- Microwave-Assisted Syntheses in Recyclable Ionic Liquids: Photoresists Based on Renewable Resources
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The copoly(2-oxazoline) pNonOx80-stat-pDc=Ox20 can be synthesized from the cationic ring-opening copolymerization of 2-nonyl-2-oxazoline NonOx and 2-dec-9′-enyl-2-oxazoline Dc=Ox in the ionic liquid n-hexyl methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate under microwave irradiation in 250g/batch quantities. The polymer precipitates upon cooling, enabling easy recovery of the polymer and the ionic liquid. Both monomers can be obtained from fatty acids from renewable resources. pNonOx80-stat-pDc=Ox20 can be used as polymer in a photoresist (resolution of 1μm) based on UV-induced thiol-ene reactions.
- Petit, Charlotte,Luef, Klaus P.,Edler, Matthias,Griesser, Thomas,Kremsner, Jennifer M.,Stadler, Alexander,Grassl, Bruno,Reynaud, Stéphanie,Wiesbrock, Frank
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- KINETICS OF WET AIR OXIDATION OF DIETHANOLAMINE AND MORPHOLINE
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The kinetics of Wet Air Oxidation of morpholine and diethanolamine (DEA) in aqueous solutions, were studied. The rates of destruction were measured with respect to reduction in substrate concentration and with respect to reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The studies were performed in the temperature range of 160 - 240 deg C and oxygen partial pressure was in the range of 0.34 - 1.36 MPa. The order with respect to COD and substrate concentration (morpholine and diethanolamine) was found to be one. Order with respect to oxygen concentration ranged from 0.3 to 0.9. The energy of activation was found to be in the range of 18.5 - 27.24 kcal/gmol. Monoethanolamine was found to be one of the intermediates formed during oxidation of morpholine and DEA. The mixtures of diethanolamine and morpholine were found to oxidize faster than that expected from the individual rate of oxidation. - Keywords: wastewater treatment; wet air oxidation; kinetics; morpholine; diethanolamine
- Mishra, Vedprakash S.,Joshi, Jyeshtharaj B.,Mahajani, Vijaykumar V.
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- Unusual reactivity of zinc borohydride conversion of amino acids to amino alcohols
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Zinc borohydride reduces amino acids with only stoichiometric amounts of hydride to the corresponding chiral alcohols in excellent yields in the absence of any Lewis acid.
- Narasimhan,Madhavan,Ganeshwar Prasad
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- Potential D,L-amino acid sequence analysis of peptides from the C-terminus
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A model tripeptide, Gly-L-Leu-L-Phe, was immobilized with activated aminomethyl polystyrene, and its C-terminal was reduced to an alcohol. This peptidyl alcohol was selectively hydrolyzed at the C-terminal amide bond to afford a polymer-supported dipeptide (Gly-L-Leu) and amino alcohol (Phe-OH). The amino alcohol, including its absolute configuration, was determined by labelling with (+)-MNB-COOH, and the dipeptide was reused for a determination of its C-terminal amino acids. The D,L-amino acids of the tripeptide were sequentially determined from the C-terminus.
- Ohrui,Itoh,Nishida,Horie,Meguro
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- A high-throughput screening assay for amino acid decarboxylase activity
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The development of sensitive and easy-to-apply high-throughput screening methods is a common need in modern biocatalysis. With these powerful analytical tools in hands, chemists can easily assess enzyme libraries to identify either novel biocatalysts or improved mutants. Within biocatalysis, amino acid decarboxylases are gaining an increased importance, with several diverse applications ranging from the synthesis of bio-commodities to medical applications (e.g., synthesis of enzyme inhibitors at the level of L-DOPA decarboxylase). Herein, an efficient and simple analytical method for high-throughput screening of amino acid decarboxylase activity is reported. The method is valid for the discrimination of a broad range of amino acid/amine pairs such as L-tyrosine/tyramine, L-DOPA/dopamine, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan/ serotonin, L-histidine/histamine, L-serine/ethanolamine, L-tryptophan/ tryptamine, L-glutamic acid/GABA, and L-alanine/ethylamine. It has proven its versatility by using pure substrates, mixtures, or enzymatic reactions, both coming either from commercial enzymes or derived from cell-free (crude) extracts. The limit of detection was 13 μM for ethanolamine in the presence of 50 mM L-serine, while z′ values were in the range 0.75-0.93, indicating the suitability for high-throughput screening. Copyright
- Medici, Rosario,De Maria, Pablo Dominguez,Otten, Linda G.,Straathof, Adrie J. J.
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- INFLUENCE OF pH ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF N-CHLORODIETHANOLAMINE
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The kinetics of the decomposition of N-chlorodiethanolamine in water were studied over the range pH 6.55-12.01.Its coefficient of absorption in water at various pH and its protonation constant are reported, and the mechanism of its formation and decomposition is discussed.Comparison of the stabilities of various N-chloroamines shows that the OH group of N-chloroalcoholamines makes them less stable than other N-chloramines and that the mechanism by which they react differs from that of aliphatic N-chloramines.
- Antelo, J.M.,Arce, F.,Casal, D.,Rodriguez, P.,Varela, A.
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- Oxidation of Ethylamine to Glycine in Aqueous Solution Induced by KrF Excimer Laser Irradiation
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KrF excimer laser irradiation of ethylamine in aqueous solution results in stepwise oxidation to give ethanolamine and glycine.
- Munegumi, Toratane,Nishi, Nobuyuki,Harada, Kaoru
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- Kinetic and thermodynamic selectivity in subcomponent substitution
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Within assemblies prepared by metal-templated imine condensation, one amine residue (subcomponent) may be replaced with another through substitution reactions. Proton transfer from a more to a less acidic amine may be used as the driving force for substitution. Herein, we detail the development of a set of selectivity rules to predict the outcome of subcomponent substitution reactions when several different substrates are present. When both iron and copper complexes were present, substitution occurred preferentially at imines bound to copper. This preference was kinetic in nature in the absence of a chelating amine subcomponent: The different amine residues were found to scramble between the copper and iron complexes following an initial clean substitution at the copper-bound imine. When both chelating and nonchelating amine subcomponents were present, the preference became thermodynamic in nature. Only the nonchelating amine was substituted and no evidence of scrambling was found after the reaction mixture was heated to 50°C for several days. This thermodynamic selectivity, based on the chelate effect, operated in mixtures of CuI and FeII complexes, and in systems containing only FeII complexes.
- Schultz, David,Nitschke, Jonathan R.
