- Zirconocene-catalyzed direct (trans)esterification of acyl acids (esters) and alcohols in a strict 1:1 ratio under solvent-free conditions
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A highly efficient way for the direct (trans)esterification of acyl acids (esters) and alcohols in a strict 1:1 ratio using a zirconocene complex (1, 1 mol%), a strong Lewis acid of good water tolerance, as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions has been developed. A wide range of acid and alcohol (esters) substrates undergo (trans)esterification to produce carboxylic ester motifs in moderate to good or excellent yields with good functional tolerance, such as that towards C-Br as well as CC and CC bonds. And complex 1 can be recycled six times without showing a significant decline in catalytic efficiency. It was demonstrated that cyclandelate, which is used to treat high blood pressure as well as heart and blood-vessel diseases, can be directly synthesized on a gram scale with 81% yield (6.70 g) using complex 1.
- Tang, Zhi,Jiang, Qiutao,Peng, Lifen,Xu, Xinhua,Li, Jie,Qiu, Renhua,Au, Chak-Tong
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supporting information
p. 5396 - 5402
(2017/11/22)
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- Synthesis of biolubricants using sulfated zirconia catalysts
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Synthesis of biomass-derived lubricants via esterification, transesterification, and simultaneous reactions of both was studied by using sulfated zirconia catalysts. Soybean oil or free fatty acids derived from soybean oil were used as a biomass-derived resource for the synthesis of biolubricants. Long chain alcohols (carbon number ≥ 8) or neo-polyols (e.g., 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol) were used as co-reactants. The structure of the alcohol significantly affected the conversion and yield for the esterification with oleic acid. The esters produced showed kinematic viscosity and viscosity index comparable to commercial lubricants. Various sulfated zirconia catalysts were prepared and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller isotherm, and tested for esterification. The type of zirconium precursor demonstrated a significant effect on the physical property of the catalyst and its catalytic activity. Interestingly, esters with fully saturated hydrocarbon chains were synthesized from unsaturated free fatty acids regardless of the absence of hydrogen gas. The sulfated zirconia could be recycled for up to five repeated reactions without any degradation. The effects of reaction time and temperature were also investigated.
- Oh, Jinho,Yang, Sungeun,Kim, Chanyeon,Choi, Inchang,Kim, Jae Hyun,Lee, Hyunjoo
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p. 164 - 171
(2013/06/05)
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- Liquid-liquid biphasic synthesis of long chain wax esters using the Lewis acidic ionic liquid choline chloride·2ZnCl2
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The first liquid-liquid biphasic synthesis of wax esters in a Lewis acidic ionic liquid, choline chloride·2ZnCl2 by the esterification of long chain carboxylic acids with long chain alcohols is described. The reported reaction system has the advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis with high product yield and the ease of product as well as catalyst separation without the use of an organic solvent. The ionic liquid studied plays the dual role of solvent as well as catalyst and is recycled up to six times without any significant loss of activity.
- Sunitha, Sadula,Kanjilal, Sanjit,Reddy, P. Srinivasa,Prasad, Rachapudi B.N.
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p. 6962 - 6965
(2008/02/13)
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- PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTER AND ESTERIFICATION CATALYST
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A process for carboxylic acid ester production by which a carboxylic acid ester comprising an alcohol and a carboxylic acid each having 10 or more carbon atoms can be produced in a high yield. The catalyst used can be reused. The process generates a small amount of wastes and is less apt to pose an environmental problem. Also provided is an esterification catalyst usable in the process. In the esterification of a C10 or higher carboxylic acid and a C10 or higher alcohol, use is made, as a catalyst, of a hydrate of a salt of at least one metal selected among aluminum, gallium, indium, iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, zirconium, hafnium, and niobium.
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Page/Page column 7-8
(2008/06/13)
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- Efficient esterification of long chain aliphatic carboxylic acids with alcohols over ZrOCl2·8H2O catalyst
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Direct condensation of equimolar amounts of long chain carboxylic acids and alcohols could be achieved by using zirconyl chloride as an efficient catalyst. ZrOCl2·SH2O showed high activity for esterification between primary acids and alcohols; however, it was less active in the combination of branched acid and secondary alcohols to give the corresponding esters. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Mantri, Kshudiram,Komura, Kenichi,Sugi, Yoshihiro
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p. 1939 - 1944
(2007/10/03)
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- Esterification of long chain aliphatic acids with long chain alcohols catalyzed by multi-valent metal salts
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Some typical multi-valent metal salts, such as chloride, nitrate, sulfate, and acetate of Fe(III), Al(III), Ga(III), In(III), Zr(IV), Hf(IV), Zn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(III), Cr(III), and Cu(II) have catalytic acitivties for the esterification of saturated and unsaturated long chain aliphatic acids with long chain aliphatic alcohols. These catalysts were sponteneously separated from the reaction mixtures, and could be subjected to the recycle use for the further reactions. Copyright
- Mantri, Kshudiram,Nakamura, Ryo,Komura, Kenichi,Sugi, Yoshihiro
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p. 1502 - 1503
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and analysis of the C1-C18 alkyl oleates
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The C1-C18 alkyl oleates were prepared in n-hexane by esterification of oleic acid with either the primary and secondary C1-C6 alcohols or the primary fatty C8-C18 alcohols. The esterification was acid-catalyzed in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA) in a pseudo-homogeneous phase, or in the presence of the sulfonic macroporous resin (K2411) in the heterogeneous phase. The purified alkyl oleates were characterized by 13C-NMR. The oleic acid/alkyl oleate mixtures were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
- Vieville, Corinne,Mouloungui, Zephirin,Gaset, Antoine
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p. 101 - 108
(2007/10/02)
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- Lip treatment composition
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A lip-treatment composition for topical application to the lips comprising a base comprising oil, water and a structurant, and at least one active component active with regard to the lips, gums, teeth, throat, or oral mucosa.
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- Synthesis of Fatty Acid Ester by Corynebacterium sp. S-401
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Resting cells and acetone-dried cells of Corynebacterium sp.S-401 catalyzed the fatty acid ester synthesis of various alcohols and fatty acids.These reactions were carried out in phosphate buffer and/or organic solvents.In some cases synthetic reactions of esters in nonpolar solvents, such as n-hexane and benzene, gave better results compared with those obtained in phosphate buffer.
- Seo, Chull Won,Yamada, Yasuhiro,Okada, Hirosuke
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p. 405 - 410
(2007/10/02)
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