- Firmosides A and B: two new sucrose ferulates from the aerial parts of Silene firma and evaluation of radical scavenging activities
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Abstract: Two new tri-ferulates of sucrose, firmosides A and B (1 and 2, respectively), together with 18 known compounds (3–20), were isolated from the aerial parts of Silene firma. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by various spectroscopic methods, including 1D, 2D NMR, and high-resolution electro-spray ionization–mass spectrometry (HR-ESI–MS). All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their free radical scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. As a result, two new compounds (1, 2) and 11 demonstrated significant radical scavenging activity, implying the usefulness as antioxidant agents. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Uyen, Nguyen Hoang,Widyowati, Retno,Sulistyowaty, Melanny Ika,Sugimoto, Sachiko,Yamano, Yoshi,Kawakami, Susumu,Otsuka, Hideaki,Matsunami, Katsuyoshi
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- Chemoprotective properties of phenylpropenoids, bis(benzylidene)cycloalkanones, and related Michael reaction acceptors: Correlation of potencies as phase 2 enzyme inducers and radical scavengers
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Induction of phase 2 enzymes (e.g., glutathione transferases, NAD(P)H:quinone reductase, glucuronosyltransferases, epoxide hydrolase) is a major strategy for reducing the susceptibility of animal cells to neoplasia and other forms of electrophile toxicity. In a search for new chemoprotective enzyme inducers, a structure-activity analysis was carried out on two types of naturally occurring and synthetic substituted phenylpropenoids: (a) Ar- CH=CH-CO-R, where R is OH, OCH3, CH3, or Ar, including cinnamic, coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acid derivatives, their ketone analogues, and chalcones; and (b) bis(benzylidene)cycloalkanones, Ar-CH=C(CH2)(n)(CO)C=CH-Ar, where n = 5, 6, or 7. The potencies of these compounds in inducing NAD(P)H:quinone reductase activity in murine hepatoma cells paralleled their Michael reaction acceptor activity (Talalay, P.; De Long, M. J.; Prochaska, H. J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 1988, 8261-8265). Unexpectedly, the bis(benzylidene)cycloalkanones also powerfully quenched the lucigenin- derived chemiluminescence evoked by superoxide radicals. Introduction of o- hydroxyl groups on the aromatic rings of these phenylpropenoids dramatically enhanced their potencies not only as inducers for quinone reductase but also as quenchers of superoxide. These potentiating o-hydroxyl groups are hydrogen-bonded, as shown by moderate down field shift of their proton NMR resonances and their sensitivities to the solvent environment. The finding that the potencies of a series of bis(benzylidene)cycloalkanones in inducing quinone reductase appear to be correlated with their ability to quench superoxide radicals suggests that the regulation of phase 2 enzymes may involve both Michael reaction reactivity and radical quenching mechanisms.
- Dinkova-Kostova, Albena T.,Abeygunawardana, Chitrananda,Talalay, Paul
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- A convenient synthesis of (±)-3-methoxybenzodioxane-4,9,9'-triol neolignan, and methyl ethers of isoamericanol A and isoamericanin A
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The (±)-3-methoxybenzodioxane-4,9,9'-triol neolignan 9, and methyl ethers of isoamericanol A 8 and isoamericanin A 7 were synthesized from the readily available materials caffeic acid and ferulic acid, using a coupling reaction as a key step.
- She, Xuegong,Gu, Wenxin,Wu, Tongxing,Pan, Xinfu
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- Structure of Three Diacylated Anthocyanins Isolated from Red Cabbage, Brassica oleracea
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Three diacylated anthocyanins were isolated from Brassica oleracea and their structures determined to be 3-O-(6-O-acyl-2-O-(2-O-sinapyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-5-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)cyanidins, in wich the acyl groups were p-coumaryl, ferulyl, and sinapyl, respectively.
- Idaka, Eiichi,Yamakita, Hiroshi,Ogawa, Toshihiko,Kondo, Tadao,Yamamoto, Manabu,Goto, Toshio
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- IN VITRO PEROXIDASE-CATALYSED OXIDATION OF FERULIC ASID ESTERS
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Methyl ferulate, a model feruloyl ester, was reacted with H2O2 and peroxidase in order to simulate the possible fate of such esters in the primary cell wall.The major dimeric product was identified as a cyclic dimer with a β-5 linkage and an α-O-4-linkage.This compound, which exceeded the yield of 5,5'-dehydrodiferulic acid dimethyl ester, could arise by nucleophilic substitution of an intermediary β-5 quinone methide with the neighbouring phenolic hydroxyl group.Inclusion in the reaction mixture of high concentrations of sugars as alternative nucleophiles, such as would occur in the plant cell wall, resulted in very little or no bonding of aromatic material to the sugar.In contrast to these in vitro findings, 5,5'-dehydrodiferulate is the only oxidatively-coupled dimer of ferulate to have been reported in vivo, the apparent formation of ether bonds between ferulate oxidation products and cell wall polysaccharides has been reported.Mechanisms are proposed which may facilitate bonding of ferulate-derived quinone methides to carbohydrates in vivo. - Key words: methyl ferulate; peroxidase; oxidation; plant cell walls.
- Wallace, Graham,Fry, Stephen C.
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- Flavonoid glycosides from the leaves of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum and their anti-neuroinflammatory effects
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Eight new flavonoid glycosides, named allivictoside A-H (1-8), together with twelve known flavonoids (9-20) were isolated from the leaves of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum. The structures of 1-8 were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods,
- Woo, Kyeong Wan,Moon, Eunjung,Park, So Young,Kim, Sun Yeou,Lee, Kang Ro
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- Anti-inflammatory and antitumor phenylpropanoid sucrosides from the seeds of Raphanus sativus
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A bioassay-guided fractionation and chemical investigation of the MeOH extract of Raphanus sativus seeds resulted in the isolation and identification of eight phenylpropanoid sucrosides (1-8) including two new compounds, named raphasativuside A and B (1-2) from the most active CHCl3-soluble fraction. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated through spectral analysis, including extensive 2D-NMR data, and chemical reaction experiments. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of 1-8 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine microglia BV2 cells. Compounds 2 and 5 exhibited significant inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production in LPS-activated BV-2 cells with IC50 values of 21.63 and 26.96 μM, respectively. All isolates were also evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against four human tumor cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15). Compounds 1-7 showed consistent cytotoxicity against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15 cell lines with IC50 values of 6.71-27.92 μM. Additionally, the free-radical scavenging activity of 1-8 was assessed using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay where compounds 1, 3, and 4 scavenged DPPH radical strongly with IC50 values of 23.05, 27.10, and 29.63 μg/mL, respectively.
- Kim, Ki Hyun,Kim, Chung Sub,Park, Yong Joo,Moon, Eunjung,Choi, Sang Un,Lee, Jei Hyun,Kim, Sun Yeou,Lee, Kang Ro
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- A new approach for synthesis of erythro 8-0-4′ neolignans
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Erythro- 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2- (4-formyl-2-methoxy-phenoxy)-propane-1,3-diol, a 8-0-4′ norneolignan, has been stereoselectively synthesized in eight steps from ferulic acid. In this new route to prepare erythro 8-0-4′ neolignans the cis addition of mCPBA to a double bond with high regioselectivity was a key step, and its mechanism is discussed.
