- Total Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity of 2-(p-Hydroxybenzyl)-prodigiosins, Isoheptylprodigiosin, and Geometric Isomers of Tambjamine MYP1 Isolated from Marine Bacteria
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Highly efficient and straightforward synthetic routes toward the first total synthesis of 2-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-prodigiosins (2-5), isoheptylprodigiosin (6), and geometric isomers of tambjamine MYP1 ((E/Z)-7) have been developed. The crucial steps involved in these synthetic routes are the construction of methoxy-bipyrrole-carboxaldehydes (MBCs) and a 20-membered macrocyclic core and a regioselective demethylation of MBC analogues. These new synthetic routes enabled us to generate several natural prodiginines24-27in larger quantity. All of the synthesized natural products exhibited potent asexual blood-stage antiplasmodial activity at low nanomolar concentrations against a panel ofPlasmodium falciparumparasites, with a great therapeutic index. Notably, prodiginines6and24-27provided curative in vivo efficacy against erythrocyticPlasmodium yoeliiat 25 mg/kg × 4 days via oral route in a murine model. No overt clinical toxicity or behavioral change was observed in any mice treated with prodiginines and tambjamines.
- Kancharla, Papireddy,Li, Yuexin,Yeluguri, Monish,Dodean, Rozalia A.,Reynolds, Kevin A.,Kelly, Jane X.
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p. 8739 - 8754
(2021/06/30)
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- Synthesis method of 2-aromatic acyl pyrrole compounds
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The invention relates to the field of organic synthesis, and discloses a synthesis method of 2-aromatic acyl pyrrole compounds, wherein the synthesis method comprises the steps: taking an N-aromatic acyl pyrrole compound as a raw material, and carrying ou
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Paragraph 0025-0028; 0069-0072
(2021/06/12)
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- Aroylation of Electron-Rich Pyrroles under Minisci Reaction Conditions
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The development of Minisci acylation on electron-rich pyrroles under silver-free neutral conditions has been reported featuring the regioselective monoacylation of (NH)-free pyrroles. Unlike conventional Minisci conditions, the avoidance of any acid that could result in the polymerization of pyrroles was the key to success. The umpolung reactivity of the nucleophilic acyl radical, generated in situ from arylglyoxylic acid, could help explain the mechanism of product formation with electron-rich pyrroles. Alternatively, the nucleophilic substitution of the acyl radical on the electron-deficient pyrrole radical cation is proposed.
- Laha, Joydev K.,Kaur Hunjan, Mandeep,Hegde, Shalakha,Gupta, Anjali
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p. 1442 - 1447
(2020/02/22)
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- Method for synthesizing drug intermediate pyrrolidone compound
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The invention relates to a method for synthesizing a pyrrolidone compound which can be used as a drug intermediate as shown in a formula (III). The method comprises the following steps: reacting a compound as shown in a formula (I) with a compound as shown in a formula (II) in the presence of a catalyst, an organic ligand, an oxidant, an adjuvant and alkali in an organic solvent under a nitrogen atmosphere, and performing post-treatment after the reaction is completed to obtain the compound as shown in the formula (III), wherein R is H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, halogen or nitro. According to the method, a comprehensive reaction system of catalyst, ligand, oxidant, alkali and solvent is adopted, so that a target product is obtained with high yield. The pyrrolidone compound has an excellent application prospect and industrial production potential in the technical field of organic synthesis, especially drug intermediate synthesis.
