and SO2 in the presence of copper(II) chloride products were obtained resulting from addition of arylsulfonyl group and a hydrogen atom across the C=C bond: 2-nitro-1-phenylethylsulfonylarenes and 2-(1-arylsulfonyl-2-nitroethyl)furans respectively. An anion-radical mechanism of the reaction was suggested.
- Bilaya,Obushak,Buchinskii,Ganushchak
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p. 191 - 194
(2007/10/03)
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- Process for preparing aromatic or heteroaromatic sulfonyl halides
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The present invention is directed to a process for preparing an aromatic or heteroaromatic sulfonyl halide represented by the formula (3), the process comprising halogenating an aromatic or heteroaromatic methyl sulfide represented by the formula (1) or an aromatic or heteroaromatic methyl sulfoxide represented by the formula (2) with a halogenating agent in the presence of water wherein Ar is an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring which is unsubstituted or which has an optional substituent or substituents, X and Y are halogen atoms, m is an integer of 0 to 3 and n is 1 or 2. According to the present invention, aromatic or heteroaromatic sulfonyl halides can be produced industrially cheaply and easily.
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- Effects of medium and substituents on dissociation of 4,4′-disubstituted bis(benzenesulfon)imides
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Ten 4,4′-disubstituted bis(arenesulfon)imides of the general formula XC6H4SO2NHSO2C6H 4X have been synthesized and their structures confirmed by their 1H NMR spectra. Elemental analyses are presented for the compounds not yet described. The dissociation constants of these model substances have been measured potentiometrically in pyridine, dimethylformamide, methanol, ethanol, propylene carbonate, acetone, acetonitrile, 1,2-dichloroethane and tetramethylene sulfone. The pKHA values obtained have been correlated with three sets of the Hammett substituent constants and the results have been used to discuss the solvent and substituent effects on the dissociation of the compounds studied. Sulfonimides with electron-acceptor substituents behave as rather strong acids in some solvents (pyridine, dimethylformamide, methanol and ethanol), whereas normal substituent dependences are found in other solvents. The experimental data have also been interpreted with the help of the statistical methods based on latent variables. From the calculations it follows that only the first principal component, which correlates well with the substituent constant sets adopted, is statistically significant in describing the substituent effect on the acid-base process studied.
- Ludwig, Miroslav,Stverka, Pavel
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p. 1205 - 1214
(2007/10/03)
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- Tetraiodopyrrole derivatives as contrast medium and as antiseptic
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The present invention refers to new contrast media particularly suited for X-ray diagnostic procedures of the human and animal body and also to the new compounds of general formulae (I) and (II). STR1
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- Convenient One-Pot Synthesis of Sulfonyl Chlorides from Thiols Using Sulfuryl Chloride and Metal Nitrate
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Various sulfonyl chlorides were obtained in excellent yields by the reaction of alkyl and aryl thiols with sulfuryl chloride in the presence of metal nitrate under mild condition in aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide.
- Park, Young Jun,Shin, Hyun Ho,Kim, Yong Hae
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p. 1483 - 1486
(2007/10/02)
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- A KINETIC STUDY OF THE FRIEDEL-CRAFTS REACTION OF NAPHTHALENE WITH PARA- SUBSTITUTED BENZENESULPHONYL CHLORIDES: THE EFFECT OF THE SUBSTITUENT
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The kinetics of the Friedel-Crafts reaction of naphthalene with para-substituted benzenesulphonyl chlorides have been investigated.The rate constants for equations (i) (formation of the sulphonyl cation) and (ii) (sulphone formation) were determined separately.The effect of the para-substituents on k1 was XC6H4SO2Cl + AlCl3 XC6H4SO2+*AlCl4- , XC6H4SO24*AlCl4- + C10H8 XC6H4SO2C10H7*AlCl3 + HCl well expressed by Yukawa-Tsuno equation, log(k1X/K1H)= ρ1(Δ?R(+))> where ρ1= -2.7 and γ1= 0.4.On the other hand, the effect of the para-substituents on k3(=k1k2/k-1) was expressed by the Brown-Okamoto equation, log(k3X/k3H)= ρ3?+ where ρ3= -2.8.Thus, the electron-donating para-substituents gave the greater reaction rates.We concluded that the sulphonyl cation gives large negative ρ values as a result of its high reactivity, and that its low selectivity for α-attack is due to a steric effect.These kinetic results have been rationalised in terms of bifunctional acid-base catalysis in phenylsulphonnylation.
- Yoshii, Yoshihiro,Ito, Akiyoshi,Hirashima, Tsuneaki,Shinkai, Seiji,Manabe, Osamu
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p. 777 - 782
(2007/10/02)
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- DISSOCIATION OF SUBSTITUTED BENZENESULPHONAMIDES IN WATER, METHANOL AND ETHANOL
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Thirteen monosubstituted arylsulphonamides (XC6H4SO2NH2) and two 3,4-disubstituted arylsulphonamides (X2C6H3SO2NH2) have been synthetized and their dissociation constants have been measured by potentiometric titration in water, methanol, and ethanol.The Hammett substitution dependences have been calculated for all the media, and changes in the reaction constants due to transition from water to alcohols are discussed in confrontation with analogous dependences of benzoic acids.The reaction constant ρ found in methanol is lower than that in water.The dissociation constants have been treated by the method of the principal components and by multiple linear regression.
- Ludwig, Miroslav,Pytela, Oldrich,Kalfus, Karel,Vecera, Miroslav
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p. 1182 - 1192
(2007/10/02)
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- KINETICS OF THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF AROMATIC SULFO DERIVATIVES TO ACID HALIDES IN CHLORO- AND FLUOROSULFONIC ACID MEDIA
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The pseudofirst-order rate constants for the formation of the corresponding sulfonic acid halides (keff) from sulfo derivatives with the general formula RC6H4SO3X, where X = NH2, Cl, F, and R = H, p-Cl, p-NO2, and m-NO2, were measured by GLC in fluorosulfonic and chlorosulfonic acids.The effect of substituents in the benzene ring on the rate of the transformations of the sulfo derivatives into the halides is similar to the previously investigated effect of substituents on the rate of solvolysis of substituted benzenesulfonyl halides in 100percent sulfuric acid (ρ -4).Com parison of the ratios of the keff values for the transformations of the sulfonamides in chlorosulfonic and fluorosulfonic acids and also the sulfonyl fluorides in 100percent sulfuric acid and chlorosulfonic acid with the ratios of the acidities of the respective media shows that these reactions have acid-catalytic character.The sulfonyl chlorides and sulfonamides in 100percent sulfuric acid are solvolyzed to a significant degree with the participation of H2S2O7.
- Ivanov, S. N.,Gnedin, B. G.
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p. 1909 - 1914
(2007/10/02)
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