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- Enzymatic synthesis of 2-aminoethyl β-d-galactopyranoside catalyzed by Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase
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Glycosidases provide a powerful resource for in vitro synthesis of novel anomerically pure glycosides. Generation of new low molecular weight galactosides is of interest since they are potential galectin inhibitors. Galectins are molecular targets for cancer therapy and thus their inhibitors are potential antitumor agents. Here we report the enzymatic synthesis and structural characterization of 2-aminoethyl β-d-galactopyranoside. Critical parameters for transgalactosylation using either soluble or immobilized enzyme were investigated and optimized for the galactoside synthesis. We found that 0.2 M lactose, and 0.5 M 2-aminoethanol at 50 °C for 30 min were the optimal conditions for synthesis. 2-Aminoethanol proved to be an enzyme inhibitor, fitting a mixed inhibition model with inhibition constants, Kic = 0.31 ± 0.04 M and Kiu = 0.604 ± 0.035 M.
- Porciúncula González, Cecilia,Castilla, Agustín,Garófalo, Lucía,Soule, Silvia,Irazoqui, Gabriela,Giacomini, Cecilia
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- Synthesis, molecular modeling and biological evaluation of metabolically stable analogues of the endogenous fatty acid amide palmitoylethanolamide
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Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) belongs to the class of N‐acylethanolamine and is an endogenous lipid potentially useful in a wide range of therapeutic areas; products containing PEA are licensed for use in humans as a nutraceutical, a food supplement, or food for medical purposes for its analgesic and anti‐inflammatory properties demonstrating efficacy and tolerability. However, the exogenously administered PEA is rapidly inactivated; in this process, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) plays a key role both in hepatic metabolism and in intracellular degradation. So, the aim of the present study was the design and synthesis of PEA analogues that are more resistant to FAAH-mediated hydrolysis. A small library of PEA analogues was designed and tested by molecular docking and density functional theory calculations to find the more stable analogue. The computational investigation identified RePEA as the best candidate in terms of both synthetic accessibility and metabolic stability to FAAH‐mediated hydrolysis. The selected compound was synthesized and assayed ex vivo to monitor FAAH‐mediated hydrolysis and to confirm its anti-inflammatory properties.1H‐NMR spectroscopy performed on membrane samples containing FAAH in integral membrane protein demonstrated that RePEA is not processed by FAAH, in contrast with PEA. Moreover, RePEA retains PEA’s ability to inhibit LPS‐induced cytokine release in both murine N9 microglial cells and human PMA‐THP‐1 cells.
- D’aloia, Alessia,Arrigoni, Federica,Tisi, Renata,Palmioli, Alessandro,Ceriani, Michela,Artusa, Valentina,Airoldi, Cristina,Zampella, Giuseppe,Costa, Barbara,Cipolla, Laura
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- Entropy effects in conformational distribution and conformationally dependent UV-induced photolysis of serine monomer isolated in solid argon
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Monomeric serine can be trapped in low temperature argon matrices in different conformers, which can be classified in three groups (A, B, C) accordingly to the main intramolecular interaction they exhibit: A (OHA?N hydrogen bond), B (OHC?N) and C (OHA?O{double bond, short}) (subscripts A and C stand for alcohol and carboxylic group, respectively). The OHC?N intramolecular interaction found in B-type conformers is considerably stronger than both the OHA?N and OHA?O{double bond, short} hydrogen bonds, and leads to reduce the abundance of B-type form relatively to A and C forms at high temperatures due to entropy effects. When submitted to UV irradiation (λ>200 nm), the main observed photoprocess is decarboxylation, leading to production of CO2 and ethanolamine. A less important photochemical process is also observed, where the compound undergoes decarbonylation, with formation of CO, H2O and acetamide. The two observed photoprocesses were found to be dependent on the conformation assumed by the reactant molecule, with A- and C-type conformers of serine undergoing decarboxylation and B-type conformers decarbonylation.
- Jarmelo,Fausto
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- Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and in vitro antibacterial evaluation of novel functionalized sulfamidocarbonyloxyphosphonates
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Several new sulfamidocarbonyloxyphosphonates were prepared in two steps, namely carbamoylation and sulfamoylation, by using chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI), α-hydroxyphosphonates, and various amino derivatives and related (primary or secondary amines, β-amino esters, and oxazolidin-2-ones). All structures were confirmed by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis. Eight compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against four reference bacteria including Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 700603), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), in addition to three clinical strains of each studied bacterial species. Compounds 1a–7a and 1b showed significant antibacterial activity compared to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, the reference drug used in this study.
- Bouzina, Abdeslem,Bechlem, Khaoula,Berredjem, Hajira,Belhani, Billel,Becheker, Imène,Lebreton, Jacques,Le Borgne, Marc,Bouaziz, Zouhair,Marminon, Christelle,Berredjem, Malika
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- Improved Procedure for the Selective N-Debenzylation of Benzylamines by Diisopropyl Azodicarboxylate
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The selective deprotection of N-benzyl group was achieved in the presence of azido, O-benzyl, and N-tosyl groups in reactions of benzylamines derived from 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose with diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) in THF. The key role of this solvent and the reaction pathway are presented together with proven reaction intermediates.
- Kroutil, Jiri,Trnka, Tomas,Cerny, Miloslav
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- Research on hydroxyethyl ammonium O,O′-diphenyl dithiophosphate: Synthesis, characterization, surface activity and corrosion inhibition performance
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Hydroxyethyl ammonium O,O′-diphenyl dithiophosphate (HADD) acting as a surfactant and corrosion inhibitor was successfully synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Meanwhile, the inhibition effect of HADD on Q235 steel (Q235s) corrosion in H2SO4 solution was studied by weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. HADD turned out to be an effective corrosion inhibitor and the inhibition efficiency increased with HADD concentration increasing, and significantly decreased with increasing both temperature and H2SO4 concentration. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements indicated that HADD was a mixed-type inhibitor.
- Lai, Chuan,Xie, Bin,Guo, Xiaogang
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- Equilibrium constant for carbamate formation from monoethanolamine and its relationship with temperature
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As carbamate formation is a problem in using monoethanolamine for removing CO2 and H2S from natural gas, the equilibrium constant (Keq) for carbamate formation from methanolamine was evaluated at 298, 303, 318, and 328 K, and ≤ 1.7 M ionic strengths. From the plot of the log Keq vs the square root of the ionic strength, a relationship of the variation of the thermodynamical constant with temperature was determined. A comparison with the values for diethanolamine carbamate showed that monoethanolamine carbamate is more stable and less temperature sensitive.
