cas 21852-50-6, 5-BROMOMETHYL-1,2,3-TRIMETHOXY-BENZENE

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Erianin, a novel dibenzyl compound in Dendrobium extract, inhibits bladder cancer cell growth via the mitochondrial apoptosis and JNK pathways
Erianin, a component extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Dendrobium, has shown significant anti-tumour activity in various cancers but not in bladder cancer. In this study, we assessed the effects of Erianin on bladder cancer growth and elucidated the related mechanisms. First, Erianin was synthesized with high yields, and markedly suppressed EJ and T24 cell proliferation. It induced G2/M-phase arrest in vitro. Furthermore, Erianin triggered apoptosis via caspase cascades activation and the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway. Bim up-regulation and Bcl-2 down-regulation as the symbol of apoptosis which were found to play the dominant role in the effects of Erianin. We further showed that JNK pathway activation is necessary for the Erianin-mediated anti-proliferation and apoptotic response. Finally, Erianin exhibited anti-tumour activity and induced apoptosis in tumour tissue in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that Erianin induced cell cycle G2/M-phase arrest and apoptosis via the JNK signalling pathway in bladder cancer, indicating the potential usefulness of Erianin for the therapy of bladder cancer.
Zhu, Qiyu,Sheng, Yuwen,Li, Wenhua,Wang, Jing,Ma, Yulin,Du, Baowen,Tang, Yaxiong
p. 41 - 54
(2019)
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Synthesis of colchifulvin, a colchicine–griseofulvin hybrid
Since the antimitotic agent colchicine (4) and the antifungal antibiotic griseofulvin (5) bind the same target (tubulin), we have explored the possibility of combining the potency of 4 and the low-toxicity of 5 into a hybrid [colchifulvin (6)], where the aromatic A-ring of 4 is bound to a dienone C-ring in a spiro fashion reminiscent of 5. To this purpose, the intramolecular oxidative cyclization of bibenzyl and stilbenoid precursors of spiro[4.5]decadienones was investigated, eventually taming the unexpected subtleties of the reaction. Disappointingly, rac-6 did not share the biological profile of the two inspiring lead structures.
Marset, Azucena,Caprioglio, Diego,Torretta, Simone,Appendino, Giovanni,Minassi, Alberto
p. 1540 - 1543
(2016)
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Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of Spinosyns with C9- O -Benzyl Bioisosteres in Place of the 2′,3′,4′-Tri- O -methyl Rhamnose
The spinosyns are fermentation-derived natural products active against a wide range of insect pests. They are structurally complex, consisting of two sugars (forosamine and rhamnose) coupled to a macrocyclic tetracycle. Removal of the rhamnose sugar results in a >100-fold reduction in insecticidal activity. C9-O-benzyl analogues of spinosyn D were synthesized to determine if the 2′,3′,4′-tri-O-methyl rhamnose moiety could be replaced with a simpler, synthetic bioisostere. Insecticidal activity was evaluated against larvae of Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) and Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm). Whereas most analogues were far less active than spinosyn D, a few of the C9-O-benzyl analogues, such as 4-CN, 4-Cl, 2-isopropyl, and 3,5-diOMe, were within 3-15 times the activity of spinosyn D for larvae of S. exigua and H. zea. Thus, although not yet quite as effective, synthetic bioisosteres can substitute for the naturally occurring 2′,3′,4′-tri-O-methyl rhamnose moiety.
Oliver, M. Paige,Crouse, Gary D.,Demeter, David A.,Sparks, Thomas C.
p. 5571 - 5577
(2015)
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Identification of Pyruvate Carboxylase as the Cellular Target of Natural Bibenzyls with Potent Anticancer Activity against Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Metabolic Reprogramming
Cancer cell proliferation in some organs often depends on conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate via pyruvate carboxylase (PC) for replenishing the tricarboxylic acid cycle to support biomass production. In this study, PC was identified as the cellular target of erianin using the photoaffinity labeling-click chemistry-based probe strategy. Erianin potently inhibited the enzymatic activity of PC, which mediated the anticancer effect of erianin in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Erianin modulated cancer-related gene expression and induced changes in metabolic intermediates. Moreover, erianin promotes mitochondrial oxidative stress and inhibits glycolysis, leading to insufficient energy required for cell proliferation. Analysis of 14 natural analogs of erianin showed that some compounds exhibited potent inhibitory effects on PC. These results suggest that PC is a cellular target of erianin and reveal the unrecognized function of PC in HCC tumorigenesis; erianin along with its analogs warrants further development as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HCC.
Sheng, Yuwen,Chen, Yuwen,Zeng, Zhongqiu,Wu, Wenbi,Wang, Jing,Ma, Yuling,Lin, Yuan,Zhang, Jichao,Huang, Yulan,Li, Wenhua,Zhu, Qiyu,Wei, Xiao,Li, Suiyan,Wisanwattana, Wisanee,Li, Fu,Liu, Wanli,Suksamrarn, Apichart,Zhang, Guolin,Jiao, Wei,Wang, Fei
p. 460 - 484
(2022/01/03)

Synthesis method of selenium-containing isochroman compound
The invention discloses a synthesis method of a selenium-containing isochroman compound. The synthesis method comprises the following steps: under the protection of nitrogen, adding N-phenylseleno saccharin (NPSSac) into a reactor, then adding dichloromethane to completely dissolve the N-phenylseleno saccharin, adding a 1-[(cinnamoxy) methyl]-3, 4, 5-trimethoxy benzene compound and boron trifluoride diethyl etherate after the N-phenylseleno saccharin is completely dissolved, stirring at 20-60 DEG C for 2-6 hours until the reaction is complete, and after the reaction is finished, quenching, extracting, combining organic phases, drying, concentrating, separating and purifying to obtain the selenium-containing isochroman compound. The synthesis method disclosed by the invention is relatively easy to operate, mild in reaction condition, relatively high in yield, environment-friendly and suitable for large-scale industrial production.
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(2021/05/29)

Synthesis method of 2-benzoxepin compound
The invention discloses a synthesis method of a 2-benzoxepin compound. The method comprises the following specific steps: under the protection of nitrogen, adding N-phenylseleno-phthalimide into a reactor, then adding anhydrous dichloromethane to dissolve the N-phenylseleno-phthalimide, then adding a 1-[(cinnamyl) methyl]-3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzene compound, taking zinc chloride as a catalyst, reacting at room temperature, adding saturated sodium bicarbonate for quenching after the reaction is finished, extracting by dichloromethane, combining organic phases, drying by anhydrous magnesium sulfate, concentrating under reduced pressure, and performing silica gel rapid chromatographic purification by thin-layer chromatography silica gel to obtain the 2-benzoxepin compound. The method is simple in reaction operation, mild in reaction condition, relatively high in yield, environment-friendly and suitable for large-scale industrialized production.
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(2021/05/29)

