- One-dimensional optoelectronic nanostructures derived from the aqueous self-assembly of π-conjugated oligopeptides
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The aqueous self-assembly of oligopeptide-flanked π-conjugated molecules into discrete one-dimensional nanostructures is described. Unique to these molecules is the fact that the π-conjugated unit has been directly embedded within the peptide backbone by way of a synthetic amino acid with π-functionality that is compatible with standard Fmoc-based peptide synthesis. The peptide-based molecular design enforces intimate π-π communication within the aggregate after charge-screening and self-assembly, making these nanostructures attractive for optical or electronic applications in biological environments. The synthesis and assembly are reported along with spectroscopic and morphological characterization of the new nanomaterials. Copyright
- Diegelmann, Stephen R.,Gorham, Justin M.,Tovar, John D.
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- N-acylhydrazones containing thiophene nucleus: a new anticancer class
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In this study, we present a series of N-acylhydrazones containing thiophene nuclei as a new anticancer class. Fifty-seven compounds in this series were evaluated for their activity against four human cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicity (IC50) ranged from 0.82 to 12.90 μM. The compound (E)-N′-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide displayed good cytotoxic activity in all cell lines (IC50 = 0.82–5.36 μM) and yielded the best result in this series; therefore, it is an important lead compound in this new class.
- Cardoso, Laura N. F.,Nogueira, Thais C. M.,Rodrigues, Felipe A. R.,Oliveira, Augusto Cesar Arag?o,Luciano, Maria Claudiados Santos,Pessoa, Claudia,de Souza, Marcus V. N.
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Read Online
- Structure–Property Relationships in Bithiophenes with Hydrogen-Bonded Substituents
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The use of crystal engineering to control the supramolecular arrangement of π-conjugated molecules in the solid-state is of considerable interest for the development of novel organic electronic materials. In this study, we investigated the effect of combining of two types of supramolecular interaction with different geometric requirements, amide hydrogen bonding and π-interactions, on the π-overlap between calamitic π-conjugated cores. To this end, we prepared two series of bithiophene diesters and diamides with methylene, ethylene, or propylene spacers between the bithiophene core and the functional groups in their terminal substituents. The hydrogen-bonded bithiophene diamides showed significantly denser packing of the bithiophene cores than the diesters and other known α,ω-disubstituted bithiophenes. The bithiophene packing density reach a maximum in the bithiophene diamide with an ethylene spacer, which had the smallest longitudinal bithiophene displacement and infinite 1D arrays of electronically conjugated, parallel, and almost linear N?H???O=C hydrogen bonds. The synergistic hydrogen bonding and π-interactions were attributed to the favorable conformation mechanics of the ethylene spacer and resulted in H-type spectroscopic aggregates in solid-state absorption spectroscopy. These results demonstrate that the optoelectronic properties of π-conjugated materials in the solid-state may be tailored systematically by side-chain engineering, and hence that this approach has significant potential for the design of organic and polymer semiconductors.
- ?zen, Bilal,Fadaei Tirani, Farzaneh,Schenk, Kurt,Lin, Kun-Han,Scopelliti, Rosario,Corminboeuf, Clémence,Frauenrath, Holger
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p. 3348 - 3360
(2021/02/01)
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- B(C6F5)3-catalyzed O-H insertion reactions of diazoalkanes with phosphinic acids
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A highly efficient base-, metal-, and oxidant-free catalytic O-H insertion reaction of diazoalkanes and phosphinic acids in the presence of B(C6F5)3has been developed. This powerful methodology provides a green approach towards the synthesis of a broad spectrum of α-phosphoryloxy carbonyl compounds with good to excellent yields (up to 99% yield). The protocol features the advantages of operational simplicity, high atom economy, practicality, easy scalability and environmental friendliness.
- Jiang, Jun,Zhang, Xinzhi,Zhang, Yangyang,Zhao, Jincheng
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supporting information
p. 5772 - 5776
(2021/07/12)
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- Thiophene-based water-soluble fullerene derivatives as highly potent antiherpetic pharmaceuticals
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Here we report the Friedel-Crafts arylation of chlorofullerenes C60Cl6 and C70Cl8 with thiophene-based methyl esters. While C60Cl6 formed expected Cs-C60R5Cl products, C70Cl8 demonstrated a tendency for both substitution of chlorine atoms and addition of an extra thiophene unit, thus forming Cs-C70R8 and C1-C70R9H compounds. The synthesized water-soluble C60 and C70 fullerene derivatives with thiophene-based addends demonstrated high activity against a broad range of viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus, influenza virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus. The record activity of C70 fullerene derivatives against herpes simplex virus together with low toxicity in mice makes them promising candidates for the development of novel non-nucleoside antiherpetic drugs.