- Haji-Sulaiman,Aroua,Benamor
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- Cyclic process for producing taurine from monoethanolamine
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There is disclosed a cyclic process for producing taurine from monoethanolamine comprising the steps of: (a) recovering monoethanolamine sulfate from an aqueous mother liquor solution; (b) reacting the monoethanolamine sulfate with sulfuric acid to form an aqueous solution comprised of monoethanolamine bisulfate; (c) heating the aqueous solution comprised of the monoethanolamine sulfate and optionally added monoethanolamine sulfate to yield 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate ester; (d) reacting the ester with ammonium sulfite or an alkali sulfite to yield taurine and ammonium or alkali sulfate; (e) separating taurine and ammonium or alkali sulfate to give an aqueous mother liquor solution; and (f) recovering the monoethanolamine sulfate from the aqueous mother liquor solution and recycling to the monoethanolamine sulfate to step (b).
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Page/Page column 14-15
(2022/03/22)
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- PROCESS SULFONATION OF AMINOETHYLENE SULFONIC ESTER WITH CARBON DIOXIDE ADDITION TO PRODUCE TAURINE
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A process for producing taurine, comprising mixing aminoethanol sulfate ester (AES) and a carbon dioxide, thus producing a reaction mixture, and heating the reaction mixture in the presence of a sulfite or a bisulfite, or combination thereof, such that taurine is formed.
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Paragraph 47-49
(2021/10/02)
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- Novel method for preparing monoethanolamine
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The invention discloses a novel method for preparing monoethanolamine, and belongs to the field of coal chemical industry. According to the method, an intermediate product methyl glycolate in the coal-to-ethylene glycol production process is used as a starting raw material, firstly, methyl glycolate and an amino compound (primary amine) react under the action of a catalyst to generate glycolamide, and then the glycolamide is hydrogenated at the temperature of 80-260 DEG C and the pressure of 0.1-10 MPa in the presence of a catalyst B to obtain ethanolamine. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of low cost and high yield, effectively utilizes the intermediate product in the coal-to-chemical industry as the raw material, and is a novel method capable of replacing the traditional ethylene oxide method to produce monoethanolamine.
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Paragraph 0077-0086
(2021/04/07)
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- Copper(I) Phosphinooxazoline Complexes: Impact of the Ligand Substitution and Steric Demand on the Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties
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A series of seven homoleptic CuI complexes based on hetero-bidentate P^N ligands was synthesized and comprehensively characterized. In order to study structure–property relationships, the type, size, number and configuration of substituents at the phosphinooxazoline (phox) ligands were systematically varied. To this end, a combination of X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, steady-state absorption and emission spectroscopy, time-resolved emission spectroscopy, quenching experiments and cyclic voltammetry was used to assess the photophysical and electrochemical properties. Furthermore, time-dependent density functional theory calculations were applied to also analyze the excited state structures and characteristics. Surprisingly, a strong dependency on the chirality of the respective P^N ligand was found, whereas the specific kind and size of the different substituents has only a minor impact on the properties in solution. Most importantly, all complexes except C3 are photostable in solution and show fully reversible redox processes. Sacrificial reductants were applied to demonstrate a successful electron transfer upon light irradiation. These properties render this class of photosensitizers as potential candidates for solar energy conversion issues.
- Frey, Wolfgang,Giereth, Robin,Karnahl, Michael,Klo?, Marvin,Mengele, Alexander K.,Steffen, Andreas,Tschierlei, Stefanie
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p. 2675 - 2684
(2020/03/04)
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- METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHYLENEAMINES
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The present invention relates to a process for preparing alkanolamines and/or ethyleneamines in the liquid phase, by reacting ethylene glycol and/or monoethanolamine with ammonia in the presence of an amination catalyst comprising Co, Ru and Sn.
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Paragraph 0336-0352
(2020/05/14)
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- METHOD FOR PRODUCING ETHANOLAMINES AND/OR ETHYLENEAMINES
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The present invention relates to a process for preparing ethanolamines and/or ethyleneamines in the gas phase by reacting ethylene glycol with ammonia in the presence of an amination catalyst. It is a characteristic feature of the process that the amination catalyst is prepared by reducing a calcined catalyst precursor comprising an active composition, where the active composition comprises one or more active metals selected from the group consisting of the elements of groups 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the Periodic Table of the Elements and optionally one or more added catalyst elements selected group consisting of the metals and semimetals of groups 3 to 7 and 12 to 17, the element P and the rare earth elements. It is a further characteristic feature of the process that a catalyst precursor having low basicity is used, the low basicity being achieved in that a) the catalyst precursor is prepared by coprecipitation and the active composition additionally comprises one or more basic elements selected from the group consisting of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals; orb) the catalyst precursor, as well as the active composition, additionally comprises a support material and is prepared by impregnating the support material or precipitative application onto the support material and the support material comprises one or more basic elements selected from the group consisting of the alkali metals, Be, Ca, Ba and Sr or one or more minerals selected from the group consisting of hydrotalcite, chrysotile and sepiolite; orc) the catalyst precursor, as well as the active composition, additionally comprises a support material and is prepared by impregnating the support material or precipitative application onto the support material and the active composition of the catalyst support comprises one or more basic elements selected from the group consisting of the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals; ord) the catalyst precursor is calcined at temperatures of 600° C. or more; ore) the catalyst precursor is prepared by a combination of variants a) and d) or by a combination of variants b) and d) or by a combination of variants c) and d).
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Paragraph 0267-0274
(2020/04/09)
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- PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ALKANOLAMINE
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The present invention provides a method of producing an ethanolamine, with a low production ratio of a dialkanolamine (for example, less than 30% by weight). A process for producing an alkanolamine of the present invention includes reacting an alkylene oxide with ammonia to obtain a reaction product containing a monoalkanolamine, a dialkanolamine, and a trialkanolamine; separating the dialkanolamine from the reaction product; and recycling at least a portion of the dialkanolamine for the reaction of an alkylene oxide with ammonia, wherein in the recycling step, the dialkanolamine is supplied in a molar ratio of the alkylene oxide (moles) to a total amount (moles) of ammonia and the dialkanolamine of 0.08 or more and less than 0.26.