Synthesis method of isochroman compound
The invention discloses a synthesis method of an isochroman compound, which comprises the following steps of adding dichloromethane and phosphorus tribromide into 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy benzyl alcohol, and reacting to obtain 1-bromomethyl-3, 4, 5-trimethoxy benzene, adding tetrahydrofuran, cinnamyl alcohol, sodium hydride and 1-bromomethyl-3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzene into a reactor, and reacting to obtain 1-[(cinnamyl oxy)methyl]-3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzene, adding cyanuric acid into a reactor containing a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution to react, dropwise adding a silver nitrate aqueous solution, and reacting to obtain silver isocyanurate, adding silver isocyanurate, phenyl selenium bromide and anhydrous dichloromethane into a reactor, and reacting to obtain N, N, N-triphenyl seleno isocyanurate, reacting N, N, N-triphenyl seleno isocyanurate, dichloromethane, boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and a 1-[(cinnamyl oxy)methyl]-3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzene compound to obtain a target product. The method is simple in reaction operation, mild in reaction condition, relatively high in yield and environment-friendly.
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(2021/05/15)

Pd-catalyzed sp-sp3cross-coupling of benzyl bromides using lithium acetylides
Organolithium-based cross-coupling reactions have emerged as an indispensable method to construct C-C bonds. These transformations have proven particularly useful for the direct and fast coupling of various organolithium reagents (sp, sp2, and sp3) with aromatic (pseudo) halides (sp2). Here we present an efficient method for the cross-coupling of benzyl bromides (sp3) with lithium acetylides (sp). The reaction proceeds within 10 min at room temperature and can be performed in the presence of organolithium-sensitive functional groups such as esters, nitriles, amides and boronic esters. The potential application of the methodology is demonstrated in the preparation of key intermediates used in pharmaceuticals, chemical biology and natural products.
Buter, Jeffrey,Doze, Anna M.,Feringa, Ben L.,Mondal, Anirban,Visser, Paco
supporting information
p. 7529 - 7532
(2021/08/05)

Coumarins by Direct Annulation: β-Borylacrylates as Ambiphilic C3-Synthons
Modular β-borylacrylates have been validated as programmable, ambiphilic C3-synthons in the cascade annulation of 2-halo-phenol derivatives to generate structurally and electronically diverse coumarins. Key to this [3+3] disconnection is the BPin unit which serves a dual purpose as both a traceless linker for C(sp2)–C(sp2) coupling, and as a chromophore extension to enable inversion of the alkene geometry via selective energy transfer catalysis. Mild isomerisation is a pre-condition to access 3-substituted coumarins and provides a handle for divergence. The method is showcased in the synthesis of representative natural products that contain this venerable chemotype. Facile entry into π-expanded estrone derivatives modified at the A-ring is disclosed to demonstrate the potential of the method in bioassay development or in drug repurposing.
Wienhold, Max,Molloy, John J.,Daniliuc, Constantin G.,Gilmour, Ryan
supporting information
p. 685 - 689
(2020/11/30)

Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Studies of Stilbene Long-Chain Fatty Acid Conjugates
A series of 16 conjugates of the tubulin polymerization inhibitor combretastatin A4 (CA-4) and other functionally related stilbene with four 18-carbon fatty acids, namely, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, have been synthesized in good yields. These new derivatives have been evaluated against the KB-3-1 (human epidermoid carcinoma), NCI-H460 (human lung cancer), HEK293 (human embryonic kidney), and MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines for antiproliferative activity, with the exhibited cytotoxic activities comparable with those of CA-4 and colchicine. Compounds 22 and 23, CA-4 conjugates of linoleic and linolenic acids, respectively, were determined to have exhibited the most active in vitro assays, with compound 23 exhibiting very similar activity to the parent compound against the NCI-H460 cell line. Our studies further delineated the structurally required Z-geometry of the stilbene moiety and that conjugation of the less active E-stilbenes with the most active fatty acid had minimal or no improvement in their respective activities.
Brown, David P.,Chen, Zhe-Sheng,Narayanan, Silpa,Wong, Thomas
(2020/04/20)

Bioreductively Activatable Prodrug Conjugates of Combretastatin A-1 and Combretastatin A-4 as Anticancer Agents Targeted toward Tumor-Associated Hypoxia
The natural products combretastatin A-1 (CA1) and combretastatin A-4 (CA4) function as potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and as selective vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) in tumors. Bioreductively activatable prodrug conjugates (BAPCs) can enha
Chaplin, David J.,Davis, Peter,Devkota, Laxman,Gerberich, Jeni L.,Hamel, Ernest,Kuch, Bunnarack,Macdonough, Matthew T.,Mason, Ralph P.,Mondal, Deboprosad,Pinney, Kevin G.,Ramirez, Alejandro J.,Shi, Zhe,Strecker, Tracy E.,Trawick, Mary Lynn,Wang, Yifan,Winn, Blake A.
(2020/03/30)

Microtubule inhibitors containing immunostimulatory agents promote cancer immunochemotherapy by inhibiting tubulin polymerization and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase
A combination therapeutic regimen via introducing tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitors into microtubule inhibitors was performed and evaluated for their antitumor activity. Thereinto, HT2, composed of combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) inhibitor by a linker, displayed the most potent activity with 10-fold higher than its parent CA-4 against HepG2, A549 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. Mechanism studies suggested that HT2 inhibited tubulin polymerization and cell migration, caused G2 phase arrest, induced apoptosis by mitochondrial mediated apoptotic pathway, concurrent depolarized the mitochondria membrane potentials and caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HepG2 cells. Moreover, HT2 could enhance T-cell immune responses in vitro by releasing a TDO inhibitor to suppress TDO expression and blockade kynurenine production. As expected, HT2 could remarkably promote the antitumor activity of CA-4 in either immunocompetent H22 or immunodeficient A549 tumor xenograft models without observable toxic effects. More importantly, HT2 increased the level of splenic and tumor-infiltrated T cells and in turn effectively boosted the inhibition effect in H22 xenografted tumor growth. Collectively, this immunochemotherapeutic strategy can be applied to promote chemotherapeutic effect.
Hua, Shixian,Chen, Feihong,Gou, Shaohua
supporting information

(2019/12/11)

Dual-functional conjugates improving cancer immunochemotherapy by inhibiting tubulin polymerization and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase
A series of novel conjugates comprising tublin and IDO inhibitors were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity. Among them, HI5, composed of combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) and (D)-1-methyltryptophan (D-MT) by a linker, exhibited the most potent antitumor activity, in particular with higher IC50 value (0.07 μM) than CA-4 (0.21 μM) against HeLa cancer cell line. Mechanism studies indicated that HI5 can inhibit tubulin polymerization and cell migration, cause G2/M phase arrest, concurrent induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial dependent apoptosis pathway and cause reactive oxidative stress generation in HeLa cells. Furthermore, HI5 can inhibit IDO expression and decrease kynurenine production, leading to stimulating T cells activation and proliferation to enhance antitumor immunity in vitro. Interestingly, HI5 can effectively limit the tumor growth in the HeLa xenograft mice models without causing significant loss of body weight. Consequently, such a conjugation can be a potent and safe immunochemotherapeutic method for improving cancer therapy.
Chen, Feihong,Gou, Shaohua,Hua, Shixian,Wang, Xinyi
supporting information