- Chen, XiaoChuan,Gu, WenXin,Jing, XiaoBi,Pan, XinFu
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- Photoinduced Regioselective Olefination of Arenes at Proximal and Distal Sites
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The Fujiwara-Moritani reaction has had a profound contribution in the emergence of contemporary C-H activation protocols. Despite the applicability of the traditional approach in different fields, the associated reactivity and regioselectivity issues had
- Ali, Wajid,Anjana, S. S.,Bhattacharya, Trisha,Chandrashekar, Hediyala B.,Goswami, Nupur,Guin, Srimanta,Maiti, Debabrata,Panda, Sanjib,Prakash, Gaurav,Saha, Argha,Sasmal, Sheuli,Sinha, Soumya Kumar
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supporting information
p. 1929 - 1940
(2022/02/01)
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- Prenylated trans-cinnamic esters and ethers against clinical fusarium spp.: Repositioning of natural compounds in antimicrobial discovery
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Onychomycosis is a common nail infection mainly caused by species belonging to the F. oxysporum, F. solani, and F. fujikuroi species complexes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of six representative strains of clinically relevant Fusarium spp. toward a set of natural-occurring hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives with the purpose to develop naturally occurring products in order to cope with emerging resistance phenomena. By introducing a prenylated chain at one of the hydroxy groups of trans-cinnamic acids 1–3, ten prenylated derivatives (coded 4–13) were preliminarily investigated in solid Fusarium minimal medium (FMM). Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and lethal dose 50 (LD50) values were then determined in liquid FMM for the most active selected antifungal p-coumaric acid 3,3′-dimethyl allyl ester 13, in comparison with the conventional fungicides terbinafine (TRB) and amphotericin B (AmB), through the quantification of the fungal growth. Significant growth inhibition was observed for prenylated derivatives 4–13, evidencing ester 13 as the most active. This compound presented MIC and LD50 values (62–250 μM and 7.8–125 μM, respectively) comparable to those determined for TRB and AmB in the majority of the tested pathogenic strains. The position and size of the prenylated chain and the presence of a free phenol OH group appear crucial for the antifungal activity. This work represents the first report on the activity of prenylated cinnamic esters and ethers against clinical Fusarium spp. and opens new avenues in the development of alternative antifungal compounds based on a drug repositioning strategy.
- Balmas, Virgilio,Carta, Paola,Casalini, Stefano,Chtioui, Wiem,Delogu, Giovanna,Dettori, Maria A.,Fabbri, Davide,Migheli, Quirico,Oufensou, Safa
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- Piperazine-containing ferulic acid derivative Preparation method and application thereof
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The invention discloses a piperazine-containing ferulic acid derivative and a preparation method and application thereof, belongs to the technical field of drug synthesis and agricultural disease prevention and control and is shown in the formula R as follows. 1 Is ethyl, allyl, isopropyl, propynyl, benzyl, o-methylbenzyl, m-methylbenzyl, o-fluorobenzyl. R2 Is ethylsulfonyl. 4 -methylbenzenesulfonyl, 4 -nitrosyl, 4 -trifluoromethylbenzenesulfonyl, 4 -fluorobenzoyl, 2-bromo 5 -trifluoromethylbenzenesulfonyl, 4 -methoxybenzyl, 4 -3 - 3 -trifluorobut 4 -yl, 2 -methoxy 4 -methoxyethyl, 5 -oxo 4 -2 - 2 - 2 - phenylethyl, and the like are described in more detail below in the scope 4 - of the present invention 3.4 4 -3 -1 - 2 -2 . The pharmaceutical molecules have strong activity, and the inhibitory activity on TMV and CMV is remarkable. The structure is derived from natural products and is environment-friendly. And degradation are easy, the preparation process is simple, safe and physicochemical properties are relatively stable.
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Paragraph 0062-0064
(2021/10/05)
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- Synthesis of 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrrolidines as meropenem adjuvants targeting New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase
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The effective strategies to neutralize the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1) activity offer unique opportunities to combination therapy because NDM-1 inactivates all classes of carbapenem antibiotics, which are widely regarded as the last resort of drugs for treating serious bacterial infections. Here we describe the efficient construction of a series of trans-1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrrolidines via boric acid-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of N-benzylazomethine ylide with methyl ferulate for the biological evaluation of their cytotoxicity and synergistic activity in combination with meropenem towards NDM-1 positive carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). The cell-based screens generated one promising hit, namely compound 10e, which exhibited low cytotoxicity (IC50 > 128 μM), moderate NDM-1 enzyme inhibition (IC50 = 51 μM), and potent synergistic activity against a panel of clinically isolated NDM-1 positive CRE with fractional inhibitory concentration indexes ranging from 0.01 to 0.25. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the zinc-chelating moiety of 2-(bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-amino)acetyl group of compound 10e plays a pivotal role for potent activity. Regarding the inhibition mechanism, a series of biochemical assays revealed that compound 10e may inactivate NDM-1 activity by displacing both zinc ions from the active site of the enzyme. Altogether, our studies indicate that compound 10e represents an important pyrrolidine-type scaffold targeting NDM-1, providing a promising starting point to be further developed as carbapenem antibiotic adjuvants. This journal is
- Jin, Wen Bin,Xu, Chen,Qi, Xiao Lin,Zeng, Ping,Gao, Wei,Lai, Ki Hon,Chiou, Jiachi,Chan, Edward W. C.,Leung, Yun-Chung,Chan, Tak Hang,Wong, Kwok-Yin,Chen, Sheng,Chan, Kin-Fai
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supporting information
p. 3515 - 3534
(2021/03/03)
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- Optimization of the reaction conditions for the synthesis of dihydrobenzofuran neolignans
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We have optimized the experimental conditions for the silver(I)-promoted oxidative coupling of methyl p-coumarate (I) and methyl ferulate (II), which is the most frequently used methodology to synthesize the bioactive dihydrobenzofuran neolignans 1 ((±)-trans-dehydrodicoumarate dimethyl ester) and 2 ((±)-trans-dehydrodiferulate dimethyl ester). Most of the tested conditions affected the conversion (i.e., the consumption of I and II) and the selectivity (i.e., the percentage of I and II that was converted into 1 and 2, respectively), so the optimized conditions were the ones that afforded the best balance between conversion and selectivity. Silver(I) oxide (0.5 equiv.) is the most efficient oxidant agent amongst the silver(I) reagents that were tested to convert methyl esters I and II into compounds 1 and 2, respectively. Acetonitrile, which has not yet been reported as a solvent for this reaction, provided the best balance between conversion and selectivity, besides being "greener" than other solvents that are more often employed (e.g., dichloromethane and benzene). Under the optimized conditions, the reaction time decreased from 20 to 4 h without significantly impacting the conversion and selectivity.
- Crotti, Ant?nio E. M.,Dias, Herbert J.,Rodrigues, Matheus L.
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- Carboxylic Acid Reductase Can Catalyze Ester Synthesis in Aqueous Environments
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Most of the well-known enzymes catalyzing esterification require the minimization of water or activated substrates for activity. This work reports a new reaction catalyzed by carboxylic acid reductase (CAR), an enzyme known to transform a broad spectrum of carboxylic acids into aldehydes, with the use of ATP, Mg2+, and NADPH as co-substrates. When NADPH was replaced by a nucleophilic alcohol, CAR from Mycobacterium marinum can catalyze esterification under aqueous conditions at room temperature. Addition of imidazole, especially at pH 10.0, significantly enhanced ester production. In comparison to other esterification enzymes such as acyltransferase and lipase, CAR gave higher esterification yields in direct esterification under aqueous conditions. The scalability of CAR catalyzed esterification was demonstrated for the synthesis of cinoxate, an active ingredient in sunscreen. The CAR esterification offers a new method for green esterification under high water content conditions.