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Paragraph 0040; 0041; 0042; 0043; 0044
(2016/10/27)
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- Synthesis of 2-benzoylpyrrole derivatives via C-H functionalization adjacent to nitrogen of pyrrole
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A direct transition-metal-free synthesis of 2-benzoylpyrrole derivatives from free (N-H) pyrroles and benzaldehyde has been developed. The benzoylation reaction at the 2 or 5-position of pyrrole proceeded well under the alkali metalation system and with 2
- Guo, Zhiqiang,Wei, Xuehong,Hua, Yupeng,Chao, Jianbin,Liu, Diansheng
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p. 3919 - 3922
(2015/06/08)
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- Synthesis of a new compound family, 1-aryl-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-d][1,2,5] triazepin-4(5H)-ones
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Representatives of a new family, 1-aryl-3H-pyrrolo[2,1-d][1,2,5]triazepin- 4(5H)-ones have been synthesized at our laboratory as bioisosters of biologically active 1-aryl-2,3-benzodiazepine-4-ones. The efficient synthetic route described applies the synth
- Milen, Mátyás,ábrányi-Balogh, Péter,Dancsó, András,Simig, Gyula,Volk, Balázs
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p. 465 - 476
(2014/01/06)
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- Facile Synthesis of 9,10,19,20-Tetraarylporphycenes
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A simple route was developed for the synthesis of 9,10,19,20-tetraarylporphycenes by combining both McMurry and oxidative synthetic strategies and using readily available precursors. The desired 5,6-diaryldipyrroethenes, which were prepared in multigram quantities over two steps, were used to prepare 9,10,19,20-tetraarylporphycenes under mild acid-catalyzed conditions. As 5,6-diaryldipyrroethene precursors can easily be prepared in multigram quantities, this method is useful for the preparation of meso-tetrarylporphycenes that contain different aryl substituents. The molecular structures of these macrocycles were determined by HRMS analysis as well as 1D and 2D NMR studies. The tetraarylporphycenes exhibited a strong Soret band at approximately 380 nm and three Q bands in the region of 580-655 nm. The tetraarylprophycenes are reasonably fluorescent and stable under redox conditions. A simple, rapid method was developed for the synthesis of meso-tetraarylporphycenes by employing a McMurry coupling followed by an oxidation reaction as the key steps. This synthetic strategy uses readily available precursors to afford 9,10,19,20-tetraarylporphycenes. The absorption, fluorescence, and electrochemical properties of these macrocycles were also studied.
- Ganapathi, Emandi,Chatterjee, Tamal,Ravikanth, Mangalampalli
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p. 6701 - 6706
(2016/02/18)
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- Chemoselective reduction of 2-acyl-N-sulfonylpyrroles: Synthesis of 3-pyrrolines and 2-alkylpyrroles
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The partial reduction of pyrroles is not a common practice even though it offers a potential route to pyrroline building blocks, commonly used for synthesis. We have investigated the reduction of 2-acyl-N-sulfonylpyrroles and by varying the hydride source
- You, Hai Tao,Grosse, Andrew C.,Howard, James K.,Hyland, Christopher J. T.,Just, Jeremy,Molesworth, Peter P.,Smith, Jason A.
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experimental part
p. 3948 - 3953
(2011/06/21)
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- A novel one-pot synthesis of 2-benzoylpyrroles from benzaldehydes
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We herein report a novel one-pot reaction for benzoylation of pyrrole. The key step in the reaction is generation of di(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)zirconium(IV) chloride complex which reacts with benzaldehydes and methyl benzoates to give 2-benzoylpyrroles as the major product.
- Sharma, Ratnesh,Chouhan, Mangilal,Nair, Vipin A.
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experimental part
p. 2039 - 2043
(2010/06/14)
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- In Situ vinylpyrrole synthesis. Diels-alder reactions with maleimides to give tetrahydroindoles
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A series of 108 tetrahydroindoles has been prepared by a one-pot synthesis from 2-alkylpyrroles, cyclic ketones, maleimides, and an acid catalyst. A 5-vinylpyrrole is formed by an acid-catalyzed condensation of a 2-alkyl-substituted pyrrole with a ketone, which is subsequently trapped in situ by a maleimide in a predominantly endo-addition Diels-Alder reaction. Isomerization of the double bond into the pyrrole ring gives a tetrahydroindole with predominant cis-fusion of the cycloalkane ring.
- Noland, Wayland E.,Lanzatella, Nicholas P.,Sizova, Elena P.,Venkatraman, Lakshmanan,Afanasyev, Oleg V.