(2020/01/21)

Combretastatin A4 analogue containing cyanoethylene joining chain and application in preparing antitumor drugs
The invention a Combretastatin A4 analogue containing a cyanoethylene joining chain and an application in preparing antitumor drugs, which relates to the field of a medicinal compound. A structural formula (I-IV) is shown as the specification, an anticancer candidate compound which has strong inhibitory activity against cancer cells and is not toxic to normal cells is currently lacked, for the reason, the method prepares 19 I-IV series compounds, and the para and meta positions of the B ring (benzene ring) introduce various alkyl groups, alkoxy groups or amino substituents or replace the B ring (benzene ring) with various heterocyclic rings. In the I-series compound, when the para position of the B ring (benzene ring) is substituted with an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a dimethylaminogroup or a diethylamino group, the proliferation resistance of the cancer cells is very strong, and toxicity is weak for the L-02 normal cells, a selective anticancer activity coefficient (an IC50 value ratio of L-02 normal cells to cancer cells) can even exceed 10,000, and the four compounds have the potential to be developed into safe and highly effective anticancer drugs.
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(2019/03/15)

Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking of Combretastatin and Colchicine Derivatives and their hCE1-Activated Prodrugs as Antiviral Agents
Recent studies indicate that tubulin can be a host factor for vector-borne flaviviruses like dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV), and inhibitors of tubulin polymerization such as colchicine have been demonstrated to decrease virus replication. However, toxicity limits the application of these compounds. Herein we report prodrugs based on combretastatin and colchicine derivatives that contain an ester cleavage site for human carboxylesterase, a highly abundant enzyme in monocytes and hepatocytes targeted by DENV. Relative to their parent compounds, the cytotoxicity of these prodrugs was reduced by several orders of magnitude. All synthesized prodrugs containing a leucine ester were hydrolyzed by the esterase in vitro. In contrast to previous reports, the phenylglycine esters were not cleaved by human carboxylesterase. The antiviral activity of combretastatin, colchicine, and selected prodrugs against DENV and ZIKV in cell culture was observed at low micromolar and sub-micromolar concentrations. In addition, docking studies were performed to understand the binding mode of the studied compounds to tubulin.
Richter, Michael,Boldescu, Veaceslav,Graf, Dominik,Streicher, Felix,Dimoglo, Anatoli,Bartenschlager, Ralf,Klein, Christian D.
p. 469 - 483
(2019/02/01)

Prodrug Activation by a Viral Protease: Evaluating Combretastatin Peptide Hybrids to Selectively Target Infected Cells
Infections with flaviviruses such as dengue virus (DENV) are prevalent throughout tropical regions worldwide. Replication of these viruses depends on tubulin, a host cell factor that can be targeted to obtain broad-spectrum antiviral agents. Targeting of tubulin does, however, require specific measures to avoid toxic side-effects. Herein, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of combretastatin peptide hybrids that incorporate the cleavage site of the DENV protease to allow activation of the tubulin ligand within infected cells. The prodrug candidates have no effect on tubulin polymerization in vitro and are 20-2000-fold less toxic than combretastatin A-4. Several of the prodrug candidates were cleaved by the DENV protease in vitro with similar efficiency as the natural viral substrates. Selected compounds were studied in DENV and Zika virus replication assays and had antiviral activity at subcytotoxic concentrations.
Richter, Michael,Leuthold, Mila M.,Graf, Dominik,Bartenschlager, Ralf,Klein, Christian D.
p. 1115 - 1121
(2019/08/20)

Photochemical benzylic bromination in continuous flow using BrCCl3 and its application to telescoped p-methoxybenzyl protection
BrCCl3 represents a rarely used benzylic brominating reagent with complementary reactivity to other reagents. Its reactivity has been revisited in continuous flow, revealing compatibility with electron-rich aromatic substrates. This has brought about the development of a p-methoxybenzyl bromide generator for PMB protection, which was successfully demonstrated on a pharmaceutically relevant intermediate on 11 g scale, giving 91% yield and a PMB-Br space-time-yield of 1.27 kg L?1 h?1
Otake, Yuma,Williams, Jason D.,Rincón, Juan A.,De Frutos, Oscar,Mateos, Carlos,Kappe, C. Oliver
supporting information
p. 1384 - 1388
(2019/02/14)

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-benzyl-N-(2-(phenylamino)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamides as antimitotic agents
A library of 1-benzyl-N-(2-(phenylamino)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamides (7a–al) have been designed, synthesized and screened for their anti-proliferative activity against some selected human cancer cell lines namely DU-145, A-549, MCF-7 and HeLa. Most of them have shown promising cytotoxicity against lung cancer cell line (A549), amongst them 7f was found to be the most potent anti-proliferative congener. Furthermore, 7f exhibited comparable tubulin polymerization inhibition (IC50 value 2.04 μM) to the standard E7010 (IC50 value 2.15 μM). Moreover, flow cytometric analysis revealed that this compound induced apoptosis via cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in A549 cells. Induction of apoptosis was further observed by examining the mitochondrial membrane potential and was also confirmed by Hoechst staining as well as Annexin V-FITC assays. Furthermore, molecular docking studies indicated that compound 7f binds to the colchicine binding site of the β-tubulin. Thus, 7f exhibits anti-proliferative properties by inhibiting the tubulin polymerization through the binding at the colchicine active site and by induction of apoptosis.
Prasad, Budaganaboyina,Lakshma Nayak,Srikanth,Baig, Mirza Feroz,Subba Reddy,Babu, Korrapati Suresh,Kamal, Ahmed
p. 535 - 548
(2018/11/26)

Discovery of indoline derivatives that inhibit esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth by Noxa mediated apoptosis
A series of novel indoline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activity against four selected cancer cell lines (Hela, A549, HepG2 and KYSE30). Among them, compound 20 displayed the potent inhibition activity against esophagea
Fu, Dong-Jun,Li, Miaomiao,Zhang, Sai-Yang,Li, Jiang-Feng,Sha, Beibei,Wang, Longhao,Zhang, Yan-Bing,Chen, Ping,Hu, Tao
(2019/08/27)