- Pongpamorn, Pornkanok,Kiattisewee, Cholpisit,Kittipanukul, Narongyot,Jaroensuk, Juthamas,Trisrivirat, Duangthip,Maenpuen, Somchart,Chaiyen, Pimchai
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supporting information
p. 5749 - 5753
(2021/02/01)
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- Synthesis of Novel Antiviral Ferulic Acid-Eugenol and Isoeugenol Hybrids Using Various Link Reactions
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To develop novel antiviral agents, some novel conjugates between ferulic acid and eugenol or isoeugenol were designed and synthesized by the link reaction. The antiviral activities of compounds were evaluated using the half leaf dead spot method. Bioassay results showed acceptable antiviral activities of some conjugates against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Compounds A9, A10, E1, and E4 showed remarkable curative, protective, and inactivating effects on TMV and CMV at 500 μg mL-1. Notably, these compounds exhibited excellent protective effects on TMV and CMV. The EC50 values of compounds A9, A10, E1, and E4 against TMV were 180.5, 169.5, 211.4, and 135.5 μg mL-1, respectively, and those against CMV were 210.5, 239.1, 218.4, and 178.6 μg mL-1, respectively, which were superior to those of ferulic acid (471.5 and 489.2 μg mL-1), eugenol (456.3 and 463.2 μg mL-1), isoeugenol (478.4 and 487.5 μg mL-1), and ningnanmycin (246.5 and 286.6 μg mL-1). Then, the antiviral mechanisms of compound E4 were investigated by determining defensive enzyme activities and multi-omics analysis. The results indicated that compound E4 resisted the virus infection by enhancing defensive responses via inducing the accumulation of secondary metabolites from the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in tobacco.
- Gan, Xiuhai,Wang, Zhengxing,Hu, Deyu
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p. 13724 - 13733
(2021/11/23)
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- A Thorough Study on the Photoisomerization of Ferulic Acid Derivatives
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A thorough study on the (E) to (Z) photoisomerization of ferulic acid derivatives (esters, amides of all types, and ketones) was carried out. At the photostationary state, only aliphatic or benzylic tertiary amides reach a nearly complete conversion of (E) isomers into the (Z) ones, whereas for esters, primary and secondary amides or aromatic tertiary amides mixtures of (Z)/(E) ranging from 7 : 93 to 72 : 28 are observed. Ketones show rather limited photoisomerization. However, (Z) ketones may be obtained by the reaction of organometal compounds with an isomerized (Z) Weinreb amide.
- Moni, Lisa,Banfi, Luca,Basso, Andrea,Mori, Alessia,Risso, Federica,Riva, Renata,Lambruschini, Chiara
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p. 1737 - 1749
(2021/03/23)
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- Ferulic acid derivative as well as preparation method and application thereof
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The invention relates to a ferulic acid derivative as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The ferulic acid derivative has any structural formula, the ferulic acid derivative takes gefitinib as a positive control, and the result shows that compared with gefitinib, the ferulic acid derivative has good activity. The ferulic acid derivative has high reference value for further modification of antitumor drugs and discovery of new antitumor drug candidates. The invention further provides a preparation method of the ferulic acid derivative and application of the ferulic acid derivative in preparation of anti-cancer drugs.
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Paragraph 0048-0052
(2020/11/01)
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- Synthetic Guaiacol Derivatives as Promising Myeloperoxidase Inhibitors Targeting Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
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Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is known to cause oxidative stress and inflammation leading to cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications. MPO-mediated oxidation of lipoproteins leads to dysfunctional entities altering the landscape of lipoprotein functionality. The specificity of guaiacol derivatives toward preventing MPO-mediated oxidation to limit MPO's harmful effects is unknown. Diligent in silico studies were accomplished for a portfolio of compounds with guaiacol as a building block. The compounds’ activity toward MPO inhibition was also validated. The role of these chemical entities in controlling MPO-mediated oxidation of lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) was shown to agree with our approach of developing powerful MPO inhibitors. The mechanism of MPO inhibition was demonstrated to be reversible in nature. This study reveals that there is great potential for guaiacol derivatives as therapeutics for CVD by modulating lipid profiles, reducing atherosclerotic plaque burden, and subsequently optimizing cardiovascular functions.
- Premkumar, Jayaraj,Sampath, Parthasarathy,Sanjay, Rajagopalan,Chandrakala, Aluganti,Rajagopal, Desikan
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supporting information
p. 1187 - 1199
(2020/05/25)
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- Br?nsted Acid Catalyzed Tandem Defunctionalization of Biorenewable Ferulic acid and Derivates into Bio-Catechol
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An efficient conversion of biorenewable ferulic acid into bio-catechol has been developed. The transformation comprises two consecutive defunctionalizations of the substrate, that is, C?O (demethylation) and C?C (de-2-carboxyvinylation) bond cleavage, occurring in one step. The process only requires heating of ferulic acid with HCl (or H2SO4) as catalyst in pressurized hot water (250 °C, 50 bar N2). The versatility is shown on a variety of other (biorenewable) substrates yielding up to 84 % di- (catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone) and trihydroxybenzenes (pyrogallol, hydroxyquinol), in most cases just requiring simple extraction as work-up.
- Bal, Mathias,Bomon, Jeroen,Liao, Yuhe,Maes, Bert U. W.,Sels, Bert F.,Sergeyev, Sergey,Van Den Broeck, Elias,Van Speybroeck, Veronique
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supporting information
p. 3063 - 3068
(2020/02/05)
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- METHOD FOR PRODUCING CINNAMIC ACID ESTER COMPOUND
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A method for producing a cinnamic acid ester derivative includes reacting a cinnamic acid derivative compound represented by the formula (1), wherein the symbols are as defined in the description, with an alcohol compound represented by the formula: R6OH, wherein the symbol is as defined in the description, in the presence of a strong acid resin catalyst without using a solvent. As the cinnamic acid derivative compound, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid are preferred, and as the alcohol compound, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, phenethyl alcohol, and a monosaccharide are preferred.
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Paragraph 0066-0067; 0075
(2020/05/06)
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- Structure?Activity Relationships of Cinnamate Ester Analogues as Potent Antiprotozoal Agents
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Protozoal infections are still a global health problem, threatening the lives of millions of people around the world, mainly in impoverished tropical and sub-tropical regions. Thus, in view of the lack of efficient therapies and increasing resistances against existing drugs, this study describes the antiprotozoal potential of synthetic cinnamate ester analogues and their structure-activity relationships. In general, Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei were quite susceptible to the compounds in a structure-dependent manner. Detailed analysis revealed a key role of the substitution pattern on the aromatic ring and a marked effect of the side chain on the activity against these two parasites. The high antileishmanial potency and remarkable selectivity of the nitro-aromatic derivatives suggested them as promising candidates for further studies. On the other hand, the high in vitro potency of catechol-type compounds against T. brucei could not be extrapolated to an in vivo mouse model.
- Bernal, Freddy A.,Kaiser, Marcel,Wünsch, Bernhard,Schmidt, Thomas J.