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Paragraph 0046-0053
(2019/02/19)
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- Organocatalytic Decarboxylation of Amino Acids as a Route to Bio-based Amines and Amides
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Amino acids obtained by fermentation or recovered from protein waste hydrolysates represent an excellent renewable resource for the production of bio-based chemicals. In an attempt to recycle both carbon and nitrogen, we report here on a chemocatalytic, metal-free approach for decarboxylation of amino acids, thereby providing a direct access to primary amines. In the presence of a carbonyl compound the amino acid is temporarily trapped into a Schiff base, from which the elimination of CO2 may proceed more easily. After evaluating different types of aldehydes and ketones on their activity at low catalyst loadings (≤5 mol%), isophorone was identified as powerful organocatalyst under mild conditions. After optimisation many amino acids with a neutral side chain were converted in 28–99 % yield in 2-propanol at 150 °C. When the reaction is performed in DMF, the amine is susceptible to N-formylation. This consecutive reaction is catalysed by the acidity of the amino acid reactant itself. In this way, many amino acids were efficiently transformed to the corresponding formamides in a one-pot catalytic system.
- Claes, Laurens,Janssen, Michiel,De Vos, Dirk E.
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p. 4297 - 4306
(2019/08/26)
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- β-Amino Phosphine Mn Catalysts for 1,4-Transfer Hydrogenation of Chalcones and Allylic Alcohol Isomerization
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Mn complexes with amino acid derived PN ligands were used in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (TH) of ketone and chalcone substrates in 2-propanol with mild heating. Moreover, chalcones are reduced selectively to the saturated ketone at short times and can be fully converted to the alcohol when reactions are prolonged. The mechanism of chalcone reduction was briefly considered. Allylic alcohols are not reactive in 2-propanol, but quantitative isomerization occurs in toluene. Thus, we suspect that the allylic alcohols are dehydrogenated and the resulting ketone is formed through a direct 1,4-hydrogenation of the chalcone. Finally, several other related ligands that have been used in Mn-based TH reactions were explored to test the viability of ligand design in favoring chemoselectivity. The β-amino phosphine ligands proved most effective in this regard.
- Vigneswaran, Vipulan,MacMillan, Samantha N.,Lacy, David C.
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p. 4387 - 4391
(2019/11/14)
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- Diastereoselective Desymmetrization of p-Quinamines through Regioselective Ring Opening of Epoxides and Aziridines
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A highly diastereoselective desymmetrization of p-quinamines via regioselective ring opening of epoxides and aziridines under mild conditions has been developed. A chairlike six-membered transition state with minimized 1,3-diaxial interactions explains the relative stereoselectivity of the cyclization reaction. This transition-metal free [3 + 3] annulation reaction provides rapid access to fused bicyclic morpholines and piperazines with a tetrasubstituted carbon center in high yields. In addition, it also allows the synthesis of enantioenriched products by using easily accessible chiral nonracemic epoxides and aziridines.
- Jadhav, Sandip B.,Chegondi, Rambabu
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supporting information
p. 10115 - 10119
(2019/12/24)
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- ZEOLITE CATALYZED PROCESS FOR THE AMINATION OF ALKYLENE OXIDES
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The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of ethylene oxide to 2- aminoethanol and/or Di(2-hydroxyethyl)amine comprising (i) providing a catalyst comprising a zeolitic material comprising YO2 and X2O3 in its frame- work structure, wherein Y is a tetravalent element and X is a trivalent element, wherein the zeo- litic material has a framework-type structure selected from the group consisting of MFI and/or MEL, including MEL/MFI intergrowths, and wherein the zeolitic material contains one or more rare earth elements; (ii) providing a mixture in the liquid phase comprising ethylene oxide and ammonia; (iii) contacting the catalyst provided in (i) with the mixture in the liquid phase provided in (ii) for converting ethylene oxide to 2-aminoethanol and/or Di(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, wherein the catalyst provided in (i) is obtained and/or obtainable by a process comprising load- ing one or more salts of the one or more rare earth elements into the pores of the porous structure of the zeolitic material and optionally on the surface of the zeolitic material.
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Page/Page column 24; 27-28
(2019/12/25)
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- PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AN AMINE IN A SOLVENT SYSTEM CONTAINING WATER
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The present invention pertains to a process for producing an amine from an aldehyde or a precursor thereof, or a ketone in a solvent system containing water. The process is more environmentally friendly and permits to obtain an amine compound under mild reaction conditions.
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Page/Page column 17-18
(2019/10/04)
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- Rapid synthesis method of biomass-based amide
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The invention discloses a rapid synthesis method of biomass-based amide, which comprises the steps: formamide is used as an amine source, formic acid is used as a hydrogen source, biomass aldehyde andketone is used as a raw material, the direct addition of formamide and aldehyde and ketone components and the reduction of formic acid is promoted to prepare the corresponding formamide derivative byrapidly heating under microwave-assisted heating and in the absence of a solvent and a catalyst; the formamide derivative is selectively converted to the corresponding primary amide by alcoholysis under the action of a base. The microwave assisted heating reaction system of the invention has higher catalytic efficiency than the corresponding oil bath system, greatly shortens the reaction time, remarkably improves the selectivity. The conversion rate of the biomass aldehyde or ketone compound is at least 99%, and the yield of the formamide derivative can reach 85 to 99%; the formamide can be synthesized by alcoholysis to obtain a primary amide with a yield of 92 to 99%.
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Paragraph 0052; 0055-0057
(2019/01/15)
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- An Efficient Ruthenium Catalyst Bearing Tetradentate Ligand for Hydrogenations of Carbon Dioxide
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A ruthenium complex with a tetradentate bipyridine ligand was proved to be a highly efficient catalyst for the conversions of CO2. Turnover numbers up to 300 000, 9800, and 2100 were achieved for the hydrogenations of CO2 to formamides, formamides to methanol and amines, and the direct hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol, respectively.
- Zhang, Feng-Hua,Liu, Chong,Li, Wei,Tian, Gui-Long,Xie, Jian-Hua,Zhou, Qi-Lin
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supporting information
p. 1000 - 1002
(2018/09/21)
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- AQUEOUS COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF PRODUCING CHLORINE DIOXIDE USING AQUEOUS COMPOSITION
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An aqueous composition includes an activator, a chlorite ion source, and water. The aqueous composition is alkaline. The aqueous composition produces chlorine dioxide upon contact with an acid. A method of producing chlorine dioxide includes contacting the aqueous composition with an acid.