Preparation and uses of combretastatin A4 analogs containing cyano and halogen
The present invention provides preparation and uses of combretastatin A4 analogs containing cyano and halogen, and relates to the field of medicinal compounds, wherein the structure of the combretastatin A4 analog is represented by the following formula defined in the specification. In the prior art, the selective anticancer activity compounds with characteristics of strong inhibition activity oncancer cells and no toxicity to normal cells are necessary to the generation of novel anticancer drugs while the compounds are absent. According to the present invention, based on the requirements inthe prior art, 11 series I combretastatin A4 analogs with fluorine, chlorine, bromine or trifluoromethyl at the ortho position, meta position or para position of the B ring, and 7 series II analogs are synthesized; in the series I compounds, when the para position of the B ring is substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine or trifluoromethyl, the good selective anticancer activity can be achieved,and the toxicity to L-02 normal cells is weak; when the para position is substituted by fluorine, chlorine or bromine, a ratio of the IC50 value in AGS cancer cells to the IC50 value in L-02 normal cells is greater than 100; when the para position is substituted by trifluoromethyl, a ratio of the IC50 value in MGC-803 cancer cells to the IC50 value in L-02 normal cells is greater than 100; and the selective anticancer activity of the four compounds is good.
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(2018/09/29)

Synthesis and characterisation of (Z)-styrylbenzene derivatives as potential selective anticancer agents
To identify anticancer agents with high potency and low toxicity, a series of (Z)-styrylbenzene derivatives were synthesised and evaluated for anticancer activities using a panel of nine cancer cell lines and two noncancerous cell lines. Most derivatives exhibited significant anti-proliferative activities against five cancer cell lines, including MGC-803 and BEL-7402. (Z)-3-(p-Tolyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile (6h) showed a strong inhibitory effect on MGC-803 cells (IC50 50 50 value of 6h in L-02 cells was 10,000-fold higher than in MGC-803 cells. Compound 6h inhibited proliferation of BEL-7402 cells by arresting at the G2/M phase through up-regulation of cyclin B1 expression, down-regulation of cyclin A and D1 expression, and induction of apoptosis. In addition, 6h inhibited the migration of BEL-7402 cells and the formation of cell colonies.
Xin, Ya-Bing,Li, Jia-Jun,Zhang, Hong-Jian,Ma, Jun,Liu, Xin,Gong, Guo-Hua,Tian, Yu-Shun
p. 1554 - 1564
(2018/10/02)

TYD1608 with selective anti-cancer activity as well as preparation and application thereof
The invention provides cyan-containing TYD1608, i.e., (Z)-3-(p-methyl phenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) acrylonitrile as well as preparation and application thereof, and relates to the field of medicinal compounds with the structure shown in the description. Various anti-cancer medicine in the prior art have the killing capability on cancer cells and also have great toxicity on normal cells; thetreatment of cancer patients is seriously influenced, so that the invention of the medicine with the selective anti-cancer activity on the normal cells is very important. The TYD1608 is synthesized; the compound shows strong proliferation inhibition capability on six kinds of human face cancer cells; in addition, the toxicity on the L-02 normal human liver cells is weak. The IC50 value on the MGC-803 gastric cancer cells is smaller than 0.01 mu M, is better than the clinic common use anti-cancer medicine of taxol; good selective anti-cancer activity is realized. Mechanism study shows that theproliferation inhibition activity of the TYD1608 on BEL-7402 cancer cells is the result of inhibiting the G2/M period in the cell period, inducting early stage and later stage apoptosis, blocking cellmigration, inhibiting cell period relevant protein cyclin A1 and cyclin D1.
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(2018/11/22)

Pt(IV) prodrugs containing microtubule inhibitors displayed potent antitumor activity and ability to overcome cisplatin resistance
It is well-known that cisplatin exhibited a broad spectrum of anticancer activities against many solid tumors, but its severe toxicity and drug resistance have largely limited wider clinical applications. Various strategies have been tried to discover new Pt (II) drugs with at least equal activity as well as low toxicity compared to cisplatin, but the inherent problem remains unsolved. Here we report that Pt (IV) complexes comprising a CA-4 analogue, as dual-targeting Pt (IV) prodrug, were synthesized and evaluated for anti-proliferative activity using MTT assay. Among them, complex 19 displayed most potent activity against the tested cancer cell lines, and simultaneously exhibited better cell selectivity between cancer cells and normal cells than that of cisplatin. Mechanism studies revealed that complex 19 effectively induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and dramatically disrupted the microtubule organization. Moreover, complex 19 significantly induced cell apoptosis and decreased MMP. Importantly, complex 19 significantly inhibited tumor growth in SK-OV-3 xenograft model in vivo without apparent toxicity.
Li, Lingxue,Huang, Xiaochao,Huang, Rizhen,Gou, Shaohua,Wang, Zhimei,Wang, Hengshan
p. 666 - 679
(2018/07/29)

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 2,3-diphenyl acrylonitriles-bearing halogen as selective anticancer agents
Eighteen novel 2,3-diphenyl acrylonitrile derivatives bearing halogens were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for biological activity. Preliminary in vitro results indicated that the majority of the compounds with a para-substituted halogen had considerable antiproliferative activity against five human cancer cell lines, including MGC-803, AGS, and BEL-7402, with IC50 values in the range of 0.46–100?μm. No significant toxic effects on the non-cancerous human liver cell line L-02 were observed. The selective inhibitory activities against cancer cells were significantly better than that of the control lead compound CA-4 and CA-4P. Particularly, potent activities were found for the derivatives of 3-(4-halogen phenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile, such as 5c (4-fluoro), 5f (4-bromo), 5h (4-chloro), and 5k (4-trifluoro- methyl), for AGS with IC50 values of 0.75?±?0.24, 0.68?±?0.21, 0.41?±?0.05, and 1.49?±?0.92?μm, respectively. The antiproliferative effects of 5f were attributed to cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, induction of cellular apoptosis, suppression of cell migration, and inhibition of cell colony formation in AGS cells.
Li, Jia-Jun,Ma, Jun,Xin, Ya-Bing,Quan, Zhe-Shan,Tian, Yu-Shun
p. 1419 - 1428
(2018/06/06)

Tubulin-binding dibenz[c,e]oxepines: Part 2.1Structural variation and biological evaluation as tumour vasculature disrupting agents
5,7-Dihydro-3,9,10,11-tetramethoxybenz[c,e]oxepin-4-ol 1, prepared from a dibenzyl ether precursor via Pd-catalysed intramolecular direct arylation, possesses broad-spectrum in vitro cytotoxicity towards various tumour cell lines, and induces vascular shu
Rossington, Steven B.,Hadfield, John A.,Shnyder, Steven D.,Wallace, Timothy W.,Williams, Kaye J.
p. 1630 - 1642
(2017/02/26)