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- Study on the formation of antihypertensive twin drugs by caffeic acid and ferulic acid with telmisartan
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Purpose: This study aimed to synthesize twin drugs from cinnamic acid compounds, caffeic acid (CFA) and ferulic acid (FLA), which can antagonize endothelin-1 (ET-1) with telmisartan through ester bonds. Moreover, the antihypertensive effect of telmisartan and its influence on blood pressure variability (BPV) were enhanced, and the bioavailability of caffeic acid and ferulic acid was improved. Methods: Six twin drugs, which were the target compounds, were synthesized. Hypertensive rats (SHR) and conscious sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) rats were spontaneously used as models for pharmacodynamic research to study the antihypertensive efficacy of these twin drugs. Wistar rats were employed as pharmacokinetic research models to investigate the pharmacokinetics of the target compounds via intragastric administration. Cellular pharmacodynamic research was also conducted on the antagonistic action on Ang II-AT1, ETA and ETB receptor. Results: Compound 1a was determined as the best antihypertensive twin drug and thus was further studied for its effect on BPV. Compared with that of telmisartan, the antihypertensive effect of compound 1a was improved (p50 of Lps-2 was still two orders of magnitude higher than that of the positive drug telmisartan. Hence, the twin drugs worked by metabolizing and regenerating telmisartan and caffeic acid or ferulic acid in the body. Conclusion: The synthesized twin drugs improved telmisartan’s antihypertensive effects, significantly decreased BPV in SAD rats and increased the bioavailability of caffeic acid and ferulic acid. This study serves as a basis for the development of new angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) in the future and a reference for the development of new drugs to antagonize ET-1.
- Li, Pengshou,Li, Ziyong,Ma, Qixiang,Peng, Yingying,Zhang, Xiaohua
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p. 977 - 992
(2020/03/13)
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- METHOD OF FORMING MONOMERS AND FURFURAL FROM LIGNOCELLULOSE
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The present disclosure relates to a method of producing monophenolicmonomers and furfural from lignocellulosic biomass beating the biomass in a solvent together with a zeolite based catalyst.
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Page/Page column 17
(2020/06/05)
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- Design, synthesis & biological evaluation of ferulic acid-based small molecule inhibitors against tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase IX
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Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is an emerging drug target for hypoxia associated cancers. To identify potent and selective inhibitors of CAIX, a small library of ferulic acid (FA) derivatives bearing triazole moiety has been designed, synthesized and evaluated against different human CA isoforms (CAII, CAVA & CAIX). Though most of the compounds showed CAIX inhibition in the micromolar range, compound 7i selectively inhibits CAIX in the nanomolar range (IC50 = 24 nM). In silico analysis revealed binding of 7i with the catalytically important amino acid residues of CAIX. Further, cell-based studies indicate that 7i inhibits the activity of CAIX, decreases the epithelial to mesenchymal transitions, induces apoptosis, inhibits cell migration and colonization potential of cancer cells. Taken together, these results emphasized the use of 7i as a prospective pharmacological lead molecule in CAIX targeted anticancer therapeutics.
- Abid, Mohammad,Alajmi, Mohamed F.,Aneja, Babita,Daniliuc, Constantin G.,Hasan, Phool,Hassan, Md. Imtaiyaz,Hussain, Afzal,Khan, Parvez,Mohsin, Mohd.,Queen, Aarfa,Rizvi, M. Moshahid A.,Shamsi, Farheen
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- A New Series of Salicylic Acid Derivatives as Non-saccharide α-Glucosidase Inhibitors and Antioxidants
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In this study, a series of salicylic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel non-saccharide α-glucosidase inhibitors. Biological evaluation indicated that when compared to acarbose, compounds T9, T10, and T32 exhibited a higher potency of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.15±0.01, 0.086±0.01 and 0.32±0.02mM, respectively. Evaluation of the inhibition kinetics indicated that T9, T10, T32, and acarbose interacted with α-glucosidase in a mixed non-competitive inhibitory manner. Moreover, T9, T10, and T32 statically quenched the fluorescence of α-glucosidase by formation of an inhibitor-α-glucosidase complex. The docking results showed that hydrogen bonds were generated between the test compounds and α-glucosidase. The antioxidant study revealed that compound T10 exhibited a higher antioxidant activity via scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH), thereby inhibiting lipid peroxidation and the total reduction capacity. In brief, the salicylic acid derivatives identified in this study were promising candidates for development as novel non-saccharide α-glucosidase inhibitors.
- Chen, Jiangang,Lu, Wenfang,Chen, Hao,Bian, Xiaoli,Yang, Guangde
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p. 231 - 246
(2019/02/19)
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- Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives of β-Carboline/Hydroxycinnamic Acid Hybrids Inducing Apoptosis and Autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathways
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Naturally occurring β-carbolines are known to have antitumor activities but with limited effectiveness. In order to improve their efficacy, a series of new hydroxamic-acid-containing β-carbolines connected via a hydroxycinnamic acid moitey (12a-f) were developed to incorporate histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition for possible synergistic effects. When evaluated in in vitro assays, most of the analogues showed significant antitumor activities against four human cancer cells. In particular, 12b showed the highest cytotoxic potency of the series, including drug-resistant Bel7402 cells, but had minimal effect on normal hepatic LO2 cells. These compounds also showed excellent inhibitory effects against HDAC1/6, which appear to contribute greatly to their antiproliferative properties. Compound 12b enhanced the acetylation levels of histone H3 and α-tubulin and induced greater cancer cell apoptosis than the FDA-approved HDAC inhibitor SAHA by regulating expression of apoptotic proteins Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase 3. Importantly, 12b also induced a significant amount of autophagic flux activity in Bel7402 cells by increasing the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-II proteins and decreasing that of LC3-I and p62. Finally, 12b significantly inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, an important cell-growth-promoting pathway aberrantly activated in many cancers. Together, the results suggest that these hydroxamic-acid-containing β-carboline derivatives may be new leads for the discovery of agents for the treatment of human carcinoma cancers.
- Ling, Yong,Li, Yangyang,Zhu, Rui,Qian, Jianqiang,Liu, Ji,Gao, Weijie,Meng, Chi,Miao, Jiefei,Xiong, Biao,Qiu, Xiaodong,Ling, Changchun,Dai, Hong,Zhang, Yanan
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p. 1442 - 1450
(2019/07/05)
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- Pharmacokinetic alteration of paclitaxel by ferulic acid derivative
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P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to be involved in multidrug resistance (MDR) and modulation of pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of substrate drugs. Here, we studied the effects of synthesized ferulic acid (FA) derivatives on P-gp function in vitro and examined PK alteration of paclitaxel (PTX), a well-known P-gp substrate drug by the derivative. Compound 5c, the FA derivative chosen as a significant P-gp inhibitor among eight FA candidates by in vitro results, increased PTX AUCinf as much as twofold versus the control by reducing PTX elimination in rats. These results suggest that FA derivative can increase PTX bioavailability by inhibiting P-gp existing in eliminating organs.