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- Low-Temperature Reductive Aminolysis of Carbohydrates to Diamines and Aminoalcohols by Heterogeneous Catalysis
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Short amines, such as ethanolamines and ethylenediamines, are important compounds in today's bulk and fine chemicals industry. Unfortunately, current industrial manufacture of these chemicals relies on fossil resources and requires rigorous safety measures when handling explosive or toxic intermediates. Inspired by the elegant working mechanism of aldolase enzymes, a novel heterogeneously catalyzed process—reductive aminolysis—was developed for the efficient production of short amines from carbohydrates at low temperature. High-value bio-based amines containing a bio-derived C2 carbon backbone were synthesized in one step with yields up to 87 C%, in the absence of a solvent and at a temperature below 405 K. A wide variety of available primary and secondary alkyl- and alkanolamines can be reacted with the carbohydrate to form the corresponding C2-diamine. The presented reductive aminolysis is therefore a promising strategy for sustainable synthesis of short, acyclic, bio-based amines.
- Pelckmans, Michiel,Vermandel, Walter,Van Waes, Frederik,Moonen, Kristof,Sels, Bert F.
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supporting information
p. 14540 - 14544
(2017/10/23)
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- RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES AND THEIR USES AS CATALYSTS IN PROCESSES FOR FORMATION AND/OR HYDROGENATION OF ESTERS, AMIDES AND RELATED REACTIONS
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The present invention relates to novel Ruthenium complexes of formulae A1-A4 and their use, inter alia, for (1) dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to esters; (2) hydrogenation of esters to alcohols (including hydrogenation of cyclic esters (lactones) or cyclic di-esters (di-lactones), or polyesters); (3) preparing amides from alcohols and amines—(including the preparation of polyamides (e.g., polypeptides) by reacting dialcohols and diamines and/or polymerization of amino alcohols and/or forming cyclic dipeptides from p-aminoalcohols; (4) hydrogenation of amides (including cyclic dipeptides, polypeptides and polyamides) to alcohols and amines; (5) hydrogenation of organic carbonates (including polycarbonates) to alcohols or hydrogenation of carbamates (including polycarbamates) or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; (6) dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones; (7) amidation of esters (i.e., synthesis of amides from esters and amines); (8) acylation of alcohols using esters; (9) coupling of alcohols with water and a base to form carboxylic acids; and (10) preparation of amino acids or their salts by coupling of amino alcohols with water and a base. The present, invention further relates to the use of certain known Ruthenium complexes for the preparation of amino acids or their salts from amino alcohols.
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Paragraph 0281; 0325
(2017/10/18)
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- Continuous production device and process for triethanolamine
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The invention relates to a continuous production device and process for triethanolamine, particularly relates to the microfluid continuous production device and process for high-purity triethanolamine and belongs to the field of synthesis of ethanolamine. According to the continuous production device and process for the triethanolamine, provided by the invention, a microfluid production device is used, a micro-mixer can be used for enabling epoxyethane to rapidly react with ammonia water completely under the conditions of high pressure and high temperature, no superfluous epoxyethane continues to react with EA to produce byproducts, and thus an ethanolamine mixed solution which is free of the byproducts is obtained; and by using the efficient mass transfer characteristic of the micro-mixer, the selectivity of reaction of the epoxyethane with MEA and DEA is improved, so that the high-purity triethanolamine is obtained.
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Paragraph 0057; 0058; 0059; 0060; 0061; 0062
(2017/05/23)
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- Production of Primary Amines by Reductive Amination of Biomass-Derived Aldehydes/Ketones
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Transformation of biomass into valuable nitrogen-containing compounds is highly desired, yet limited success has been achieved. Here we report an efficient catalyst system, partially reduced Ru/ZrO2, which could catalyze the reductive amination of a variety of biomass-derived aldehydes/ketones in aqueous ammonia. With this approach, a spectrum of renewable primary amines was produced in good to excellent yields. Moreover, we have demonstrated a two-step approach for production of ethanolamine, a large-market nitrogen-containing chemical, from lignocellulose in an overall yield of 10 %. Extensive characterizations showed that Ru/ZrO2-containing multivalence Ru association species worked as a bifunctional catalyst, with RuO2 as acidic promoter to facilitate the activation of carbonyl groups and Ru as active sites for the subsequent imine hydrogenation.
- Liang, Guanfeng,Wang, Aiqin,Li, Lin,Xu, Gang,Yan, Ning,Zhang, Tao
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supporting information
p. 3050 - 3054
(2017/03/14)
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- A metagenomics approach for new biocatalyst discovery: Application to transaminases and the synthesis of allylic amines
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Transaminase enzymes have significant potential for the sustainable synthesis of amines using mild aqueous reaction conditions. Here a metagenomics mining strategy has been used for new transaminase enzyme discovery. Starting from oral cavity microbiome samples, DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed. Subsequent in silico mining of a library of contiguous reads built from the sequencing data identified 11 putative Class III transaminases which were cloned and overexpressed. Several screening protocols were used and three enzymes selected of interest due to activities towards substrates covering a wide structural diversity. Transamination of functionalized cinnamaldehydes was then investigated for the production of valuable amine building blocks.
- Baud, Damien,Jeffries, Jack W. E.,Moody, Thomas S.,Ward, John M.,Hailes, Helen C.
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p. 1134 - 1143
(2017/08/14)
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- liquid ammonia law method for producing ethanolamine
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The invention relates to a method for producing ethanol amine by using a liquid ammonia method, and mainly solves the technical problems that in the prior art, the reaction system is large in size, rich in byproduct, low in ammonia recycling rate, high in energy consumption and the like. The method solves the problems well by adopting the technical scheme that a three-section insulating fixed bed reactor is adopted; a reaction product is divided into three parts; after the first part of the reaction product is subjected to the first flashing, the liquid phase exchanges heat with the second part of the reaction product and is heated for the second flashing; after being subjected to heat exchange, the second part of the reaction product is further cooled down and circulated into the reactor to be used as a cold shock liquid to control the reaction temperature of the reactor; the third part of the reaction product is directly circulated back to the first section of the reactor; the liquid phase after the first part of the reaction product is subjected to the second flashing passes through an ammonia recycling tower so as to recycle the ammonia; the liquid phase of an ammonia recycling tower kettle liquid passes through a monoethanolamine distilling tower, a diethanol amine distilling tower and a triethanolamine distilling tower and is sucked out from depressurizing distillation separation side lines so as to obtain products of monoethanolamine, diethanol amine and triethanolamine. The method can be applied to industrial production of ethanol amine.