Light-Induced Alkylation of (Hetero)aromatic Nitriles in a Transition-Metal-Free C-C-Bond Metathesis
A light-induced C-C-σ-bond metathesis was achieved through transition-metal-free activation of an unstrained C(sp3)-C(sp3)-σ-bond in 1-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines. A photoredox-mediated single-electron oxidation of these precursor amines yield radical cations which undergo a homolytic cleavage of a C(sp3)-C(sp3)-σ-bond rather than the well-known α-C-H-scission. The resulting carbon-centered radicals are used in the ipso-substitution of (hetero)aromatic nitriles proceeding through another single-electron transfer-mediated C-C-bond cleavage and formation.
Lipp, Benjamin,Lipp, Alexander,Detert, Heiner,Opatz, Till
supporting information
p. 2054 - 2057
(2017/04/27)

Design and synthesis of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole linked triazole conjugates: Microtubule-destabilizing agents
A series of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole linked triazole conjugates were synthesized by using Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cyclo-addition reaction (click chemistry approach) and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against some human cancer cell lines like, HeLa (cervical), DU-145 (prostate), A549 (lung), MCF-7 (breast) and HepG2 (liver). Among them, Conjugates 4g and 4h demonstrated a significant antiproliferative effect against human lung cancer cells (A549) with IC50values of 0.92 and 0.78 μM respectively. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that these conjugates induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase in A549 lung cancer cells. The tubulin polymerization assay and immunofluorescence analysis showed that these conjugates effectively inhibit microtubule assembly in cell free and cell based (A549) experiment respectively. Moreover, the apoptosis inducing properties were evaluated by Hoechst staining, mitochondrial membrane potential and Annexin V-FITC assay. Further, western blot analysis was performed for proapoptotic protein Bax and antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the results demonstrated that there was up regulation of Bax and down regulation of Bcl-2 suggesting that these compounds induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells, A549.
Shaik, Siddiq Pasha,Nayak, V. Lakshma,Sultana, Faria,Rao, A.V. Subba,Shaik, Anver Basha,Babu, Korrapati Suresh,Kamal, Ahmed
p. 36 - 51
(2016/10/25)

Design and synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolo linked benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole conjugates as tubulin polymerization inhibitors
1,2,3-Triazolo linked benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole conjugates (5a–v) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic potency against some human cancer cell lines like DU-145 (prostate), HeLa (cervical), MCF-7 (breast) HepG2 (liver) and A549 (lung). Preliminary results revealed that some of these conjugates like 5f and 5k exhibited significant antiproliferative effect against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) with IC50 values of 0.60 and 0.78?μM respectively. Flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle demonstrated an increase in the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase which was further authenticated by elevation of cyclin B1 protein levels. Immunocytochemistry revealed loss of intact microtubule structure in cells treated with 5f and 5k, and western blot analysis revealed that these conjugates accumulated more tubulin in the soluble fraction. Moreover, the conjugates caused apoptosis of the cells that was confirmed by mitochondrial membrane potential and Annexin V-FITC assay. Molecular docking studies indicated that these conjugates occupy the colchicine binding site of the tubulin protein.
Shaik, Siddiq Pasha,Vishnuvardhan,Sultana, Faria,Subba Rao,Bagul, Chandrakant,Bhattacharjee, Debanjan,Kapure, Jeevak Sopanrao,Jain, Nishant,Kamal, Ahmed
p. 3285 - 3297
(2017/05/29)

Catalytic asymmetric bromocyclization of polyenes
The first catalytic asymmetric bromonium ion-induced polyene cyclization has been achieved by using a chiral BINOL-derived thiophosphoramide catalyst and 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin as an electrophilic bromine source. Bromocyclization products are o
Samanta, Ramesh C.,Yamamoto, Hisashi
supporting information
p. 1460 - 1463
(2017/02/10)

Neuroprotective and Antineuroinflammatory Effects of Hydroxyl-Functionalized Stilbenes and 2-Arylbenzo[b]furans
The drugs currently used to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are limited in the benefits they confer, and no medication has been clearly proven to cure or delay the progression of AD. Most candidate AD drugs are meant to reduce the production, aggregation,
Chen, Pei-Chun,Tsai, Wei-Jern,Ueng, Yune-Fang,Tzeng, Tsai-Teng,Chen, Hsiang-Ling,Zhu, Pei-Ru,Huang, Chia-Hsiang,Shiao, Young-Ji,Li, Wen-Tai
p. 4062 - 4073
(2017/05/19)

Design, synthesis and antiproliferative activity of the new conjugates of E7010 and resveratrol as tubulin polymerization inhibitors
A new class of (E)-N-phenyl-3-styrylpyridin-2-amine conjugates were designed and synthesized on the basis of E7010 and resveratrol scaffolds. These conjugates were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity in four human cancer cell lines with GI50 values ranging from 2.1 μM to 20 μM. Two of the conjugates RSV-1 and RSV-11 were found to possess 13-fold higher GI50 values than resveratrol and 1 to 2 fold higher GI50 values than E7010 against the human cervical HepG2 cancer line. They displayed high potency and selectivity in a panel of NCI 60 human cancer cell lines. Based on the GI50 values against the panel of 60 NCI cancer cell lines and dock scores from the molecular modelling studies, we selected RSV-1 and RSV-11 for tubulin polymerization and mechanistic studies. Furthermore, RSV-1 and RSV-11 compounds inhibited the assembly of tubulin by strongly binding to the colchicine-binding site. The G2/M-phase is arrested in HepG2 cells as assessed by flow cytometry. Structure based studies, western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments demonstrated that RSV-1 and RSV-11 depolymerize microtubules in the HepG2 cell line, resulting in an accumulation of G2/M cells.
Kamal, Ahmed,Ashraf,Basha, Shaik Thokhir,Ali Hussaini,Singh, Shamshair,Vishnuvardhan,Kiran, Boppana,Sridhar, Balasubramanian
p. 1382 - 1394
(2016/02/03)

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,2,3-triazole tethered Pyrazoline and Chalcone Derivatives
A series of pyrazoline derivatives and corresponding chalcone intermediates with substituents same as combretastatin-A4(CA-4) conjugated with triazole nucleus has been synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer potential. Sulphorhodamine B(SRB) assay indicated compound 12c to be the most active compound from the series with GI50 value of 6.7 μm against the human liver carcinoma cell line HepG2. Interestingly, the intermediate 11c exhibited more promising cytotoxicity demonstrating GI50 value of 1.3 μm against the prostate cancer cell line DU145. Compounds 11c and 12c caused accumulation of cells in G2/M phase and inhibited tubulin polymerization. Furthermore, these compounds reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential and activate caspases 3 and 9, thereby indicating their ability to trigger apoptosis.
Hussaini, Syed Mohammed Ali,Yedla, Poornachandra,Babu, Korrapati Suresh,Shaik, Thokhir B.,Chityal, Ganesh Kumar,Kamal, Ahmed
p. 97 - 109
(2016/07/09)

