- Deep eutectic solvents as attractive media for CO2 capture
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We report a family of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) consisting of various hydrogen bonding donor-acceptor pairs as CO2 capturing media. These DESs capture CO2via carbamate formation upon reaction between their hydrogen bonding donor units and CO2. Among the members tested herein, a DES made up of monoethanolamine hydrochloride-ethylenediamine exhibits an unprecedentedly high gravimetric uptake of 33.7 wt% with good initial kinetics (25.2 wt% uptake within 2.5 min) and recyclability. The given DES also shows sustainable performance in the presence of water, decent tolerance against temperature rise, and a relatively low heat of absorption which is attractive for regeneration. Even with the high gravimetric uptake, the DES has a far more suppressed corrosiveness compared to its pure monoethanolamine and ethylenediamine counterparts due to low oxygen/moisture permeability and the hydrogen bonding network that alleviates the corrosion redox cycle. The observed excellent properties in various key aspects of CO2 capture suggest that DESs are strong candidates to replace the conventional monoethanolamine-based scrubbing technology and are worth further exploration.
- Trivedi, Tushar J.,Lee, Ji Hoon,Lee, Hyeon Jeong,Jeong, You Kyeong,Choi, Jang Wook
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- One-pot integrated biofuel production using low-cost biocompatible protic ionic liquids
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The transformation of biomass into liquid fuels is of great importance. Previous work has demonstrated the capability of specific ionic liquids (ILs), such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2C1Im][OAc]) and cholinium lysinate ([Ch][Lys]), to be effective biomass pretreatment solvents. Using these ILs for an integrated biomass-to-biofuel configuration is still challenging due to a significant water-wash related to the high toxicity of [C2C1Im][OAc] and pH adjustment prior to saccharification for the highly basic [Ch][Lys]. In this work, we demonstrate, for the first time, that a one-pot integrated biofuel production is enabled by a low cost (～$1 per kg) and biocompatible protic IL (PIL), ethanolamine acetate, without pH adjustments, water-wash and solid-liquid separations. After pretreatment, the whole slurry is directly used for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with commercial enzyme cocktails and wild type yeast strains, generating 70% of the theoretical ethanol yield (based on switchgrass). The structure-performance relationships of PILs in terms of lignin removal, net basicity, and pH value are systematically studied. A technoeconomic analysis (TEA) revealed that an integrated biorefinery concept based on this PIL process could potentially reduce the minimum ethanol selling price by more than 40% compared to scenarios that require pH adjustment prior to SSF. Improvement of the economic performance will be made by reducing the dilution and enzyme loading during SSF as identified by TEA. This study demonstrates the impact of a biocompatible IL in terms of process optimization and conversion efficiency, and opens up avenues for realizing an IL based efficiently integrated biomass conversion technology.
- Sun, Jian,Konda, N. V. S. N. Murthy,Parthasarathi, Ramakrishnan,Dutta, Tanmoy,Valiev, Marat,Xu, Feng,Simmons, Blake A.,Singh, Seema
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- Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Ligand-Promoted Nitro Deoxygenative Hydroboration with Chromium Catalysis: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications
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Transition metal catalysis that utilizes N-heterocyclic carbenes as noninnocent ligands in promoting transformations has not been well studied. We report here a cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligand-promoted nitro deoxygenative hydroboration with cost-effective chromium catalysis. Using 1 mol % of CAAC-Cr precatalyst, the addition of HBpin to nitro scaffolds leads to deoxygenation, allowing for the retention of various reducible functionalities and the compatibility of sensitive groups toward hydroboration, thereby providing a mild, chemoselective, and facile strategy to form anilines, as well as heteroaryl and aliphatic amine derivatives, with broad scope and particularly high turnover numbers (up to 1.8 × 106). Mechanistic studies, based on theoretical calculations, indicate that the CAAC ligand plays an important role in promoting polarity reversal of hydride of HBpin; it serves as an H-shuttle to facilitate deoxygenative hydroboration. The preparation of several commercially available pharmaceuticals by means of this strategy highlights its potential application in medicinal chemistry.