- Fedorova, Natalia E.,Godovikov, Ivan A.,Klimova, Regina R.,Kraevaya, Olga A.,Kushch, Alla A.,Mishchenko, Denis V.,Peregudov, Alexander S.,Schols, Dominique,Shestakov, Alexander F.,Troshin, Pavel A.
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supporting information
p. 8702 - 8708
(2020/11/17)
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- Exploiting excited-state aromaticity to design highly stable singlet fission materials
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Singlet fission, the process of forming two triplet excitons from one singlet exciton, is a characteristic reserved for only a handful of organic molecules due to the atypical energetic requirement for low energy excited triplet states. The predominant strategy for achieving such a trait is by increasing ground state diradical character; however, this greatly reduces ambient stability. Herein, we exploit Baird's rule of excited state aromaticity to manipulate the singlet-triplet energy gap and create novel singlet fission candidates. We achieve this through the inclusion of a [4n] 5-membered heterocycle, whose electronic resonance promotes aromaticity in the triplet state, stabilizing its energy relative to the singlet excited state. Using this theory, we design a family of derivatives of indolonaphthyridine thiophene (INDT) with highly tunable excited state energies. Not only do we access novel singlet fission materials, they also exhibit excellent ambient stability, imparted due to the delocalized nature of the triplet excited state. Spin-coated films retained up to 85% activity after several weeks of exposure to oxygen and light, while analogous films of TIPS-pentacene showed full degradation after 4 days, showcasing the excellent stability of this class of singlet fission scaffold. Extension of our theoretical analysis to almost ten thousand candidates reveals an unprecedented degree of tunability and several thousand potential fission-capable candidates, while clearly demonstrating the relationship between triplet aromaticity and singlet-triplet energy gap, confirming this novel strategy for manipulating the exchange energy in organic materials.
- Fallon, Kealan J.,Budden, Peter,Salvadori, Enrico,Ganose, Alex M.,Savory, Christopher N.,Eyre, Lissa,Dowland, Simon,Ai, Qianxiang,Goodlett, Stephen,Risko, Chad,Scanlon, David O.,Kay, Christopher W. M.,Rao, Akshay,Friend, Richard H.,Musser, Andrew J.,Bronstein, Hugo
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supporting information
p. 13867 - 13876
(2019/09/30)
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- Compounding method for 2-thiopheneacetyl chloride
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The invention discloses a compounding method for 2-thiopheneacetyl chloride and belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis. The 2-thiopheneacetyl chloride is compounded by taking thiophene asa raw material through following three-step reaction: 1) acquiring 2-thiophene acetate through the F-C reaction of thiophene and glycolate under the existence of catalyst; 2) hydrolyzing the 2-thiophene acetate under the existence of acid, thereby acquiring 2-thiopheneacetic acid; 3) treating the 2-thiopheneacetic acid in the manner of acylating chlorination with thionyl chloride under the catalysis of pyridine, thereby acquiring 2-thiopheneacetyl chloride. The compounding method for 2-thiopheneacetyl chloride has the characteristics of easily acquired raw materials and simple and convenientoperation and is suitable for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0049-0051
(2019/01/06)
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- Method for preparing 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid
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The invention provides a method for preparing 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid. The method comprises that 1, 3-malonaldehyde and a compound A undergo a ring-closure reaction to produce a 2-thiophene ester compound and the 2-thiophene ester compound is hydrolyzed into 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid. The method is simple. Compared with the prior art with a complicated production method and harsh production conditions, the method using a one-pot method can realize the synthesis of the target product. Compared with the existing multi-step synthesis process, the method improves a yield by at least 50%. The method optimizes the production process and the synthesis route. In the production process, side reactions are few, a selective reaction is avoided, impurities are few, post-treatment is convenient, production conditions are mild and method is suitable for an industrialized production mode.