Visible-Light-Induced Cyclization of Electron-Enriched Phenyl Benzyl Sulfides: Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans and Tetrahydropyrans
A new approach to the preparation of tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrans through a photoredox catalytic process is described. The introduction of a phenylsulfanyl auxiliary group permits the substrates to be readily oxidized to form cationic intermediates for sequential intramolecular cyclization. The method features mild reaction conditions and operational simplicity.
Li, Wei,Yang, Chao,Gao, Guo-Lin,Xia, Wujiong
supporting information
p. 1391 - 1396
(2016/06/01)

New inhibitors of tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I (Tdp 1) combining 7-hydroxycoumarin and monoterpenoid moieties
A number of derivatives of 7-hydroxycoumarins containing aromatic or monoterpene substituents at hydroxy-group were synthesized based on a hit compound from a virtual screen. The ability of these compounds to inhibit tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I (Tdp 1), important target for anti-cancer therapy, was studied for the first time. It was found that the 7-hydroxycoumarin derivatives with monoterpene pinene moiety are effective inhibitors of Tdp 1 with the most active derivative (+)-25c with IC50value of 0.675?μM. This compound has low cytotoxicity (CC50?>100?μM) when tested against human cancer cells which is crucial for presupposed application in combination with clinically established anticancer drugs. The ability of the new compounds to enhance the cytotoxicity of camptothecin, an established topoisomerase 1 poison, was demonstrated.
Khomenko, Tatyana,Zakharenko, Alexandra,Odarchenko, Tatyana,Arabshahi, Homayon John,Sannikova, Victoriya,Zakharova, Olga,Korchagina, Dina,Reynisson, Jóhannes,Volcho, Konstantin,Salakhutdinov, Nariman,Lavrik, Olga
p. 5573 - 5581
(2016/10/24)

Asymmetric glycolate alkylation approach towards total synthesis of 8-O.6′ and 8-O.4′-neolignans
The glycolate alkylation approach for the total synthesis of 8-O.6′ and 8-O.4′-neolignans has been optimized affording the natural products with high overall yields and excellent stereoselectivity. The developed approach can be further utilized towards the synthesis of many natural and unnatural neolignans. This is the first approach for the synthesis of neolignans using asymmetric glycolate alkylation approach.
Gangar, Mukesh,Chouhan, Mangilal,Goyal, Sandeep,Harikrishnan,Chandran,Ittuveetil, Avinash,Nair, Vipin A.
p. 5931 - 5934
(2016/12/09)

Combretastatin A-4 Analogue: A Dual-Targeting and Tubulin Inhibitor Containing Antitumor Pt(IV) Moiety with a Unique Mode of Action
Three new Pt(IV) complexes comprising a combretastatin A-4 analogue were designed and synthesized. The resulting antitumor Pt(IV) complexes could significantly improve the antiproliferative activity and overcome the drug resistance of cisplatin in vitro. Interestingly, these novel compounds not only can carry the DNA binding Pt(II) warhead into the cancer cells but also have a small molecule fragment that can inhibit tubulin polymerization. Among them, complex 13, which was attached to an inhibitor of tubulin at one axial position of Pt(IV) octahedral coordination sphere, could effectively enter cancer cells, arrest the cell cycle in HepG-2 cancer cells at G2/M phases, and induce activation of caspases triggering apoptotic signaling via the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathways. Moreover, complex 13 has the ability to effectively inhibit the tumor growth in the HepG-2 xenograft model without causing significant loss of animal body weight in comparison with cisplatin.
Huang, Xiaochao,Huang, Rizhen,Gou, Shaohua,Wang, Zhimei,Liao, Zhixin,Wang, Hengshan
p. 2132 - 2148
(2016/09/28)

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of water-soluble amino acid prodrug conjugates derived from combretastatin, dihydronaphthalene, and benzosuberene-based parent vascular disrupting agents
Targeting tumor vasculature represents an intriguing therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer. In an effort to discover new vascular disrupting agents with improved water solubility and potentially greater bioavailability, various amino acid prodru
Devkota, Laxman,Lin, Chen-Ming,Strecker, Tracy E.,Wang, Yifan,Tidmore, Justin K.,Chen, Zhi,Guddneppanavar, Rajsekhar,Jelinek, Christopher J.,Lopez, Ramona,Liu, Li,Hamel, Ernest,Mason, Ralph P.,Chaplin, David J.,Trawick, Mary Lynn,Pinney, Kevin G.
p. 938 - 956
(2016/02/19)

Synthesis, antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of 2-phenylindoles
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide after lung cancer with the vast majority of early stage breast cancers being hormone-dependent. One of the major therapeutic advances in the clinical treatment of breast cancer has been the introduction of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). We describe the design and synthesis of novel SERM type ligands based on the 2-arylindole scaffold to selectively target the estrogen receptor in hormone dependent breast cancers. Some of these novel compounds are designed as bisindole type structures, while others are conjugated to a cytotoxic agent based on combretastatin A4 (CA4) which is a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerisation. The indole compounds synthesised within this project such as 31 and 86 demonstrate estrogen receptor (ER) binding and strong antiproliferative activity in the ER positive MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with IC50values of 2.71?μM and 1.86?μM respectively. These active compounds induce apoptotic activity in MCF-7 cells with minimal effects on normal peripheral blood cells. Their strong anti-cancer effect is likely mediated by the presence of two ER binding ligands for 31 and an ER binding ligand combined with a cytotoxic agent for 86.
Kelly, Patrick M.,Bright, Sandra A.,Fayne, Darren,Pollock, Jade K.,Zisterer, Daniela M.,Williams, D. Clive,Meegan, Mary J.
p. 4075 - 4099
(2016/08/23)

Development of Tetrachlorophthalimides as Liver X Receptor β (LXRβ)-Selective Agonists
Liver X receptor (LXR) agonists are candidates for the treatment of atherosclerosis via induction of ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette A1) gene expression, which contributes to reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and to cholesterol efflux from the liver and intestine. However, LXR agonists also induce genes involved in lipogenesis, such as SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory binding element protein 1c) and FAS (fatty acid synthase), thereby causing an undesirable increase in plasma and hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels. Recent studies indicate that LXRα contributes to lipogenesis in liver, and selective LXRβ activation improves RCT in mice. Therefore, LXRβ-selective agonists are promising candidates to improve atherosclerosis without increasing plasma or hepatic TG levels. However, the ligand-binding domains in the two LXR isoforms α/β share high sequence identity, and few LXR ligands show subtype selectivity. In this study we identified a tetrachlorophthalimide analogue as an LXRβ-selective agonist. Structural development led to (E)-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2-(2-styrylphenyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (24 a), which shows potent and selective LXRβ agonistic activity in reporter gene assays. In binding assays, compound 24 a bound to LXRβ preferentially over LXRα. It also induced the expression of ABCA1 mRNA but not SREBP-1c mRNA in cells. Compound 24 a appears to be a promising lead compound for therapeutic agents to treat atherosclerosis without the side effects induced by LXRα/β dual agonists.
Nomura, Sayaka,Endo-Umeda, Kaori,Makishima, Makoto,Hashimoto, Yuichi,Ishikawa, Minoru
p. 2347 - 2360
(2016/10/25)