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Paragraph 0024-0028
(2017/02/09)
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- Design, Synthesis, Fungicidal Activity, and Unexpected Docking Model of the First Chiral Boscalid Analogues Containing Oxazolines
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Chirality greatly influences the biological and pharmacological properties of a pesticide and will contribute to unnecessary environmental loading and undesired ecological impact. No structure and activity relationship (SAR) of enantiopure succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) was documented during the structure optimization of boscalids. On the basis of commercial SDHIs, oxazoline natural products, and versatile oxazoline ligands in organic synthesis, the first effort was devoted to explore the chiral SDHIs and the preliminary mechanism thereof. Fine-tuning furnished chiral nicotinamides 4ag as a more promising fungicidal candidate against Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, with EC50 values of 0.58, 0.42, and 2.10 mg/L, respectively. In vivo bioassay and molecular docking were investigated to explore the potential in practical application and plausible novelty in action mechanism, respectively. The unexpected molecular docking model showed the different chiral effects on the binding site with the amino acid residues. This chiral nicotinamide also featured easy synthesis and cost-efficacy. It will provide a powerful complement to the commercial SDHI fungicides with the introduction of chirality.
- Li, Shengkun,Li, Dangdang,Xiao, Taifeng,Zhang, Shasha,Song, Zehua,Ma, Hongyu
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p. 8927 - 8934
(2016/12/07)
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- One-pot reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with ammonia via ‘hydrogen borrowing’ using hydrido- and bis-ammine P,O(Me)-ruthenacycles
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The novel cationic [RuH{PPh2(2-OMeC6H4)}2]BPh4and neutral trans-[Ru(NH3)2{PPh2(2-OC6H4)}2] complexes were isolated from phosphine substitution reactions with [RuH(1,5-cod)(NH2NMe2)3]BPh4and [RuCl(1,5-cod)(NH3)2(NH2NMe2)]BPh4respectively. Ligand induced bisdemethylation of the pendent ether moieties of the phosphines occurred to give rise to the bis-phosphanylphenoxy moieties. Both complexes catalyzed the one-pot reductive amination of carbonyl compounds where excellent selectivity of aryl aldehydes over aryl ketones as precursors to the alcoholic species existed. Through substrate screening and1H NMR studies, both steric and electronic effects of the substrates were found to influence the hydrogenation/amination mechanistic pathway, as well as direct the alcohol:amine selectivity.
- Malan, Frederick P.,Noh, Ji-Hyang,Naganagowda, Gadada,Singleton, Eric,Meijboom, Reinout
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p. 139 - 145
(2016/11/18)
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- METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALKANOL AMINES BY HOMOGENEOUSLY CATALYZED ALCOHOL AMINATION
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing alkanol amines by alcohol amination of diols using ammonia under elimination of water. SOLUTION: The invention relates to a method for producing alkanol amines which comprise a primary amino group (-NH2) and a hydroxyl group (-OH), by alcohol amination of diols comprising two hydroxyl groups (-OH) using ammonia under elimination of water. The reaction is homogeneously catalyzed in the presence of at least one complex catalyst which contains at least one element selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table and at least one donor ligand. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2016,JPO&INPIT
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Paragraph 0088; 0102
(2016/10/27)
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- mellow amination by homogeneous catalysis of the method for the production of primary amines
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The invention relates to a method for producing primary amines by means of the alcohol amination of alcohols with ammonia, with water being eliminated. The method comprises the steps of: (a) a homogenously-catalysed reaction of a reaction mixture which contains at least one alcohol, ammonia, at least one non-polar solvent, and at least one catalyst containing at least one element selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table in the liquid phase, a product mixture (P) thus being obtained; (b) separating the phases of product mixture (P) which was obtained in step (a), if necessary after a reduction in temperature, a reduction in pressure and/or the addition of at least one polar solvent with a miscibility gap in relation to the non-polar solvent, and thus obtaining at least one polar product phase (A) and at least one non-polar phase (B) containing at least one portion of the catalyst that was introduced, with said non-polar phase (B) being separated off, (c) returning at least one portion of the non-polar phase (B) into the reaction in step (a), and (d) separating the amination product from the polar product phase (A). The non-polar solvent introduced in (a) and the catalyst introduced in step (a) are selected such that the catalyst in the non-polar phase (B) becomes enriched.
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Paragraph 0265; 0270
(2016/10/09)
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- POLYMER AND CONTRAST AGENT FOR PHOTOACOUSTIC IMAGING INCLUDING THE POLYMER
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To provide a polymer having a high ratio of the amount thereof present in a tumor to the amount thereof present in blood (hereinafter, sometimes abbreviated as a tumor/blood ratio). The polymer has phosphorylcholine (derivative) as a side chain and has a dye (near-infrared dye) having absorption in the near-infrared wavelength region bound to the polymer.
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Page/Page column 36
(2016/05/24)
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- Method for manufacturing ammonia-N
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing an N-alkyl hydroxylamine, which produces a pure N-alkyl hydroxylamine in a high yield under a mild condition by a simple method, does not require a strict time management and is advantageous for industrial-scale production. SOLUTION: The method for producing an N-alkyl hydroxylamine includes bringing an N-alkyl nitro compound into contact with a hydrogen source in the presence of a solid catalyst supporting palladium on silica and in the absence of a significant quantity of a fourth reaction component. The method for producing an N-alkyl hydroxylamine includes bringing (A) an N-alkyl nitro compound into contact only with (B) a hydrogen source and (C) a solid catalyst supporting palladium on silica, or bringing (A) an N-alkyl nitro compound into contact only with (B) a hydrogen source, (C) a solid catalyst supporting palladium on silica and (D) a solvent that does not deactivate catalytic activity and has a pKa of ≥12. COPYRIGHT: (C)2012,JPOandINPIT
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Paragraph 0098
(2018/12/01)
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- HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention features compounds that are HIV integrase inhibitors and therefore are useful in the inhibition of HIV replication, the prevention and/or treatment of infection by HIV, and in the treatment of AIDS and/or ARC.