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scheme or table
p. 503 - 534
(2009/09/05)
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- Ketopyrroles useful as ligands in organic iridium compositions
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The present invention provides novel ketopyrroles having structure XXIV wherein R2 is independently at each occurrence a deuterium atom, a halogen, a nitro group, an amino group, a C3-C40 aromatic radical, a C1-C50 aliphatic radical, or a C3-C40 cyclcoaliphatic radical; “a” is an integer from 0 to 3; and X1 and X2 are independently at each occurrence a bromine atom, a hydroxy group, or the group OR10, and wherein the group R10 is independently at each occurrence a deuterium atom, a halogen, a nitro group, an amino group, a C3-C40 aromatic radical, a C1-C50 aliphatic radical, or a C3-C40 cyclcoaliphatic radical. Ketopyrroles XXIV are useful ligands for the preparation of Type (1) and Type (2) organic iridium compositions. In one aspect, the present invention provides deuterated analogs of XXIV. Organic iridium compositions are useful in the preparation optoelectronic devices, such as OLED devices and photovoltaic devices exhibiting enhanced performance characteristics.
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Page/Page column 36
(2008/06/13)
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- FIBROSIS INHIBITOR
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Medicament being useful as a fibrosis inhibitor for organs or tissues, which comprises a compound of the formula (I): wherein Ring Z is optionally substituted pyrrole ring, etc.; W2 is -CO-, -SO2-, optionally substituted C1-C4 alkylene, etc.; Ar2 is optionally substituted aryl, etc.; W1 and Ar1 mean the following (1) and (2):(1) W1 is optionally substituted C1-C4 alkylene, etc.; Ar1 is optionally substituted bicyclic heteroaryl having 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms as ring-forming atoms:(2) W1 is optionally substituted C2-C5 alkylene, optionally substituted C2-C5 alkenylene, etc.; and Ar1 is aryl or monocyclic heteroaryl, which is substituted by carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, etc. at the ortho- or meta-position thereof with respect to the binding position of W1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
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- PYRROLE DERIVATIVE
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A novel pyrrole derivative represented by the following formula (1) and a salt thereof: wherein R1 means substituted alkenyl, etc.; R2 means substituted benzoyl, etc.; and R3 to R5 each means hydrogen, alkyl, halogeno, etc. The derivative and salt have antidiabetic activity.
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- Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Properties of Benzoyl Derivatives of Five-membered Monoheterocycles and Determination of Aromaticity Indices
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Benzophenones, 2-benzoylthiophenes, 2-benzoylpyrroles, and 2-benzoylfurans, which have substituents at m- and p-positions of the benzoyl ring were prepared and their ir and nmr spectra were obtained in 0.1 M chloroform-d solution. The chemical shift values of each series were plotted against the Hammett substituent parameters to give good correlation, with the exception of the ortho-Hs and -Cs. The slopes as well as the differences in chemical shift gave sets of meaningful values for the indices of aromaticy.
- Jeon, Kyu Ok,Jun, Jung Ho,Yu, Ji Sook,Lee, Chang Kiu
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p. 763 - 771
(2007/10/03)
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- Pyrrole derivatives
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Pyrrole derivatives represented by the following formula: wherein Ring Z is an optionally substituted pyrrole ring, etc.; W2 is —CO—, —SO2—, an optionally substituted C1-C4 alkylene, etc.; Ar2 is an optionally substituted aryl, etc.; W2 and Ar1 mean the following (1) and (2): (1) W1 is an optionally substituted C1-C4 alkylene, etc.; Ar1 is an optionally substituted bicyclic heteroaryl having 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms as ring-forming atoms: (2) W1 is an optionally substituted C2-C5 alkylene, an optionally substituted C2-C5 alkenylene, etc.; and Ar1 is an aryl or monocyclic heteroaryl, which are substituted by carboxyl, an alkoxycarbonyl, etc. at the ortho- or meta-position thereof with respect to the binding position of W1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof These compounds are useful as medicaments such as a fibrosis inhibitor for organs or tissues.
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- Rational Tetraarylporphyrin Syntheses: Tetraarylporphyrins from the MacDonald Route
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Four new synthetic routes to meso-tetraarylporphyrins using a MacDonald-type 2 + 2 condensation are described.Self-condensation of a 5-arylpyrromethane (e.g., 17) with an aryl-substituted one-carbon bridging unit affords a mixture of tetraarylporphyrins due to acid-catalyzed redistribution reactions.The second and third methods presented here show wide applicability for the preparation of 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-substituted porphyrins (e.g., 31, 37, 48, 49) with 2-fold rotational symmetry and involve self-condensation of 5-aryl-1-aryldipyrromethanecarbinols.Finally, the fourth approach involves a 2 + 2 approach in which one of the two dipyrromethanes bears both of the bridging carbons in the porphyrin products, affording porphyrin 50 which possesses three different aryl rings, with one pair of uniquely opposite identical aryl groups.The last two 2 + 2 methods are further extended to give a tetraarylporphyrin 38 bearing four different aryl groups in a predesignated array, the structure of which is confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray study.