- Lee, Jaeok,Chae, Song Wha,Ma, Lianji,Lim, So Yeon,Alnajjar, Sarah,Choo, Hea-Young Park,Lee, Hwa Jeong,Rhie, Sandy Jeong
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- Synthesis method of valerolactam alkaloid compound (by machine translation)
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The invention discloses a synthesis method, of a valerolactam alkaloid compound. Comprising: 1) reacting thionyl chloride with methanol, then adding ferulic acid, synthesizing ferulic acid methyl ester; 2) reacting 2 -nitrogen hexanone with phosphorus pentachloride; 4) 3, 3 -dibromo -2 - azaltrexone reacts with hydrogen and sodium acetate under the action of potassium iodide to generate 3-bromo 3 -cyclohexanone; 3) reaction, and reacting with hydrogen -2 - and sodium acetate under the action of potassium iodide; and the like 3 -2 . 5) 4) The terpineol prepared in step 3 -) is reacted, with sodium hydroxide, with the terpineol prepared in step -2 2 -) to form a lactam alkaloid compound. The synthetic method has the advantages of accessible raw material sources, mild reaction conditions, and simple reaction process operation. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0029; 0042-0046
(2019/10/01)
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- Design, synthesis and antitumor evaluation of novel celastrol derivatives
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On the basis of the hybridization strategy of natural products, a total of 32 novel celastrol hybrids were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antitumor activities. Most of these derivatives exihibited significant antiproliferative activities compared to celastrol, among which compound 29 displayed the strongest inhibitory capability [IC50 = 0.15 ± 0.03 μM (A549),0.17 ± 0.03 μM (MCF-7), 0.26 ± 0.02 μM (HepG2)], which exhibited equal or superior anti-cancer activities in comparison to 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9 (11)-dien-28-oic acid methyl ester (CDDO-Me). The mechanism of pharmacological research indicated that 29 possessed the ability to disrupt Hsp90-Cdc37 complex which was stronger than celastrol. Meanwhile, compound 29 could induce abnormal regulation of clients (p-Akt and Cdk4) of Hsp90 and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, compound 29 could also induce cell apoptosis through the death receptor pathway on A549 cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that 29 might be a promising novel candidate for further druggability research.
- Xu, Manyi,Li, Na,Zhao, Zihao,Shi, Zhixian,Sun, Jianbo,Chen, Li
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p. 265 - 276
(2019/05/04)
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- Tripterine (iso) ferulic acid ester derivative as well as preparation method and application thereof
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The invention discloses a tripterine (iso) ferulic acid ester derivative as well as a preparation method and application thereof and belongs to the field of biological medicines. The tripterine (iso)ferulic acid ester derivative is of a structure with a formula I as shown in the specification; in the formula, R1-R6 are respectively selected from H, alkyl, heteroatom-containing alkyl, halogen or nitryl; X is selected from saturated or unsaturated direct-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon segments with 2-5 carbon atoms. The preparation method of the compound is gentle in reaction condition, low in reagent toxicity, easy in raw material obtaining, convenient in aftertreatment and high in yield. Pharmacology experiment shows that the compound disclosed by the invention has excellent anti-tumor activity and can be applied to preparation of anti-tumor medicines.
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Paragraph 0147; 0148; 0149; 0150; 0160; 0161-0163
(2019/05/08)
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- Comparative analysis of stilbene and benzofuran neolignan derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities
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Stilbenes and benzofuran neolignans are important groups of plant phenolics therefore they play a significant role in plants and human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the structure-activity relationships of naturally occurring stilbene and benzofuran neolignan derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. A series of these compounds were prepared and assessed for their inhibition on acetylcholinesterase activity. δ-Viniferin, pterostilbene trans-dehydrodimer, pallidol, grossamide, and boehmenan exerted acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential. The several oligomeric compounds protected against cell damage resulting from t-BHP exposure and inhibited lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma (LPS/IFNγ)-induced NO production in vitro. Our findings highlight the great potential of pterostilbene trans-dehydrodimer, pallidol, and boehmenan as multifunctional nutraceuticals for management of neurodegenerative diseases.
- Nagumo, Mina,Ninomiya, Masayuki,Oshima, Natsuko,Itoh, Tomohiro,Tanaka, Kaori,Nishina, Atsuyoshi,Koketsu, Mamoru
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supporting information
p. 2475 - 2479
(2019/07/30)
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- Antifungal activity of cinnamic acid and benzoic acid esters against Candida albicans strains
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Candida albicans is an important opportunistic fungal pathogen capable of provoking infection in humans. In the present study, we evaluated the antifungal effect of 23 ester derivatives of the cinnamic and benzoic acids against 3 C. albicans strains (ATCC-76645, LM-106 and LM-23), as well as discuss their Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR). The antifungal assay results revealed that the screened compounds exhibited different levels of activity depending on structural variation. Among the ester analogues, methyl caffeate (5) and methyl 2-nitrocinnamate (10) were the analogues that presented the best antifungal effect against all C. albicans strains, presenting the same MIC values (MIC?=?128?μg/mL), followed by methyl biphenyl-2-carboxylate (21) (MIC?=?128, 128 and 256?μg/mL for C. albicans LM-106, LM-23, and ATCC-76645, respectively). Our results suggest that certain molecular characteristics are important for the antifungal action.
- Lima, Tamires C.,Ferreira, Alana R.,Silva, Daniele F.,Lima, Edeltrudes O.,de Sousa, Dami?o P.
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p. 572 - 575
(2017/09/30)
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- Electrochemical Dimerization of Phenylpropenoids and the Surprising Antioxidant Activity of the Resultant Quinone Methide Dimers
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A simple method for the dimerization of phenylpropenoid derivatives is reported. It leverages electrochemical oxidation of p-unsaturated phenols to access the dimeric materials in a biomimetic fashion. The mild nature of the transformation provides excellent functional group tolerance, resulting in a unified approach for the synthesis of a range of natural products and related analogues with excellent regiocontrol. The operational simplicity of the method allows for greater efficiency in the synthesis of complex natural products. Interestingly, the quinone methide dimer intermediates are potent radical-trapping antioxidants; more so than the phenols from which they are derived—or transformed to—despite the fact that they do not possess a labile H-atom for transfer to the peroxyl radicals that propagate autoxidation.
- Romero, Kevin J.,Galliher, Matthew S.,Raycroft, Mark A. R.,Chauvin, Jean-Philippe R.,Bosque, Irene,Pratt, Derek A.,Stephenson, Corey R. J.
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supporting information
p. 17125 - 17129
(2018/12/04)
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- Synthesis and antioxidant activity of caffeic acid derivatives
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A series of caffeic acid derivatives were synthesized via a modified Wittig reaction which is a very important tool in organic chemistry for the construction of unsaturated carbon–carbon bonds. All reactions were performed in water medium at 90?C. The aqueous Wittig reaction worked best when one unprotected hydroxyl group was present in the phenyl ring. The olefinations in the aqueous conditions were also conducted with good yields in the presence of two unprotected hydroxyl groups. When the number of the hydroxyl groups was increased to three, the reaction yields were worse, and the derivatives 12, 13, and 18 were obtained with 74%, 37%, and 70% yields, respectively. Nevertheless, the Wittig reaction using water as the essential medium is an elegant one-pot synthesis and a greener method, which can be a safe alternative for implementation in organic chemistry. The obtained compounds were tested for their antioxidant activity, and 12, 13, and 18 showed the highest activities. Moreover, all synthesized compounds displayed no cytotoxicity, and can therefore be used in the pharmaceutical or cosmetic industry.
- Sidoryk, Katarzyna,Jaromin, Anna,Filipczak, Nina,Cmoch, Piotr,Cybulski, Marcin
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- General approach to neolignan-core of the boehmenan natural product family
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Abstract: A novel approach to the neolignan-core skeletons of boehmenan natural products and to dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucosides based on the Fe(III)-promoted oxidative coupling has been achieved. Obtained common intermediates were further selectively modified to yield the basic molecular core possessing three orthogonally protected alkoxy functionalities available for further selective modifications. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Barbuková, Zuzana,Kozubíková, Hana,Zále?ák, Franti?ek,Dole?al, Karel,Pospí?il, Ji?í
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p. 737 - 748
(2018/01/01)
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- Highly efficient and green esterification of carboxylic acids in deep eutectic solvents without any other additives
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A protocol that carboxylic acids esterifies with the quaternary ammonium salt of deep eutectic solvent (DES) is presented, which opens a new access to ester using DES as alkylating agent, solvent, and catalyst. The reaction runs smoothly in DES without any other additives. Substituted cinnamic acids, aromatic acids, and aliphatic acids can be esterified in moderate to good yields. The advantages of this reaction include excellent functional group compatibility and simple reaction procedure.