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- Combining Low-Pressure CO2 Capture and Hydrogenation to Form Methanol
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This paper describes a novel approach to CO2 hydrogenation, in which CO2 capture with aminoethanols at low pressure is coupled with hydrogenation of the captured product, oxazolidinone, directly to MeOH. In particular, (2-methylamino)ethanol or valinol captures CO2 at 1-3 bar in the presence of catalytic Cs2CO3 to give the corresponding oxazolidinones in up to 65-70 and 90-95% yields, respectively. Efficient hydrogenation of oxazolidinones was achieved using PNN pincer Ru catalysts to give the corresponding aminoethanol (up to 95-100% yield) and MeOH (up to 78-92% yield). We also have shown that both CO2 capture and oxazolidinone hydrogenation can be performed in the same reaction mixture using a simple protocol that avoids intermediate isolation or purification steps. For example, CO2 can be captured by valinol at 1 bar with Cs2CO3 catalyst followed by 4-isopropyl-2-oxazolidinone hydrogenation in the presence of a bipy-based pincer Ru catalyst to produce MeOH in 50% yield after two steps.
- Khusnutdinova, Julia R.,Garg, Jai Anand,Milstein, David
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p. 2416 - 2422
(2015/04/14)
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- Insight into the mechanism of hydrogenation of amino acids to amino alcohols catalyzed by a heterogeneous MoOx-modified Rh catalyst
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Hydrogenation of amino acids to amino alcohols is a promising utilization of natural amino acids. We found that MoOx-modified Rh/SiO2 (Rh-MoOx/SiO2) is an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the reaction at low temperature (323 K) and the addition of a small amount of MoOx drastically increases the activity and selectivity. Here, we report the catalytic potential of Rh-MoOx/SiO2 and the results of kinetic and spectroscopic studies to elucidate the reaction mechanism of Rh-MoOx/SiO2 catalyzed hydrogenation of amino acids to amino alcohols. Rh-MoOx/SiO2 is superior to previously reported catalysts in terms of activity and substrate scope. This reaction proceeds by direct formation of an aldehyde intermediate from the carboxylic acid moiety, which is different from the reported reaction mechanism. This mechanism can be attributed to the reactive hydride species and substrate adsorption caused by MoOx modification of Rh metal, which results in high activity, selectivity, and enantioselectivity.
- Tamura, Masazumi,Tamura, Riku,Takeda, Yasuyuki,Nakagawa, Yoshinao,Tomishige, Keiichi
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p. 3097 - 3107
(2015/02/05)
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- Method for separating N,N,N'-trimethylbisaminoethylether and/or N,N-dimethylbisaminoethylether from a mixture
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The present invention relates to a method for separating N,N,N'-trimethylbisaminoethylether and/or N,N-dimethylbisaminoethylether, from a mixture A comprising N,N,N'-trimethylbisaminoethylether, and N,N-dimethylbisaminoethylether, wherein said method comprises the steps of: (a) contacting said mixture A with an acylating agent, to form a mixture B comprising the amides of N,N,N'-trimethylbisaminoethylether and of N,N-dimethylbisaminoethylether, respectively; and (b1) separating the amide of N,N,N'-trimethylbisaminoethylether from mixture B; and (c1) recovering N,N,N'-trimethylbisaminoethylether from its amide by means of a transamidation reaction; and/or (b2) separating the amide of N,N-dimethylbisaminoethylether from mixture B; and (c2) recovering N,N-dimethylbisaminoethylether from its amide by means of a transamidation reaction.
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Paragraph 0153; 0154; 0155; 0156; 0157; 0158
(2015/05/05)
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- · Uniform catalyst by using alcohol aminosilicone di-, tri-and a method of manufacturing a polyphenylenepolyamine
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The invention relates to a method for producing primary amines, which contain at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-NH2) and at least one further primary amino group, by the alcohol amination of reactants, which contain at least one functional group of the formula (-CH2-OH) and at least one further functional group (-X), wherein (-X) is selected from hydroxyl groups and primary amino groups, using ammonia with removal of water, wherein the reaction is carried out in a homogeneously catalyzed manner in the presence of at least one complex catalyst containing at least one element selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table and at least one donor ligand.
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Paragraph 0099; 0110; 0111
(2016/10/09)
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- Catalytic hydrogenation of amino acids to amino alcohols with complete retention of configuration
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Rh-MoOx/SiO2 is an effective heterogeneous catalyst for selective hydrogenation of amino acids to amino alcohols in a water solvent. MoOx modification of Rh drastically enhanced the activity and improved the selectivity and ee. Various amino alcohols were obtained in high yields (90-94%) with complete retention of configuration. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Tamura, Masazumi,Tamura, Riku,Takeda, Yasuyuki,Nakagawa, Yoshinao,Tomishige, Keiichi
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p. 6656 - 6659
(2014/06/10)
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- Decarboxylation of a Wide Range of Amino Acids with Electrogenerated Hypobromite
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Bromide-assisted electrochemical decarboxylation efficiently produces valuable nitriles in high yields from a wide range of naturally occurring amino acids in a single step. Bromide salts are used as both redox mediators and supporting electrolytes in a simple one-compartment setup. As demonstrated for lysine, the selectivity of the decarboxylation can be tuned towards nitriles, amines or amides. An electrochemical system is developed that allows the selective decarboxylation of a wide range of amino acids. Valuable nitriles are obtained in high yields in a single step by using bromide salts as both redox mediators and supporting electrolytes. The product selectivity of lysine can be tuned towards nitriles, amines, or amides.
- Matthessen, Roman,Claes, Laurens,Fransaer, Jan,Binnemans, Koen,De Vos, Dirk E.
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p. 6649 - 6652
(2016/02/19)
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- TUNABLE FLUORESCENCE USING CLEAVABLE LINKERS
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The invention relates to cleavable chemistry in general, and in particular, to tunable fluoresence using cleavable linkers present in fluorochrome-quencher conjugates.
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-
Paragraph 00114-00115
(2014/11/11)
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- Synthesis of pyrrole N-derivatives from oxazolidines
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Transformations of oxazolidine derivatives synthesized from industrially produced amino alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones under basic or acidic catalysis lead to the formation of N-alkyl- and N-(hydroxyalkyl)-substituted pyrroles in 19-81% yields.