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Paragraph 0055-0058
(2018/05/07)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Direct Transformation of Benzyl Amines under Additive-Free Conditions
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In this communication, we developed a new procedure for the direct carbonylative transformation of benzyl amines. Using dimethyl carbonate as the solvent, methyl 2-arylacetates can be produced in good to excellent yields from the corresponding primary, secondary, and tertiary benzyl amines with palladium as the catalyst. Notably, no base or any other additive is required here. In addition, our procedure can also be applied in the preparation of methylphenidate, which is a marketing drug and used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
- Li, Yahui,Wang, Zechao,Wu, Xiao-Feng
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p. 738 - 741
(2018/01/17)
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- Synergistic Catalysis for the Umpolung Trifluoromethylthiolation of Tertiary Ethers
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The first transition-metal-free, site-specific umpolung trifluoromethylthiolation of tertiary alkyl ethers has been developed, achieving the challenging tertiary C(sp3)–SCF3 coupling under redox-neutral conditions. The synergism of organophotocatalyst 4CzIPN and BINOL-based phosphorothiols can site-selectively cleave tertiary sp3 C(sp3)–O ether bonds in complex molecules initiated by a polarity-matching hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) event. The incorporation of several competing benzylic and methine C(sp3)?H bonds in alkyl ethers has little influence on the regioselectivity. Selective difluoromethylthiolation of C?O bonds has also been achieved. This represents not only an important step forward in trifluoromethylthiolation but also a promising means for site-selective C?O bond functionalization of unsymmetrical tertiary alkyl ethers.
- Xu, Wentao,Ma, Junyang,Yuan, Xiang-Ai,Dai, Jie,Xie, Jin,Zhu, Chengjian
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supporting information
p. 10357 - 10361
(2018/08/06)
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- Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry to Identify Binders of ThiT, an S-Component of the Energy-Coupling Factor Transporter for Thiamine
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We applied dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) to identify ligands of ThiT, the S-component of the energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporter for thiamine in Lactococcus lactis. We used a pre-equilibrated dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) and saturation-transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy to identify ligands of ThiT. This is the first report in which DCC is used for fragment growing to an ill-defined pocket, and one of the first reports for its application with an integral membrane protein as target.
- Monjas, Leticia,Swier, Lotteke J. Y. M.,Setyawati, Inda,Slotboom, Dirk J.,Hirsch, Anna K. H.
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supporting information
p. 1693 - 1696
(2017/10/27)
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- HETEROARYL DERIVATIVES
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Compounds of formula (I) described herein are both phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme inhibitors and muscarinic M3 receptor antagonists and are useful for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases of the respiratory tract characterized by airway obstruction.
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Paragraph 0539; 0540; 0541; 0542
(2015/06/17)
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- HETEROARYL DERIVATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES
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The invention relates to novel compounds of formula (I) which are both phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme inhibitors and muscarinic M3 receptor antagonists, methods of preparing such compounds, compositions containing them and therapeutic use thereof.
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Page/Page column 134
(2015/06/18)
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- Highly efficient and chemoselective zinc-catalyzed hydrosilylation of esters under mild conditions
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A mild and highly efficient catalytic hydrosilylation protocol for room-temperature ester reductions has been developed using diethylzinc as the catalyst. The methodology is operationally simple, displays high functional group tolerance and provides for a facile access to a broad range of different alcohols in excellent yields.
- Kovalenko, Oleksandr O.,Adolfsson, Hans
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supporting information
p. 2785 - 2788
(2015/02/05)
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- Palladium-catalyzed C-H homocoupling of furans and thiophenes using oxygen as the oxidant
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A general and efficient palladium-catalyzed intermolecular direct C-H homocoupling of furans and thiophenes has been developed. The reaction is characterized by using molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant and complete C5-position regioselectivity. Both C2- and C3-substituted furans or thiophenes are appropriate substrates. The approach provides a straightforward, facile, and economical route to bifurans and bithiophenes under mild reaction conditions.
- Li, Na-Na,Zhang, Yan-Lei,Mao, Shuai,Gao, Ya-Ru,Guo, Dong-Dong,Wang, Yong-Qiang
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supporting information
p. 2732 - 2735
(2014/06/09)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of fatty acids conjugates bearing cyclopentadienyl-donors incorporated [99mTc/Re(CO)3] + for myocardical imaging
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Four 99mTc-labeled fatty acid analogs, 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b were synthesized by a double ligand transfer reaction and theirs potential were investigated. The radiochemical yield of the radiotracers was from 11.7% to 30.3% (no decay corrected). Those compounds were found to be chemically stable when incubated in SD rat serum for 3 h at 37 C. The biodistribution studies in mice showed that high radioactivity accumulated of Tc-99m complexes were observed, followed by moderate clearance from the heart. The maximum heart/blood ratio was 5.7 at 15 min postinjection of 1b. Metabolite analysis showed 1b was not metabolized by β-oxidation in the heart. These results suggest that 1b may be a promising radiotracer for evaluation of myocardial viability.