- Yasmin, Sumera,Sheng, Wen-Bing,Peng, Cai-Yun,Rahman, Atta-ur,Liao, Duan-Fang,Choudhary, M. Iqbal,Wanga, Wei
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supporting information
p. 68 - 75
(2017/12/26)
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- Interaction of 7-Alkoxycoumarins with the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor activated by a vast array of natural and synthetic ligands. It plays a pivotal role in numerous physiological and pathological responses, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, induction of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, response to environmental toxins, and several others. In this study, we investigated the ability of some natural compounds (oxyprenylated ferulic acid and umbelliferone derivatives) and their semisynthetic analogues (e.g., differently substituted 7-Alkoxycoumarins) to activate AhR, using a reporter luciferase assay. Among them, we found that 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin was the best AhR activator. Boropinic acid, 7-but-2′-enyloxycoumarin, 7-(2′,2′-dimethyl-n-propyloxy)coumarin, 7-benzyloxycoumarin, and 7-(3′-hydroxymethyl-3′-methylallyloxy)coumarin were also active, although to a lesser extent. All the compounds were also analyzed for their ability to inhibit AhR activation, using a reference ligand, 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole. Data recorded in the present investigation pointed out the importance of a 3,3-dimethylallyloxy side chain attached to the coumarin ring core as a key moiety for AhR activation.
- Gargaro, Marco,Epifano, Francesco,Fiorito, Serena,Taddeo, Vito Alessandro,Genovese, Salvatore,Pirro, Matteo,Turco, Antonella,Puccetti, Paolo,Schmidt-Weber, Carsten B.,Fallarino, Francesca
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p. 1939 - 1943
(2017/06/28)
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- Novel α,β-unsaturated amide derivatives bearing α-amino phosphonate moiety as potential antiviral agents
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Based on flexible construction and broad bioactivity of ferulic acid, a series of novel α,β-unsaturated amide derivatives bearing α-aminophosphonate moiety were designed, synthesized and systematically evaluated for their antiviral activity. Bioassay results indicated that some compounds exhibited good antiviral activities against cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in vivo. Especially, compound g18 showed excellent curative and protective activities against CMV, with half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 284.67 μg/mL and 216.30 μg/mL, which were obviously superior to that of Ningnanmycin (352.08 μg/mL and 262.53 μg/mL). Preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) analysis revealed that the introduction of electron-withdrawing group at the 2-position or 4-position of the aromatic ring is favorable for antiviral activity. Present work provides a promising template for development of potential inhibitor of plant virus.
- Lan, Xianmin,Xie, Dandan,Yin, Limin,Wang, Zhenzhen,Chen, Jin,Zhang, Awei,Song, Baoan,Hu, Deyu
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p. 4270 - 4273
(2017/09/12)
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- Novel trans-Ferulic Acid Derivatives Containing a Chalcone Moiety as Potential Activator for Plant Resistance Induction
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A series of novel trans-ferulic acid derivatives containing a chalcone moiety were designed and synthesized to induce plant resistance. Antiviral activities of the compounds were evaluated. Bioassay results demonstrated that compounds F3, F6, F17, and F27 showed remarkable curative, protective, and inactivating activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). With a 50% effective concentration (EC50) value of 98.78 μg mL-1, compound F27 exhibited the best protective activity compared with trans-ferulic acid (328.6 μg mL-1), dufulin (385.6 μg mL-1), and ningnanmycin (241.3 μg mL-1). This protective ability was associated with potentiation of defense-related enzyme activity and activation of photosynthesis of tobacco at an early stage. This notion was confirmed by up-regulated expression of stress responses and photosynthesis regulating proteins. This work revealed that F27 can induce resistance and enhance plant tolerance to TMV infection. Hence, F27 can be considered as a novel activator for inducing plant resistance.
- Gan, Xiuhai,Hu, Deyu,Wang, Yanjiao,Yu, Lu,Song, Baoan
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p. 4367 - 4377
(2017/06/13)
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- Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl derivatives of phenolic acids esters
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The glycosylation of naturally occurring phenolic acids has a significant impact on their solubility, stability and physiochemical properties. D-Galactose residue was found to form a part of glycoconjugates in several tissues and involved in a variety of physiological process. To the best of our knowledge, we have noticed a little information about the glycosylation of the phenolic acids with galactose residue. In this work, we describe the glycosylation of methyl vanillate and methyl ferulate with peracetylated-β-D-galactopyranose in the presence of BF3·OEt2. The coupling reaction yielded efficiently and selectively only the acetylated β-D-galactopyranosides 3 and 6. Removal of the acetyl groups using sodium methoxide afforded the corresponding β-D-galactopyranosides 4 and 7 in good yields. Anticancer activity in vitro was evaluated against two human cancer cell lines (MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines). β-D-galactopyranosides 4 and 7 demonstrated improved cytotoxic activity compared to the parental esters.
- Al Bujuq, Nader,Arar, Sharif,Khalil, Raida
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supporting information
p. 1 - 7
(2017/10/07)
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- Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Phenylpropanoids and Coumarins: Total Synthesis of Osthol
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Herein we describe a one-pot microwave-assisted method for the synthesis of cinnamic acid and coumarin derivatives. The synthesis begins with an aldehyde synthon, and the chosen reaction conditions determine whether a cinnamic acid or coumarin derivative is formed. A regioselective Claisen rearrangement was also efficiently incorporated into the synthetic sequence to further increase the complexity of the product. Notably, this approach provides high product yields and selectivities without the need of a phenol protecting group.
- Konrádová, Daniela,Kozubíková, Hana,Dole?al, Karel,Pospí?il, Ji?í
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supporting information
p. 5204 - 5213
(2017/09/29)
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- Palladium nanoparticles immobilized on amphiphilic and hyperbranched polymer-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles: An efficient semi-heterogeneous catalyst for Heck reaction
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To address the obstacles facing the use of palladium-based homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in C─C cross-coupling reactions, a novel semi-heterogeneous support was developed based on hyperbranched poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(citric acid)-functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PCA-b-PEG). Because of the surface modification of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles with amphiphilic and hyperbranched polymers (PCA-b-PEG), these hybrid materials are not only soluble in a wide range of solvents (e.g. water, ethanol and dimethylformamide) but also are able to trap Pd2+ ions via complex formation of free carboxyl groups of the PCA dendrimer with metal ions. The reduction of trapped palladium ions in the dendritic shell of Fe3O4@PCA-b-PEG leads to immobilized palladium nanoparticles. The morphology and structural features of the catalyst were characterized using various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The catalyst was effectively used in the palladium-catalysed Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction in water as a green solvent. In addition, the catalyst can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture by applying an external magnetic field and reused for more than ten consecutive cycles without much loss in activity, exhibiting an example of a sustainable and green methodology.
