- A Focused Library of Psychotropic Analogues with Neuroprotective and Neuroregenerative Potential
-
Overcoming the lack of effective treatments and the continuous clinical trial failures in neurodegenerative drug discovery might require a shift from the prevailing paradigm targeting pathogenesis to the one targeting simultaneously neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. In the studies reported herein, we sought to identify small molecules that might exert neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential as tools against neurodegenerative diseases. In doing so, we started from the reported neuroprotective/neuroregenerative mechanisms of psychotropic drugs featuring a tricyclic alkylamine scaffold. Thus, we designed a focused-chemical library of 36 entries aimed at exploring the structural requirements for efficient neuroprotective/neuroregenerative cellular activity, without the manifestation of toxicity. To this aim, we developed a synthetic protocol, which overcame the limited applicability of previously reported procedures. Next, we evaluated the synthesized compounds through a phenotypic screening pipeline, based on primary neuronal systems. Phenothiazine 2Bc showed improved neuroregenerative and neuroprotective properties with respect to reference drug desipramine (2Aa). Importantly, we have also shown that 2Bc outperformed currently available drugs in cell models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and attenuates microglial activation by reducing iNOS expression.
- Uliassi, Elisa,Pena-Altamira, Luis Emiliano,Morales, Aixa V.,Massenzio, Francesca,Petralla, Sabrina,Rossi, Michele,Roberti, Marinella,Martinez Gonzalez, Loreto,Martinez, Ana,Monti, Barbara,Bolognesi, Maria Laura
-
p. 279 - 294
(2018/10/20)
-
- NB 06: From a simple lysosomotropic aSMase inhibitor to tools for elucidating the role of lysosomes in signaling apoptosis and LPS-induced inflammation
-
Ceramide generation is involved in signal transduction of cellular stress response, in particular during stress-induced apoptosis in response to stimuli such as minimally modified Low-density lipoproteins, TNFalpha and exogenous C6-ceramide. In this paper we describe 48 diverse synthetic products and evaluate their lysosomotropic and acid sphingomyelinase inhibiting activities in macrophages. A stimuli-induced increase of C16-ceramide in macrophages can be almost completely suppressed by representative compound NB 06 providing an effective protection of macrophages against apoptosis. Compounds like NB 06 thus offer highly interesting fields of application besides prevention of apoptosis of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques in vessel walls. Most importantly, they can be used for blocking pH-dependent lysosomal processes and enzymes in general as well as for analyzing lysosomal dependent cellular signaling. Modulation of gene expression of several prominent inflammatory messengers IL1B, IL6, IL23A, CCL4 and CCL20 further indicate potentially beneficial effects in the field of (systemic) infections involving bacterial endotoxins like LPS or infections with influenza A virus.
- Blaess, Markus,Bibak, Nelly,Claus, Ralf A.,Kohl, Matthias,Bonaterra, Gabriel A.,Kinscherf, Ralf,Laufer, Stefan,Deigner, Hans-Peter
-
supporting information
p. 73 - 104
(2017/10/17)
-
- Carbazole compounds and therapeutic uses of the compounds
-
Compounds of the general structural formula (I) and (II) and use of the compounds and salts and hydrates thereof, as therapeutic agents are disclosed. Treatable diseases and conditions include cancers, inflammatory diseases and conditions, and immunodeficiency diseases. (I), (II).
- -
-
-
- Carbazole inhibitors of histamine receptors for the treatment of disease
-
The present invention relates to carbazole compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, and methods which may be useful as inhibitors of H1R and/or H4R for the treatment or prevention of inflammatory, autoimmune, allergic, and ocular diseases.
- -
-
Page/Page column 60-61
(2012/01/04)
-
- A route to regioselectively functionalized carbazoles, dibenzofurans, and dibenzothiophenes through anionic cyclization of benzyne-tethered aryllithiums
-
The treatment of 2-fluorophenyl 2-iodophenylamines, ether, and thioether, easily prepared from commercially available products, with 3.3 equiv of t-BuLi and further reaction with selected electrophiles gives rise to functionalized carbazole, dibenzofuran, and dibenzothiophene derivatives in a direct and regioselective manner. The process involves an anionic cyclization on a benzyne-tethered aryllithium intermediate.
- Sanz, Roberto,Fernandez, Yolanda,Castroviejo, Ma. Pilar,Perez, Antonio,Fananas, Francisco J.
-
p. 6291 - 6294
(2007/10/03)
-
- CALCIUM RECEPTOR MODULATING AGENTS
-
The compounds of the invention are represented by the following general structure (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and compositions containing them, wherein the variables are defined herein, and their use to reduce or inhibit PTH secretion, including methods for reducing or inhibiting PTH secretion and methods for treatment or prophylaxis of diseases associated with bone disorders, such as osteoporosis, or associated with excessive secretion of PTH, such as hyperparathyroidism. The subject invention also relates to processes for making such compounds as well as to intermediates useful in such processes.
- -
-
-
- Additions of 1-(α-Aminoalkyl)benzotriazoles to N-Vinylamines and N-Vinylamides. A Novel and Versatile Method for the Preparation of Unsymmetrically Substituted 1,3-Diamines
-
Additions of N,N-dialkyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamines 1 to 9-vinylcarbazole followed by reduction of the adducts with lithium aluminum hydride gave the corresponding 9-(3-(dialkylamino)propyl)carbazoles 8 in good yield.Treatment of the adducts with Grignard reagents gave products 9 with an alkyl or aryl group at the C-1 atom of the propylene linkage.Use of α-phenyl-N,N-dialkyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine (14) in the addition led to the C-3 phenyl substituted products 15-18.Similar additions to N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide or 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone followed by reduction of the adducts gave unsymmetrically substituted 1,3-propanediamines.Triamine 36 was obtained by condensation of ethylamine with formaldehyde and benzotriazole, addition of the product to 1-vinylpyrrolidinone, and reduction of the adduct with lithium aluminum hydride. 1,3-Propanediamine used in this process gave hexahydropyrimidine 39 while 1,6-hexanediamine gave hexamine 42.
- Katritzky, Alan R.,Rachwal, Stanislaw,Rachwal, Bogumila
-
p. 5206 - 5214
(2007/10/02)
-