- Zeng, Huahui,Zhang, Huabei
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- NOVEL COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE IN THERAPY
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The present invention relates to novel chemical compounds formula (I) (C)n-B-(A)m-B-(C)n (I) wherein m is 0 or 1, and n is independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, A, each B and each C are independently selected from phenylene and five-and six-membered heteroaromatic rings, and for a terminal ring B or C also from bicyclic heteroaromatic fused rings having seven to ten ring members, wherein the bond between at least two of the rings A to C may be replaced by a carbonyl group (-CO-), wherein at least two of the rings A to C are substituted with one or two groups R, and wherein each ring A to C further optionally is substituted with one or two groups R1. The compounds are useful in therapy, especially therapy of a mammal suffering from a disease involving misfolded or aggregated forms of proteins.
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Page/Page column 101; 102
(2013/03/26)
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- NOVEL THIOPHENE COMPOUNDS AND METHOD FOR IN VIVO IMAGING
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The present invention relates to novel labelled compounds of formula (I) (C)n-B-(A)m-B-(C)n (I) wherein m is 0 or 1, and n is independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, A, each B and each C are independently selected from phenylene and five- and six-membered heteroaromatic rings, and for a terminal ring B or C also from bicyclic heteroaromatic fused rings having seven to ten ring members, wherein the bond between at least two of the rings A to C may be replaced by a carbonyl group ( -CO- ), wherein at least two of the rings A to C are substituted with one or two groups R, and wherein each ring A to C further optionally is substituted with one or two groups R1, for use in imaging amyloid deposits and aggregated protein in living patients. The invention further relates to imaging methods using labelled or unlabelled compounds of formual I and the use of unlabelled compounds in such methods.
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Page/Page column 106
(2013/03/26)
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- SELF-ASSEMBLING PEPTIDES BEARING ORGANIC ELECTRONIC FUNCTIONALITY AND APPLICATIONS EMPLOYING THE SAME
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The aqueous self-assembly of oligopeptide-flanked π-conjugated molecules into discrete one-dimensional nanostructures is described. Unique to these molecules is the fact that the π-conjugated unit has been directly embedded within the peptide backbone by way of a synthetic amino acid with π-functionality that is compatible with standard Fmoc-based peptide synthesis or by way of a diacid or other bis(electrophile) that can covalently cross-link peptide chains presented on a synthesis support. The peptide-based molecular designs enforce intimate π-π communication within the aggregates after charge-screening and self-assembly, making these nanostructures attractive for optical or electronic applications in biological environments. In other embodiments, a convenient method to incorporate π-electron units into peptides that assemble into amyloid-like supramolecular polymers is disclosed. Self-assembly manipulates these “electronic peptides” into delocalized sub-10 nm one dimensional (1-D) nanostructures under completely aqueous conditions.
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- Oxidative rearrangement of alkyl aryl/heteroaryl ketones by 1,2-aryl/heteroaryl shift using iodic acid
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A method for synthesis of α-aryl/heteroaryl alkanoic acids involving oxidative rearrangement of alkyl aryl/heteroaryl ketones by 1,2-aryl/heteroaryl shift using iodic acid is described. ARKAT-USA, Inc.
- Huddar, Sameerana N.,Deshmukh, Swapnil S.,Akamanchi, Krishnacharya G.
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experimental part
p. 67 - 75
(2011/06/19)
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- Inhibitors of protein kinases
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Compounds of general Formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3, Ra, A, B and x are as defined herein are inhibitors of protein kinases in particular members of the cyclin-dependent kinase family and/or the glycogen synthase kinase 3 family and are useful in preventing and/or treating any type of pain, inflammatory disorders, cancer, immunological diseases, proliferative diseases, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, renal diseases, neurologic and neuropsychiatric diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Page/Page column 24
(2011/10/04)
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- Microwave-assisted synthesis of 5-substituted 2-aminothiophenes starting from arylacetaldehydes
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An easy three-step pathway for the synthesis of arylacet-aldehydes from the corresponding carboxylic acids in very high yields is described. Their use as precursors of 5-substituted-2-aminothiophenes is illustrated via a microwave-assisted Gewald reaction. This method allows obtaining the expected compounds in a shorter time and with better yields and purities than the classical procedures. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart - New York.
- Revelant, Germain,Dunand, Sandrine,Hesse, Stephanie,Kirsch, Gilbert
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experimental part
p. 2935 - 2940
(2011/11/01)
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- Introduction of single mutation changes arylmalonate decarboxylase to racemase
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The introduction of only one mutation based on the estimated reaction mechanism endowed arylmalonate decarboxylase with a racemase activity, which catalyses racemisation of α-arylpropionates. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2006.
