20198-87-2Relevant articles and documents
ANIONIC-CATIONIC-NONIONIC SURFACTANT,PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF
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Paragraph 0265, (2017/11/16)
This invention relates to an anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant as substantially represented by the formula (I), production and use thereof in tertiary oil recovery. The anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant of this invention exhibits significantly improved interfacial activity and stability as compared with the prior art. With the present anionic-cationic-nonionic surfactant, a flooding fluid composition for tertiary oil recovery with improved oil displacement efficiency and oil washing capability as compared with the prior art could be produced. In the formula (I), each group is as defined in the specification.
Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium Salts as Inhibitors for the Ice Nucleating Activity of Erwinia ananas
Watanabe, Michiko,Makino, Takahiro,Okada, Katsuhide,Hara, Morio,Watabe, Satoshi,Arai, Soichi
, p. 201 - 206 (2007/10/02)
A variety of chemical compounds were examined as to their abilities to inhibit the ice nucleating activity of Erwinia ananas IN-10 cells and their outer membrane fraction.The nucleating activity of the outher membrane fraction was inhibited by many surface-active species among the compounds examined, whereas that of cells was inhibited only by amines and ammonium salts having amphiphilic structures.Ammonium salts with both an n-alkyl group having a carbon number of more than 8 and a benzyl group were particularly effective in inhibiting the nucleating activity of the bacterial cells.The inhibitory ability of one of the amphiphilic ammonium salts was greater at 15 deg C than at 4 deg C.When a tea plant was sprayed with one of the effective ammonium salts prior to being kept at -3 deg C overnight, it was possible to protect the plant from freeze-injury at the minimal concentration of 250 ppm.