- Zhao, Lixing,Hu, Chenyang,Cong, Xuefeng,Deng, Gongda,Liu, Liu Leo,Luo, Meiming,Zeng, Xiaoming
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supporting information
p. 1618 - 1629
(2021/01/25)
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- Radical-mediated intramolecular β-C(sp3)-H amidation of alkylimidates: Facile synthesis of 1,2-amino alcohols
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A new radical-mediated intramolecular β-C(sp3)-H amidation reaction of O-alkyl trichloro- or arylimidates is reported. Various oxazolines were efficiently prepared from easily accessible alcohol starting materials. The trichloro-oxazoline products can be hydrolyzed under mild conditions to give valuable 1,2-amino alcohols. This amidation reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance, and offers a powerful means for the C(sp3)-H functionalization of alcohols. Mechanistic studies suggest that a sequence of 1,5-HAT of an imidate radical, iodination and cyclization might be operative.
- Mou, Xue-Qing,Chen, Xiang-Yu,Chen, Gong,He, Gang
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supporting information
p. 515 - 518
(2018/01/19)
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- Novel synthesis method of Istaroxime
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The invention belongs to the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, and discloses a novel synthesis method of Istaroxime. The method comprises the following steps: by using dehydrogenated epiandrosterone as an initial raw material, carrying out epoxidation, ring opening, reduction, oxidation and other reactions to prepare an intermediate M-06; by using ethyl benzoate as an initial raw material, reacting the ethyl benzoate with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to obtain phenyl hydroximic acid, carrying out hydrochlorination and chlorination by using ethanolamine as a raw material to obtain dichloroacetate, and carrying out substitution, hydrolysis and other reactions on the dichloroacetate and the phenyl hydroximic acid to obtain an intermediate M-11; and finally, reacting the M-06 with the M-11 to obtain the end product Istaroxime. According to the method, in the intermediate M-06 synthesis process, the polarity of all the intermediates has great differences from that of the impurities and reaction reagents; and in the intermediate 11 synthesis process, the active spots capable of participating in the chemical reaction in the reaction substrate are simple. Therefore, the method can achieve the requirements without carrying out column chromatography purification, thereby simplifying the synthesis after-treatment process.
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Paragraph 0107; 0108; 0109; 0110
(2016/10/10)
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- Synthesis and reactions with N-nucleophiles of 1-(thien-2-yl)- and 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,4-trichloro-3-buten-1-ones
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Acylation of thiophene and phenol with 3,4,4-trichloro-3-butenoyl chloride afforded the corresponding 1-(thien-2-yl)- and 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,4- trichloro-3-buten-1-ones, whose reaction with amines led to the formation of 3-amino-1-(thien-2-yl, 4-hydr
- Potkin,Petkevich,Kurman
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experimental part
p. 1305 - 1312
(2011/01/04)
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- Towards synthetic adrenaline receptors - Shape-selective adrenaline recognition in water
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A new rationally designed receptor molecule binds adrenaline derivatives in water. Its binding pattern (see picture) imitates the interplay of noncovalent interactions operating in the natural receptor. High shape selectivity is achieved for the slim dopamine skeleton, and leads to rejection of substrates with an a-substituent, such as amino acid derivatives.
- Herm, Michael,Molt, Oliver,Schrader, Thomas
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p. 3148 - 3151
(2007/10/03)
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- 5-substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones
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The present invention relates to a novel pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative having the formula (I): STR1 wherein each of R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, is a lower alkyl group; and each of R3 and R4, which may be the same or different, is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, amino, hydroxyamino, hydrazino, azido, a lower alkenylamino group or a lower alkylamino group which may optionally have hydroxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds are useful as anti-allergic agents, for example, for the treatment of bronchial asthma, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatoses or allergic conjunctivitis.
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- CHIMIE DES RADIOPROTECTEURS: REVISION DE LA SYNTHESE DES ACIDES S- ET S-PHOSPHOROTHIOIQUES
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Simple, reproducible and detailed preparations of S- and S- phosphorothioic acids (HO)2P(O)-S-(CH2)2-NH-(CH2)3-NH-R (R=H and CH3), named WR 2721 and WR 1680 respectively, are described.The yields of each step have been optimized to facilitate the synthesis of these compounds of large interest in the cancer radio- and chemotherapy.
- Laduranty, Joelle,Lion, Claude,Mesnard, Daniele,Miginiac, Leone
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p. 903 - 912
(2007/10/02)
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