- Terao, Yosuke,Miyamoto, Kenji,Ohta, Hiromichi
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p. 3600 - 3602
(2008/09/20)
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- Synthesis of selective SRPK-1 inhibitors: Novel tricyclic quinoxaline derivatives
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SR protein-specific kinase-1 (SRPK-1) has been identified as a validated target for hepatitis B virus (HBV). A series of novel tricyclic quinoxaline derivatives was designed and synthesised as potential kinase inhibitory antiviral agents and was found to be active and selective for SRPK-1 kinase. Most of these novel compounds have drug-like properties according to experimentally determined Log P and Log S values.
- Szekelyhidi, Zsolt,Pato, Janos,Waczek, Frigyes,Banhegyi, Peter,Hegymegi-Barakonyi, Balint,Eros, Daniel,Meszaros, Gyoergy,Hollosy, Ferenc,Hafenbradl, Doris,Obert, Sabine,Klebl, Bert,Keri, Gyoergy,Orfi, Laszlo
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p. 3241 - 3246
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and antifungal activity evaluation of 3-hetaryl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-ones. An unusual fragmentation of the oxazole ring via 2,3-selenoxide shift
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In continuing the studies on the synthesis and evaluation of antifungal activity of the analogues of (-)incrustoporine, the replacement of the phenyl moiety at C3 of the furanone ring with a hetaryl substituent was considered. Thus, a series of 5-alkyl-3-hetaryl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-ones with the thienyl, furyl and thiazolyl moieties attached to C3 was synthesized, and the compounds subjected to antifungal activity screening. In the preparation of compounds containing the oxazolyl fragment, the [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement led to the fragmentation of the oxazole ring, resulting in the formation of 3-(1-benzamido-2-oxoethylidene)-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one. Somewhat surprisingly, the antifungal efficiency of the derivatives was lower in comparison with analogues containing a substituted phenyl at C3.
- Kunes, Jiri,Balsanek, Vojtech,Pour, Milan,Buchta, Vladimir
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p. 1809 - 1830
(2007/10/03)
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- Lactam metalloprotease inhibitors
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The present application describes novel lactams and derivatives thereof of formula I: or pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms thereof, wherein rings ring B is a 4-8 membered cyclic amide containing from 0-3 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, which are useful as metalloprotease inhibitors.
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- Selective κ-opioid agonists: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of piperidines incorporating an oxo-containing acyl group
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This study describes the synthesis and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the (S)-(-)-enantiomers of a novel class of 2- (aminomethyl)piperidine derivatives, using κ-opioid binding affinity and antinociceptive potency as the indices of biological activity. Compounds incorporating the 1-tetralon-6-ylacetyl residue (30 and 34-45) demonstrated an in vivo antinociceptive activity greater than predicted on the basis of their κ-binding affinities. In particular, (2S)-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]- 1-[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-naphthyl)acetyl]piperidine (34) was found to have a potency similar to spiradoline in animal models of antinociception after subcutaneous administration, with ED50s of 0.47 and 0.73 μmol/kg in the mouse and in the rat abdominal constriction tests, respectively. Further in vivo studies in mice and/or rats revealed that compound 34, compared to other selective κ-agonists, has a reduced propensity to cause a number of κ-related side effects, including locomotor impairment/sedation and diuresis, at antinociceptive doses. For example, it has an ED50 of 26.5 μmol/kg sc in the rat rotarod model, exhibiting a ratio of locomotor impairment/sedation vs analgesia of 36. Possible reasons for this differential activity and its clinical consequence are discussed.
- Giardina,Clarke,Dondio,Petrone,Sbacchi,Vecchietti
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p. 3482 - 3491
(2007/10/02)
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- Acid-catalyzed rearrangement of cyclobutanols. A novel rearrangement
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The acid-catalysed dehydration-rearrangement reaction of α-thienyl cyclobutanols 3 and 4 resulted in the formation of tetrahydronaphthothiophenes 5a and 6a.The rearrangement to the linearly fused PAH system instead of the expected angularly fused system reflects α-scission of the cyclobutyl ring.A mechanism based on deuterium labelling studies is propesed to account for the product formation.
- Lee-Ruff, E.,Ablenas, Fred J.
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p. 1663 - 1667
(2007/10/02)
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- Oxidative Rearrangement of Alkynes to Carboxylic Acid Esters by benzene in Methanol
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A direct synthesis of methyl aryl alkanoate via oxidative rearrangement of alkynes using benzene in methanol is described.
- Moriarty, Robert M.,Vaid, Radhe K.,Duncan, Michael P.,Vaid, Beena K.
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p. 2845 - 2848
(2007/10/02)
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- Thiophene derivatives and process for preparation thereof
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Commercially advantageous processes for preparing thienylacetic acid, furylacetic acid or alkyl esters of these. Novel thiophene or furan derivatives that can be used as starting materials for preparing the above compounds. Processes for preparing these starting materials are also provided.
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