- Tabatabaei Rezaei, Seyed Jamal,Shamseddin, Azin,Ramazani, Ali,Mashhadi Malekzadeh, Asemeh,Azimzadeh Asiabi, Pegah
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- Synthesis of Phenylpropanoids via Matsuda-Heck Coupling of Arene Diazonium Salts
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The Pd-catalyzed Heck-type coupling (Matsuda-Heck reaction) of electron rich arene diazonium salts with electron deficient olefins has been exploited for the synthesis of phenylpropanoid natural products. Examples described herein are the naturally occurring benzofurans methyl wutaifuranate, wutaifuranol, wutaifuranal, their 7-methoxy derivatives, and the O-prenylated natural products boropinols A and C.
- Schmidt, Bernd,Wolf, Felix
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p. 4386 - 4395
(2017/04/28)
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- Preparation method and application of glycyrrhetinic acid, ferulic acid and selenomethionine ternary compound
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The invention discloses a preparation method and an application of a novel glycyrrhetinic acid derivative shown in a figure 1. Ferulic acid methylester is introduced in the 30-position carboxyl position of glycyrrhetinic acid; NO.3-position hydroxyl of glycyrrhetinic acid is subjected to structure modification, and Boc-L-selenomethionine is introduced; then, after Boc protection is removed, the glycyrrhetinic acid derivative in a form of hydrochloride is obtained. A better inhibition function of the glycyrrhetinic acid derivative on two breast cancer MCF-7 and MBA-MD-231 cells is measured, and the glycyrrhetinic acid derivative can be taken as an anticancer drug for further research and development.
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Paragraph 0012; 0013; 0014
(2017/06/02)
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- Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel tacrine-ferulic acid hybrids as multifunctional drug candidates against Alzheimer's disease
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Five novel tacrine-ferulic acid hybrid compounds (8a-e) were synthesized and their structures were identified on the basis of a detailed spectroscopic analysis. The activities of inhibiting acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase (BuChE), reducing self-induced β-Amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and chelating Cu2+ were evaluated in vitro. Among them, 8c and 8d displayed the higher selectivity in inhibiting AChE over BuChE. Moreover, 8d also showed dramatic inhibition of self-Aβ aggregation, activity of chelating Cu2+ and activity against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in Neuro-2A cells.
- Fu, Yingbo,Mu, Yu,Lei, Hui,Wang, Pu,Li, Xin,Leng, Qiao,Han, Li,Qu, Xiaodan,Wang, Zhanyou,Huang, Xueshi
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- COMPOUNDS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF MICROBIAL INFECTION(S)
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The present invention relates to compounds useful in methods of treating at least one microbial infection, such methods and uses of said compounds, pharmaceutical formulations comprising said compounds, and/or synthetic processes. The compounds have the general formula (I) wherein R1 is H, N02, Br, I, NHC2H4OH, NHC(=NH)NH2; NH2; R2 is H, CH(CH3)2) S02-4-C6H4F or SO2-4-C6H4-OCH3; R3 is H or NO2; and R4 is CHO or CH=CHC(0)OR5, wherein R5 is CH2CH2CH2CH3, or more preferably H, CH3, CH2CH3 or CH2CH2CH3.
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Page/Page column 30; 31
(2016/02/29)
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- Compositions for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative disease containing alkoxyphenylpropenone derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as an active ingredient
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PURPOSE: An alkoxyphenylpropenone derivative is provided to efficiently use as a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a degenerative brain disease; or pharmaceutical composition for protecting a brain cell by having an excellent protecting effect of the brain cell. CONSTITUTION: An alkoxyphenylpropenone derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is indicated as below chemical formula 1; and R^1 is hydrogen or O-R^4; R^2 is hydrogen or O-R^5; R^3 is hydroxy, O-R^6 or -NR^7R^8; R^4, R^5 and R^6 are C_1-C_12 straight chain or a side chain alkyl, C_2-C_12 straight chain or a side chain alkenyl, and unsubstituted or C_5-C_6 aryl which is substituted as C_1-C_4 straight chain, or a side chain alkoxy, C_5-C_6 aryl C_1-C_4 alkyl; R^7 is hydrogen, C_1-C_4 straight chain, or a side chain alkyl; R^8 is hydrogen, the C_1-C_4 straight chain or the side chain alkyl, and the C5-C6 aryl which is unsubstituted or hydroxy-substituted, the C1-C4 alkyl or the C5-C6.
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Paragraph 0166-0170
(2021/05/28)
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- Synthesis of novel ester series and study of its mesomorphism dependence on terminal end group with lateral-OCH3 group
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Novel liquid crystal (LC) materials of ester derivatives were synthesized and studied with a view to understanding and establishing the effects of molecular structure on LC properties. The novel molecules consist of two phenyl rings bonded through-COO-central group and a laterally substituted methoxy group with-OCnH2n+1 as well as-COOCH3 terminal end groups, and yielded 12 homologous members of an ester series. The C1 to C3 members are nonmesomorphic, the C4 to C12 members are enantiotropic nematic only, and the C14 to C16 members are enantiotropically smectogenic in addition to nematogenic. Transition temperatures and the textures of LC state were observed through an optical polarizing microscope (POM) equipped with a heating stage. The textures of nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren, and that of smectic phase are focal conic of the type A or C. Transition curves of a phase diagram behave in normal manner with the exhibition of an odd-even effect (only N-I). Analytical and spectral data support the molecular structures of the novel ester derivatives. The LC properties of the present series are compared with structurally similar other known series. The average thermal stability of the series is 93°C for smectic and 120.88°C for nematic and the mesogenic phase length ranges between 2°C and 46°C.
- Vadodaria,Ladva,Doshi,Travadi
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- Ferulic acid ester derivative containing quinazoline, as well as preparation method and purpose of ferulic acid ester derivative
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The invention discloses a ferulic acid ester derivative containing quinazoline, as well as a preparation method and a purpose of the ferulic acid ester. A structural general formula (I) of the ferulic acid ester derivative containing the quinazoline is as follows: R1 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl and normal-butyl; R2 is hydrogen, 6,7-dimethoxy and 6,7-bis-methoxyethoxy. The ferulic acid ester derivative containing the quinazoline can resist the cucumber mosaic virus, the tobacco mosaic virus, the southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus and the rice stripe virus.The structural general formula (I) is shown in the specification.
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Paragraph 0013; 0031; 0035; 0039; 0043; 0047; 0051; 0053
(2016/10/09)
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- Synthesis and anticancer activities of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives
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A total of forty novel glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) derivatives were designed and synthesized. The cytotoxic activity of the novel compounds was tested against two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) in vitro by the MTT method. The evaluation results revealed that, in comparison with GA, compound 42 shows the most promising anticancer activity (IC50 1.88 ± 0.20 and 1.37 ± 0.18 μM for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, respectively) and merits further exploration as a new anticancer agent.
- Li, Yang,Feng, Ling,Song, Zhi-Fang,Li, Hai-Bei,Huai, Qi-Yong
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- Design, synthesis and "in vitro" anti-leukemic evaluation of ferulic acid analogues as BCR-Abl inhibitors
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Semi-synthetic modification of ferulic acid isolated from Salicornia brachiata was performed and the derivatives showed gratifying in silico binding scores with the BCR-Abl protein, comparable with imatinib. Anti-proliferative activity against K562, U937 and Hep G2 cancer cell lines and the BCR-Abl kinase inhibitory activity using an ADP-Glo assay were investigated. Compounds 2i and 3j were potent BCR-Abl inhibitors and were also active against K562 cells.