- Wallace, David M.,Leung, Sam H.,Senge, Mathias O.,Smith, Kevin M.
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p. 7245 - 7257
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for preparing 5-aroyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1,1-dicarboxylates (II) and intermediates therefor
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5-Aroyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1,1-dicarboxylates of the formula STR1 are prepared from 2-aroylpyrroles. Hydrolysis and mono-decarboxylation of these compounds affords ketorolac and related compounds.
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- Process for preparing 5-aroyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1,1-dicarboxylates (I) and intermediates therefor
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5-Aroyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1,1-dicarboxylates of the formula STR1 are prepared from 2-aroylpyrroles. Hydrolysis and mono-decarboxylation of these compounds affords ketorolac and related compounds.
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- 2-SUBSTITUTED 1,3-BENZODITHIOLIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATES AS USEFUL ACYLATING AGENTS OF PYRROLE
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A comparative study on the acylation of pyrrole by utilizing 2-substituted 1,3-benzodithiolium tetrafluoroborates instead of 2-substituted 1,3-benzoxathiolium tetrafluoroborates has been accomplished.The use of 2-substituted 1,3-benzodithiolium tetrafluoroborates proved to be more convenient since it gives higher yields of 2-acylpyrroles (58-90percent) and appears of larger applicability for the preparation of symmetrical and unsymmetrical 2,5-diacylpyrroles which were obtained in most cases in quantitative yields.
- Barbero, Margherita,Cadamuro, Silvano,Degani, Iacopo,Dughera, Stefano,Fochi, Rita,et al.
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p. 619 - 627
(2007/10/02)
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- Acylation of Pyrrole and N-Methylpyrrole with 1,3-Benzoxathiolium Tetrafluroborates. A High-Yield Method for the Synthesis of Diacylpyrroles
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2-Substituted 1,3-benzoxathiolium tetrafluoroborates (I) were used as masked acylating agents for pyrrole and N-methylpyrrole.The reactions on pyrrole (II) were regiospecific, and according to the molar ratio of the reagents (I:II = 1:3 or 2.5-3:1), 2-acylpyrroles were obtained in moderate to good yields (38-82percent) and 2,5-diacylpyrroles were obtained in excellent yields (in most cases, quantitative).The reactions on N-methylpyrrole (III) were not regioselective, and both α- and β-positions were attacked.So, depending on the molar ratio of the reagents (I:III = 1:3 or 2,5-3:1), 2- and 3-acyl-N-methylpyrroles (9-51percent and 27-68percent yields, respectively) and 2,4- and 2,5-diacyl-N-methylpyrroles (60-93percent and 17-40percent, respectively) were obtained.A very interesting feature of the new method is the possibility of introducing two identical or different acyl groups in the pyrrole ring under mild conditions. 1H and 13C NMR spectra of all the new compounds and IR spectra, recorded in the gas phase, of 2- and 3-acylpyrroles and of 2,4- and 2,5-diacylpyrroles are reported.
- Barbero, Margherita,Cadamuro, Silvano,Degani, Iacopo,Fochi, Rita,Gatti, Antonella,Regondi, Valeria
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p. 2245 - 2250
(2007/10/02)
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- Pyrrolyl oxyphenyl ketones
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4,5-Dihalopyrrol-2-yl oxyphenyl ketones, prepared either by Friedel-Crafts condensation of a 4,5-dihalopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid halide with an appropriate hydroxy or lower-alkoxy-substituted benzene or by condensation of a hydroxy or lower-alkoxy-substituted benzaldehyde with pyrrole in the presence of sodium hydride followed by halogenation, with elemental chlorine or bromine, of the resulting pyrrol-2-yl oxyphenyl ketone, useful as antibacterial and antifungal agents.
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