- A convenient synthetic route to polypyridine-esters by palladium- promoted carboalkoxylation
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Pyridine and oligopyridines bearing halide or triflate groups react smoothly with CO (1 atm) and n-butanol in the presence of a tertiary amine and a catalytic amount of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride to afford the corresponding esters. When ethanol and a disubstituted substrate are used under milder conditions, selective mono-carboalkoxylation occurs. Amidation is effected using a primary amine as nucleophile.
- El-ghayoury, Abdelkrim,Ziessel, Raymond
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- Double subroutine self-assembly; spontaneous generation of a nanocyclic dodecanuclear Cu(I) inorganic architecture
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The newly synthesised ligand 2 combines binding components known to undergo specific and distinct self-assembly processes with Cu(I) ions. It complexes Cu(I) to form, in almost quantitative yield, a large inorganic architecture 1 made up from four ligand molecules and twelve metal ions. The structure of 1 was ascertained by X-ray radiocrystallography as well as by NMR spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry. It consists of a macrocycle of nanometric dimension with an external diameter of 28 A; the central cavity has a diameter of 11 A which contains four PF6/- anions as well as solvent molecules. The spontaneous formation of 1 results from a self-assembly process based on a 'program' combining two assembly subroutines, each specific to one of the ligand subunits. Self-assembly through double or, more generally, multipie subroutines can be used to generate a wide variety of highly complex inorganic supramolecular architectures by combination of two or more assembly processes.
- Funeriu, Daniel P.,Lehn, Jean-Marie,Baum, Gerhard,Fenske, Dieter
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- Facile synthesis of polypyridine esters: A route to functionalized aldehydes
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A wide range of ester-substituted oligopyridines, based on pyridine, 1,8-naphthyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-bipyridine, and 2,2':6',6-terpyridine units, has been synthesized and fully characterized. The principal reaction involves the palladium(0)-catalyzed carboalkoxylation of the bromo-, chloro- or triflate-substituted pyridine unit with carbon monoxide in the presence of a primary alcohol as nucleophile and a tertiary amine as base. Monofunctionalization of disubstituted compounds is realized by reaction in ethanol under mild conditions (70 °C, 1 atm CO). Stepwise reduction of selected esters with sodium borohydride, followed by Swern oxidation, affords the corresponding carbaldehydes in good yield. Several products are reported for the first time. The synthetic methods reported herein represent a valuable approach to the large-scale preparation of ester-functionalized oligopyridines that can be subsequently transformed to the corresponding alcohols or acids. These procedures also provide a practical methodology to the rational design of ligands bearing different kinds of functionalities.
- El-Ghayoury,Ziessel
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- Multidentate, V-Shaped Pyridine Building Blocks as Tectons for Crystal Engineering
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The formation of supramolecular structural units through self-assembly is a powerful method to design new architectures and materials endowed with specific properties. With the aim of adding a group of versatile tectons to the toolkit of crystal engineers, we have devised and synthesised four new V-shaped building blocks characterised by an aryl acetylene scaffold comprising three substituted pyridine rings connected by two triple bonds. The judicious choice of different substituents on the pyridine rings provides these tectons with distinctive steric, electrostatic and self-assembly properties, which influence their crystal structures and their ability to form co-crystals. Co-crystals of the tectons with tetraiododifluorobenzene were obtained both via traditional and mechanochemical crystallisation strategies, proving their potential use in crystal engineering. The energetic contributions of the supramolecular interactions at play in the crystal lattice have also been evaluated to better understand their nature and strength and to rationalise their role in designing molecular crystals.
- Guagnini, Francesca,Pedrini, Alessando,Dalcanale, Enrico,Massera, Chiara
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supporting information
p. 4660 - 4669
(2021/02/16)
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- Structure-activity relationship studies for the development of inhibitors of murine adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)
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High serum fatty acid (FA) levels are causally linked to the development of insulin resistance, which eventually progresses to type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) generalized in the term metabolic syndrome. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the initial enzyme in the hydrolysis of intracellular triacylglycerol (TG) stores, liberating fatty acids that are released from adipocytes into the circulation. Hence, ATGL-specific inhibitors have the potential to lower circulating FA concentrations, and counteract the development of insulin resistance and NAFLD. In this article, we report about structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of small molecule inhibitors of murine ATGL which led to the development of Atglistatin. Atglistatin is a specific inhibitor of murine ATGL, which has proven useful for the validation of ATGL as a potential drug target.
- Breinbauer, Rolf,Doler, Carina,Fuchs, Elisabeth,Grabner, Gernot F.,Mayer, Nicole,Melcher, Michaela-Christina,Migglautsch, Anna K.,Romauch, Matthias,Schweiger, Martina,Zechner, Rudolf,Zimmermann, Robert
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supporting information
(2020/07/13)
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- SUBSTITUTED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS FOR DISEASE TREATMENT
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The present invention relates generally to compositions and methods for treating neurodegenerative diseases and disorders, particularly ophthalmic diseases and disorders. Provided herein are substituted heterocyclic amine derivative compound and pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The subject compositions are useful for treating and preventing ophthalmic diseases and disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt's Disease.