- Sadykov, E. Kh.,Stankevich,Lobanova,Klimenko
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p. 219 - 224
(2014/04/17)
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- Carbon dioxide capture and use: Organic synthesis using carbon dioxide from exhaust gas
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A carbon capture and use (CCU) strategy was applied to organic synthesis. Carbon dioxide (CO2) captured directly from exhaust gas was used for organic transformations as efficiently as hyper-pure CO2 gas from a commercial source, even for highly air- and moisture-sensitive reactions. The CO2 capturing aqueous ethanolamine solution could be recycled continuously without any diminished reaction efficiency. Exhaust gas is good enough! Carbon dioxide captured directly from exhaust gas was used for organic syntheses (see picture) as efficiently as hyper-pure CO2 gas from a commercial source, even for highly air- and moisture-sensitive reactions. The CO2 capturing aqueous ethanolamine solution could be recycled continuously without any diminished reaction efficiency. Copyright
- Kim, Seung Hyo,Kim, Kwang Hee,Hong, Soon Hyeok
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supporting information
p. 771 - 774
(2014/01/23)
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- Process for Preparing Piperazine
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Process for preparing piperazine of the formula I by reacting diethanolamine (DEOA) of the formula II with ammonia (NH3) in the presence of hydrogen and a supported, metal-containing catalyst, wherein the catalytically active mass of the catalyst, prior to its reduction with hydrogen, comprises 20 to 85% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of zirconium, calculated as ZrO2, 1 to 30% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of copper, calculated as CuO, 14 to 70% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of nickel, calculated as NiO, and 0 to 5% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of molybdenum, calculated as MoO3, and the reaction is carried out in the liquid phase at an absolute pressure in the range from 160 to 220 bar, a temperature in the range from 180 to 220° C., using ammonia in a molar ratio to DEOA used of from 5 to 20 and in the presence of 0.2 to 9.0% by weight of hydrogen, based on the total amount of DEOA used and ammonia.
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Paragraph 0100-0109
(2014/01/08)
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- Process for Preparing Piperazine
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Process for preparing piperazine of the formula I by reacting diethanolamine (DEOA) of the formula II with ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and a supported, metal-containing catalyst has been found, wherein the catalytically active mass of the catalyst, prior to its reduction with hydrogen, comprises oxygen-containing compounds of aluminum, copper, nickel and cobalt and in the range from 0.2 to 5.0% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of tin, calculated as SnO, and the reaction is carried out in the liquid phase at an absolute pressure in the range from 160 to 220 bar, a temperature in the range from 180 to 220° C., using ammonia in a molar ratio to DEOA used of from 5 to 25 and in the presence of 0.2 to 9.0% by weight of hydrogen, based on the total amount of DEOA used and ammonia.
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Paragraph 0109-0117
(2014/01/08)
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- Probing the nature of the Co(III) ion in corrins: Comparison of reactions of aquacyanocobyrinic acid heptamethyl ester and aquacyano-stable yellow cobyrinic acid hexamethyl ester with neutral N-donor ligands
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Equilibrium constants (log K) for substitution of coordinated H 2O in aquacyanocobyrinic acid heptamethyl ester (aquacyanocobester, ACCbs) and aquacyano-stable yellow cobyrinic acid hexamethyl ester (aquacyano-stable yellow cobester, ACSYCbs), in which oxidation of the C5 carbon of the corrin interrupts the normal delocalized system of corrins, by neutral N-donor ligands (ammonia, ethanolamine, 2-methoxyethylamine, N-methylimidazole, and 4-methylpyridine) have been determined spectrophotometrically as a function of temperature. Log K values increase with the basicity of the ligand, but a strong compensation effect between ΔH and ΔS values causes a leveling effect. The aliphatic amines with a harder donor atom produce ΔH values that are more negative in their reactions with ACSYCbs than with ACCbs, while the softer, aromatic N donors produce more negative ΔH values with ACCbs than with ACSYCbs. Molecular modeling (DFT, M06L/SVP, and a quantum theory of atoms in molecules analysis of the electron density) shows that complexes of the aliphatic amines with SYCbs produce shorter and stronger Co-N bonds with less ionic character than the Co-N bonds of these ligands with the cobester. Conversely, the Co-N bond to the aromatic N donors is shorter, stronger, and somewhat less ionic in the complexes of the cobester than in those of the SYCbs. Therefore, the distinction between the harder Co(III) in ACSYCbs and softer Co(III) in ACCbs, reported previously for anionic ligands, is maintained for neutral N-donor ligands.
- Chemaly, Susan M.,Kendall, Louise,Nowakowska, Monika,Pon, Dale,Perry, Christopher B.,Marques, Helder M.
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p. 1077 - 1083
(2013/03/13)
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- REACTION OF GLYCOLALDEHYDE WITH AN AMINATING AGENT
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The present invention relates to a process for reacting glycolaldehyde with an aminating agent in the presence of hydrogen and of a catalyst, the catalyst being activated by reducing a catalyst precursor or by reducing a passivated catalyst, which comprises effecting the reaction in the presence of a solvent and contacting the glycolaldehyde with the activated catalyst.
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Page/Page column 7-9
(2012/11/07)
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- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PRIMARY AMINES BY HOMOGENEOUSLY CATALYZED ALCOHOL AMINATION
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Preparing a primary amine by alcohol amination of alcohol with ammonia and elimination of water includes reacting, in a homogeneously catalyzed reaction, a mixture of alcohol, ammonia, nonpolar solvent, and catalyst, in a liquid phase, to obtain a product mixture. The process then includes phase separating the product mixture into a polar product phase and a nonpolar product phase, and separating off the nonpolar product phase. At least some of the nonpolar phase returns to the homogenously catalyzed reaction. The process further includes separating off amination product from the polar product phase. At least some of the catalyst is in the nonpolar phase, and the catalyst accumulates in the nonpolar phase.
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Page/Page column 14-15; 18
(2012/09/22)
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- PROCESS FOR PREPARING DI-, TRI- AND POLYAMINES BY HOMOGENEOUSLY CATALYZED ALCOHOL AMINATION
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Process for preparing primary amines which have at least one functional group of the formula (—CH2—NH2) and at least one further primary amino group by alcohol amination of starting materials having at least one functional group of the formula (—CH2—OH) and at least one further functional group (—X), where (—X) is selected from among hydroxyl groups and primary amino groups, by means of ammonia with elimination of water, wherein the reaction is carried out homogeneously catalyzed in the presence of at least one complex catalyst comprising at least one element selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table and also at least one donor ligand.
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Page/Page column 12; 15
(2012/09/22)
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- PROCESS FOR PREPARING ALKANOLAMINES BY HOMOGENEOUSLY CATALYZED ALCOHOL AMINATION
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Process for preparing alkanolamines which have a primary amino group (—NH2) and a hydroxyl group (—OH) by alcohol amination of diols having two hydroxyl groups (—OH) by means of ammonia with elimination of water, wherein the reaction is carried out homogeneously catalyzed in the presence of at least one complex catalyst comprising at least one element selected from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table and also at least one donor ligand.
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Page/Page column 13-14; 18
(2012/09/22)
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