TUBULIN BINDING AGENTS
The invention provides combretastatin A-4 like compounds that are modified to have enhanced tubulin binding activity and in some embodiments the ability to promote accumulation in the vasculature undergoing angiogenesis (homing activity). The compounds are based on the combretastatin A-4 skeletal structure having a tubulin-binding pharmacophore comprising two fused rings (A and B rings) in which the B ring is substituted with (a) an aromatic ring structure (C ring) and (b) a second substituent/functional group that comes off the B ring. The aromatic ring structure is typically a six membered ring phenolic or aniline structure, or may also be a fused ring structure such as a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene. The second substituent on the B ring may for example be a substituent which has been found to provide enhanced tubulin binding activity (for example a carbonyl group), or may be a substituent that facilitates functionalisation of the B ring (for example an hydroxyl or amine group), or it may be a binding agent for a target that is preferentially expressed on vasculature undergoing angiogenesis, and not expressed on quiescent vasculature.
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(2015/02/18)

Cytotoxic activities and metabolic studies of new combretastatin analogues
A new series of combretastatin analogues with B-ring modifications were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against one endothelial (HUVEC) and three tumor cell lines, e.g., the LoVo colon, the PC-3 prostate, and the U373 glioma cancer models. These new combretastatin analogues showed differential cytotoxic activities, cis derivatives 13 5-(2-Z-trimethoxyphenylethenyl)benzo[1,2-c]1,2,5-oxadiazole N 1-oxide and 14 5-(2-Z-trimethoxyphenylethenyl)benzo[1,2,5]thiadiazole exhibiting interesting cytotoxicity both on endothelial and on tumor cells. Unlike the cis benzofurazan 12 5-(2-Z-trimethoxyphenylethenyl)benzo[1,2-c]1,2,5-oxadiazole, induction of apoptosis by 13 appeared to be through caspase-3 activation. Metabolic investigations showed a positive correlation between highly metabolized compounds and cytotoxic activity, suggesting that highly cytotoxic derivatives may act as pro-drug via a reductive metabolization to more active metabolites.
Macé, Yohan,Bony, Emilie,Delvaux, David,Pinto, Adan,Mathieu, Véronique,Kiss, Robert,Feron, Olivier,Quetin-Leclercq, Jo?lle,Riant, Olivier
p. 3143 - 3156
(2015/08/03)

Aromatic Interactions in Organocatalyst Design: Augmenting Selectivity Reversal in Iminium Ion Activation
Substituting N-methylpyrrole for N-methyindole in secondary-amine-catalysed Friedel-Crafts reactions leads to a curious erosion of enantioselectivity. In extreme cases, this substrate dependence can lead to an inversion in the sense of enantioinduction. Indeed, these closely similar transformations require two structurally distinct catalysts to obtain comparable selectivities. Herein a focussed molecular editing study is disclosed to illuminate the structural features responsible for this disparity, and thus identify lead catalyst structures to further exploit this selectivity reversal. Key to effective catalyst re-engineering was delineating the non-covalent interactions that manifest themselves in conformation. Herein we disclose preliminary validation that intermolecular aromatic (CH-π and cation-π) interactions between the incipient iminium cation and the indole ring system is key to rationalising selectivity reversal. This is absent in the N-methylpyrrole alkylation, thus forming the basis of two competing enantio-induction pathways. A simple L-valine catalyst has been developed that significantly augments this interaction.
Holland, Mareike C.,Metternich, Jan Benedikt,Daniliuc, Constantin,Schweizer, W. Bernd,Gilmour, Ryan
supporting information
p. 10031 - 10038
(2015/07/07)

Correlation of antioxidant activities with theoretical studies for new hydrazone compounds bearing a 3,4,5-trimethoxy benzyl moiety
A new series of antioxidants, namely imines bearing the well-known free radical scavenger group 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyloxy, was designed and synthesized. Theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) were performed to understand the antioxidant activities. Experimental studies evaluating the antioxidant activities of the compounds using DPPH and FRAP assays verified the predictions obtained by DMOL3 based on DFT.1. The DPPH radical scavenging activities depended on the substitution pattern of the aromatic aldehyde, with both the substitution type and position showing significant effects. Compounds 7b, 7c and 7d, which contain a phenolic hydroxyl group at the para position to the imine as well as, additional electron donating groups at the ortho-position to this hydroxyl group, exhibited IC50 values of 62, 75 and 106 μg/mL, respectively, and potent antioxidant activities against DPPH, which were better than that of the reference compound BHT. With the exception of compounds 7a and 7h with a phenolic hydroxyl group at the ortho position, all of the investigated compounds exhibited ferric reducing activities above 1000 μM. Correlation analysis between the two antioxidant assays revealed moderate positive correlation (r = 0.59), indicating differing antioxidant activities based on the reaction mechanism. Therefore, imines bearing a 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyloxy group can be proposed as potential antioxidants for tackling oxidative stress.
Kareem, Huda S.,Ariffin, Azhar,Nordin, Nurdiana,Heidelberg, Thorsten,Abdul-Aziz, Azlina,Kong, Kin Weng,Yehye, Wageeh A.
supporting information
p. 497 - 505
(2015/10/05)

Styrylphenylphthalimides as Novel Transrepression-Selective Liver X Receptor (LXR) Modulators
Anti-inflammatory effects of liver X receptor (LXR) ligands are thought to be largely due to LXR-mediated transrepression, whereas side effects are caused by activation of LXR-responsive gene expression (transactivation). Therefore, selective LXR modulators that preferentially exhibit transrepression activity should exhibit anti-inflammatory properties with fewer side effects. Here, we synthesized a series of styrylphenylphthalimide analogues and evaluated their structure-activity relationships focusing on LXRs-transactivating-agonistic/antagonistic activities and transrepressional activity. Among the compounds examined, 17l showed potent LXR-transrepressional activity with high selectivity over transactivating activity and did not show characteristic side effects of LXR-transactivating agonists in cells. This representative compound, 17l, was confirmed to have LXR-dependent transrepressional activity and to bind directly to LXRβ. Compound 17l should be useful not only as a chemical tool for studying the biological functions of LXRs transrepression but also as a candidate for a safer agent to treat inflammatory diseases.
Nomura, Sayaka,Endo-Umeda, Kaori,Aoyama, Atsushi,Makishima, Makoto,Hashimoto, Yuichi,Ishikawa, Minoru
supporting information
p. 902 - 907
(2015/08/24)