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Paragraph 00356; 00451
(2013/07/31)
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- Facile preparation of aromatic esters from aromatic bromides with ethyl formate or DMF and molecular iodine via aryllithium
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Various aromatic bromides were treated with n-BuLi and subsequently with ethyl formate, followed by the reaction with ethanol and molecular iodine in the presence of K2CO3 to provide the corresponding aromatic ethyl esters in good yields. Moreover, aromatic bromides could be transformed into the corresponding aromatic methyl esters in good yields by the treatment with n-BuLi and subsequently with DMF, followed by the reaction with methanol, molecular iodine, and K2CO3. Some aromatics could be also converted into the corresponding aromatic esters in good yields by the treatment with n-BuLi, and subsequently with ethyl formate or DMF, followed by the reaction with molecular iodine and K2CO3. The present reactions offer a novel route for the transition-metal-free, carbon-monoxide-free, and therefore environmentally benign one-pot conversion of aromatic bromides and aromatics into aromatic esters.
- Ushijima, Sousuke,Moriyama, Katsuhiko,Togo, Hideo
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experimental part
p. 4701 - 4709
(2012/07/28)
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- Biarylaniline phenethanolamines as potent and selective β3 adrenergic receptor agonists
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The synthesis of a series of phenethanolamine aniline agonists that contain an aniline ring on the right-hand side of the molecule substituted at the meta position with a benzoic acid or a pyridyl carboxylate is described. Several of the analogues (e.g.,
- Uehling, David E.,Shearer, Barry G.,Donaldson, Kelly H.,Chao, Esther Y.,Deaton, David N.,Adkison, Kim K.,Brown, Kathleen K.,Cariello, Neal F.,Faison, Walter L.,Lancaster, Mary E.,Lin, Jasmine,Hart, Robert,Milliken, Tula O.,Paulik, Mark A.,Sherman, Bryan W.,Sugg, Elizabeth E.,Cowan, Conrad
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p. 2758 - 2771
(2007/10/03)
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- Novel gamma secretase inhibitors
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This invention discloses novel gamma secretase inhibitors of the formula: wherein: R1 is a substituted aryl or substituted heteroaryl group; R2 is an R1 group, alkyl, —XC(O)Y, alkylene-XC(O)Y, cycloalkylene-X—C(O)—Y, —CH—X—C(O)—NR3—Y or —CH—X—C(O)—Y, wherein X and Y are as defined herein; each R3 and each R3A are independently H, or alkyl; R11 is aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, arylcycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylcycloalkyl, arylheterocycloalkyl, or alkoxyalkyl. Also disclosed is a method of treating Alzheimer's Disease using one or more compounds of the invention.
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- Novel gamma secretase inhibitors
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This invention discloses novel gamma secretase inhibitors of the formula: wherein: R1 is a substituted aryl or substituted heteroaryl group; R2 is an R1 group, alkyl, —XC(O)Y, alkylene-XC(O)Y, cycloalkylene-X-C(O)—Y, —CH—X—C(O)—NR3—Y or —CH—X—C(O)—Y, wherein X and Y are as defined herein; each R3 and each R3A are independently H, or alkyl; R11 is aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, arylcycloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylcycloalkyl, arylheterocycloalkyl, or alkoxyalkyl. Also disclosed is a method of treating Alzheimer's Disease using one or more compounds of the invention.
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- Therapeutic biaryl derivatives
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The present invention relates to therapeutic biaryl derivatives of formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof wherein R1is a phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, thiazolyl, phenoxymethyl, or pyrimidyl group, optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkyl, nitro, cyano, hydroxymethyl, trifluoromethyl, —NR6R6, and —NHSO2R6, where each R6is independently hydrogen or C1-4alkyl; R2is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl; X is oxygen, sulfur, —NH, or —NC1-4alkyl; R3is cyano, tetrazol-5-yl, or —CO2R7where R7is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl; R4and R5are independently hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, —CO2H, —CO2C1-6alkyl, cyano, tetrazol-5-yl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, or C1-6alkoxy, or, when R4and R5are bonded to adjacent carbon atoms, R4and R5may, together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, form a fused5or6membered ring optionally containing one or two nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur atoms; and Y is N or CH, to processes for their preparation and their use in the treatment of diseases susceptible to ameleoration by treatment with a beta-3adrenoceptor agonist.
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- Synthesis of bisfunctionalized-oligopyridines bearing an ester group
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The synthesis of 2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenantroline and 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine substituted by an ethylester function is described. The 5- and 6-methyl-2,2′-bipyridines bearing an ethylester group on the 6′ position as well as the ethyl 6,6″-dimethyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine-4′- carboxylate moiety were synthesized via a Stille cross-coupling reaction, starting from bromo-picoline building blocks. A radical bromination of the methyl-oligopyridine gave selectively the corresponding benzylic bromide derivatives in fair yield.
- Ulrich, Gilles,Bedel, Sébastien,Picard, Claude,Tisnès, Pierre
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p. 6113 - 6115
(2007/10/03)
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