- Rajendran, Narendran,Subramaniam, Shankar,Charan Raja, Mamilla R.,Venkata Subbarao, Himesh Makala,Raghunandan, Subhashree,Venkatasubramanian, Ulaganathan,Pemaiah, Brindha,Mahapatra, Santanu Kar,Sivasubramanian, Aravind
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p. 70480 - 70484
(2016/08/06)
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- Discovery of neurotrophic agents based on hydroxycinnamic acid scaffold
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The number of people affected by neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease is rapidly increasing owing to the global increase in life expectancy. Small molecules with neurotrophic effects have great potential for management of these neurological disorders. In this study, different (C1–C12) alkyl ester derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) were synthesized (a total of 30 compounds). The neurotrophic capacity of the test compounds was examined by measuring promotion of survival in serum-deprived conditions and enhancement of nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 neuronal cells. p-Coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids and their esters did not alter cell survival, while caffeic acid and all its alkyl esters, especially decyl and dodecyl caffeate, significantly promoted neuronal survival at 25?μm. Methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl caffeate esters also significantly enhanced NGF-induced neurite outgrowth, among which the most effective ones were propyl and butyl esters, which at 5?μm led to 25- and 22-fold increases in the number of neurites, respectively. The findings of the docking study suggested phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) as the potential molecular target. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that alkyl esters of caffeic acid can be useful as scaffolds for the discovery of therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases.
- Hosseini, Razieh,Moosavi, Fatemeh,Rajaian, Hamid,Silva, Tiago,Magalh?es e Silva, Diogo,Soares, Pedro,Saso, Luciano,Edraki, Najmeh,Miri, Ramin,Borges, Fernanda,Firuzi, Omidreza
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p. 926 - 937
(2016/11/11)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Directed para C?H Functionalization of Phenols
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Various practical methods for the selective C?H functionalization of the ortho and recently also of the meta position of an arene have already been developed. Following our recent development of the directing-group-assisted para C?H functionalization of toluene derivatives, we herein report the first remote para C?H functionalization of phenol derivatives by using a recyclable silicon-containing biphenyl-based template. The effectiveness of this strategy was illustrated with different synthetic elaborations and by the synthesis of various phenol-based natural products.
- Patra, Tuhin,Bag, Sukdev,Kancherla, Rajesh,Mondal, Anirban,Dey, Aniruddha,Pimparkar, Sandeep,Agasti, Soumitra,Modak, Atanu,Maiti, Debabrata
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supporting information
p. 7751 - 7755
(2016/07/07)
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- Tandem catalysis: Versus one-pot catalysis: Ensuring process orthogonality in the transformation of essential-oil phenylpropenoids into high-value products via olefin isomerization-metathesis
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Conversion of essential-oil allylbenzenes (phenylpropenoids) to high-value fine chemicals via isomerization-metathesis is reported. The target reaction sequence involves isomerization of ArCH2CH=CH21 into the corresponding conjugated olefins 2, and ensuing cross-metathesis with acrylates to generate ArCH=CHCO2R 3. The second-generation Hoveyda catalyst HII was chosen for the metathesis step. A range of lead candidates was assessed for the isomerization step, of which most active was the Grotjahn catalyst [CpRu(PN)(MeCN)]PF6([4]PF6; PN = 2-PiPr2-4-tBu-1-Me-imidazole). The following order of isomerization activity was determined, using the isomerization of estragole 1a to anethole 2a (Ar = p-MeOC6H4) as a probe reaction: [CpRu(PN)(MeCN)]PF6> RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3> Ru(Me-allyl)2(COD) > Pd2Br2(PtBu3)2> RuHCl(PPh3)3> RuCl3(μ2-C)(μ2,κ1-C,η6-Mes-H2IMes)Ru(H)(H2IMes) (the "Grubbs hydride") > RuHCl(CO)(H2IMes)(PCy3) > RuHCl(CO)(IMes)(PCy3) > RuHCl(CO)(PCy3)2. To maximize process efficiency, a systematic comparison of orthogonal tandem catalysis versus sequential catalyst addition was undertaken, using catalysts [4]PF6and HII. The impact of each process type on product selectivity and catalyst compatibility was assessed. Selectivity was undermined in tandem isomerization-metathesis by competing metathesis of 1. Sequential catalyst addition eliminated this problem. The isomerization catalyst [4]PF6adversely affected metathesis yields when equimolar with HII, an effect traced to the imidazole functionality in [4]PF6. However, at the low catalyst loadings required for efficient isomerization (0.1 mol% [4]PF6), negligible impact on metathesis yields was evident. The target cinnamates and ferrulates were obtained in quantitative yields by coupling these steps in a one-pot isomerization-metathesis protocol.
- Higman, Carolyn S.,De Araujo,Fogg, Deryn E.
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p. 2077 - 2084
(2016/04/26)
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- Synthesis and bioactivity of tripolinolate A from Tripolium vulgare and its analogs
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A new coniferol derivative, named as tripolinolate A (1), and 11 known compounds (2-12) were isolated from whole plants of Tripolium vulgare Nees. The structure of this new compound was determined as 4-(2S-methylbutyryl)-9-acetyl-coniferol based on its NMR and HRESIMS spectral analyses. A simple and efficient method was designed to prepare tripolinolate A and its 19 analogs including nine new chemical entities for bioactive assay. Tripolinolate A and its analog 4,9-diacetyl-coniferol were found to be the two most active compounds that significantly inhibited the proliferation of different cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.36 to 12.9 μM and induced apoptosis in tumor cells. Structure-activity relationship analysis suggested that the molecular size of acyl moieties at C-4 and C-9 position might have an effect on the activity of this type of coniferol derivatives.
- Chen, Lu,Liang, Ying,Song, Tengfei,Anjum, Komal,Wang, Wenling,Yu, Siran,Huang, Haocai,Lian, Xiao-Yuan,Zhang, Zhizhen
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supporting information
p. 2629 - 2633
(2015/06/08)
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- Design, synthesis, and in vitro antiplatelet aggregation activities of ferulic acid derivatives
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In order to discover new compounds with antiplatelet aggregation activities, some ferulic acid (FA) derivatives were designed and synthesized. The in vitro antiplatelet aggregation activities of these compounds were assessed by turbidimetric test. The results showed that the target compound 7f had potent antiplatelet aggregation activity with its IC50 27.6 μmol/L, and 7f can be regarded as a novel potent antiplatelet aggregation candidate.
- Zhang, Peng-Xuan,Lin, Hang,Qu, Cheng,Tang, Yu-Ping,Li, Nian-Guang,Kai, Jun,Shang, Guanxiong,Li, Baoquan,Zhang, Li,Yan, Hui,Liu, Pei,Duan, Jin-Ao
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- Antiallergic activity of rosmarinic acid esters is modulated by hydrophobicity, and bulkiness of alkyl side chain
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Methyl, propyl and hexyl esters of rosmarinic, caffeic and p-coumaric acids were tested for antiallergic activity, and rosmarinic acid propyl ester exhibited the greatest β-hexosaminidase release suppression (IC50, 23.7 μM). Quadratic correlations between pIC50 and cLogP (r2 = 0.94, 0.98, and 1.00, respectively) were observed in each acid ester series. The antiallergic activity is modulated by hydrophobicity, and alkyl chain bulkiness.
- Zhu, Fengxian,Xu, Zhongming,Yonekura, Lina,Yang, Ronghua,Tamura, Hirotoshi
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p. 1178 - 1182
(2015/10/05)
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