Naturally occurring Batatasins and their derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitors
Batatasins are endogenous plant hormones found in yams and other related plant species. These plants are widely consumed as botanical dietary supplements in many parts of the world. This study investigated the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of Batatasin I, III, IV, V against α-glucosidase regarding their antidiabetic activities. The results revealed that Batatasin I, III, IV inhibited α-glucosidase in a reversible and noncompetitive manner, with IC50 values of 2.55, 1.89 and 2.52 mM respectively, while Batatasin V completely abolished its inhibitory activity even at the highest concentrations tested. Furthermore, a class of Batatasin-derived compounds with different substitution patterns was synthesized and subjected to the assay to clarify the structure-activity relationships, which suggested that the hydroxyl at the C-2′ position may play a significant role in improving the inhibitory activities. Their probable binding modes and the specificity of the binding sites were studied using molecule docking simulation. It was concluded that Batatasins, especially Batatasin III and IV, are promising α-glucosidase inhibitors, which therefore could be used as functional food to alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia and as potential candidates for the development of antidiabetic agents.
Hu, Wei-Ping,Cao, Guo-Dong,Zhu, Jin-Hua,Li, Jia-Zhong,Liu, Xiu-Hua
p. 82153 - 82158
(2015/10/12)

Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolo-triazole hybrids as cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing agents
A series of pyrazolo-triazole hybrids were designed and synthesized by combining the 1,3-diphenyl pyrazole and triazole scaffolds to obtain (1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methanones. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their anticancer activity against four tumor cell lines, viz. HT-29 (colon), PC-3 (prostate), A549 (lung), and U87MG (glioblastoma) cells. Most of the tested compounds showed moderate to potent cell growth inhibition on different cancer cells, in particular, the compounds 17, 23, and 29 exhibited promising cytotoxicity against these cell lines with the IC50 values in the range of 0.86-3.72 μM. In addition, the potential mechanism of cell growth inhibition and apoptotic induction by these compounds was investigated in U87MG cancer cells using cell-based assays, including wound healing assay, flow cytometry, Hoechst staining, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, Annexin V-FITC/propidium Iodide dual staining, Rhodamine 123 staining, and carboxy-DCFDA staining. The results indicate that the compounds induce apoptosis in U87MG cells via mitochondrial pathway through up-regulation of pro-apoptotic (Bax) and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) genes. Based on these studies, three compounds 17, 23 and 29 have been identified as promising new molecules that have the potential to be developed as leads.
Srinivasa Reddy,Kulhari, Hitesh,Ganga Reddy,Subba Rao,Bansal, Vipul,Kamal, Ahmed,Shukla, Ravi
p. 10136 - 10149
(2015/10/20)

Synthesis and bioactivity of resveratrol analogues
It has been reported that resveratrol enhanced SIRT1 expression and significantly mimicked calorie restriction by stimulating Sir2 which is the most homologic homologue of SIRT1 of mammalian. A series of novel resveratrol derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel SIRT1 activator candidates. These synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral (1H NMR) analysis and examined for their Sir2 activation against yeast parental strain-BY4743 at a concentration of 100 μM/L by Bioscreen C MBR machine. Several compounds showed a promising Sir2 activation activity compared with resveratrol. Meanwhile, the structure-activity relationships with Sirt2 activation activities were also discussed.
Ao, Junli,Chen, Yuanmou,Xu, Xiaoling,Zhang, Xu,Yu, Yue,Yu, Peng,Hua, Erbing
p. 2092 - 2098
(2014/06/09)

Synthesis of 2-alkoxy and 2-benzyloxy analogues of estradiol as anti-breast cancer agents through microtubule stabilization
2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2) is an investigational anticancer drug. In the present study, 2-alkoxyesters/acid and 2-benzyloxy analogues of estradiol have been synthesized as analogues of 2ME2. Three of the derivatives exhibited significant anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell lines. The best analogue of the series i.e. 24 showed stabilization of tubulin polymerisation process. It was substantiated by confocal microscopy and molecular docking studies where 24 occupied 'paclitaxel binding pocketg€ to stabilize the polymerisation process. Compound 24 significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50: 7 μM) and induced arrest of cell cycle and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. In acute oral toxicity, 24 was found to be non-toxic and well tolerated in Swiss albino mice up to 1000 mg/kg dose.
Sathish Kumar,Kumar, Amit,Singh, Jyotsna,Hasanain, Mohammad,Singh, Arjun,Fatima, Kaneez,Yadav, Dharmendra K.,Shukla, Vinay,Luqman, Suaib,Khan, Feroz,Chanda, Debabrata,Sarkar, Jayanta,Konwar, Rituraj,Dwivedi, Anila,Negi, Arvind S.
p. 740 - 751
(2015/02/19)

Design and Synthesis of Aminostilbene-Arylpropenones as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors
A series of aminostilbene - arylpropenones were designed and synthesized by Michael addition and were investigated for their cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines. Some of the investigated compounds exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against a panel of 60 human cancer cell lines of the US National Cancer Institute, with 50% growth inhibition (GI50) values in the range from 50 value of 50) values ranging from 0.011 to 8.56μM. A cell cycle assay revealed that these compounds arrested the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Two compounds exhibited strong inhibitory effects on tubulin assembly with IC50 values of 0.71 and 0.79μM. Moreover, dot-blot analysis of cyclinB1 demonstrated that some of the congeners strongly induced cyclinB1 protein levels. Molecular docking studies indicated that these compounds occupy the colchicine binding site of tubulin.
Kamal, Ahmed,Kumar, G. Bharath,Polepalli, Sowjanya,Shaik, Anver Basha,Reddy, Vangala Santhosh,Reddy, M. Kashi,Reddy, Ch. Ratna,Mahesh, Rasala,Kapure, Jeevak Sopanrao,Jain, Nishant
p. 2565 - 2579
(2015/08/24)

Catalytic wittig reactions of semi- and nonstabilized ylides enabled by ylide tuning
The first examples of catalytic Wittig reactions with semistabilized and nonstabilized ylides are reported. These reactions were enabled by utilization of a masked base, sodium tert-butyl carbonate, and/or ylide tuning. The acidity of the ylide-forming proton was tuned by varying the electron density at the phosphorus center in the precatalyst, thus facilitating the use of relatively mild bases. Steric modification of the precatalyst structure resulted in significant enhancement of E selectivity up to >95:5, E/Z. Time for a tune up: Catalytic Wittig reactions with semi- and nonstabilized ylides were enabled by use of a masked base (NaOCO2tBu) and/or ylide tuning. The acidity of the ylide-forming proton was tuned by varying the electron density at the P center in the precatalyst, thus facilitating the use of relatively mild bases. Steric modification of the precatalyst structure resulted in significant enhancement of E selectivity.
Coyle, Emma E.,Doonan, Bryan J.,Holohan, Andrew J.,Walsh, Killian A.,Lavigne, Florie,Krenske, Elizabeth H.,O'Brien, Christopher J.
p. 12907 - 12911
(2016/02/18)