- Spirofluorene organic laser material based on trifluoromethyl benzene functionalization, microcrystal preparation and application
-
The invention provides a spirofluorene organic laser material based on trifluoromethyl benzene functionalization. The material is characterized in that the compound takes two trifluoromethyl phenyl groups as end-capping groups and is bridged through n spirofluorene groups, and in the general formula I, R1 and R2 independently represent a straight chain, a ring-shaped chain, a branched alkyl chain and an alkoxy chain containing hydrogen or 1-12 carbon atoms, and n is 1, 2 or 3. By changing the spirofluorene groups in the middle and substituent groups on the spirofluorene groups, a molecular pi conjugated system, a topological structure, an electronic structure and solubility are regulated and controlled, and the photoelectric characteristics of the material are regulated. The structure is simple, the light and heat stability is good, the synthesis process is simple, the yield is very high, and industrialization is facilitated. The preparation of the organic microcrystal material does not need any surfactant, and the organic microcrystal material is regular in morphology and low in ASE threshold value, and can be applied to the organic electronic field of organic laser gain media and the like.
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Paragraph 0026-0074
(2021/07/10)
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- Method for preparing 2-tert-butyl p-cresol under catalysis of eutectic solvent
-
The invention discloses a method for preparing 2-tert-butyl p-cresol under catalysis of a deep-eutectic solvent, which comprises the following steps: (1) taking caprolactam as a hydrogen bond acceptor and p-toluenesulfonic acid as a hydrogen bond donor, and reacting under a stirring condition to prepare the deep-eutectic solvent; and (2) accurately weighing methylphenol and tert-butyl alcohol according to a molar ratio of (12-5): (1-3), putting the weighed methylphenol and tert-butyl alcohol into a reaction tube, adding the eutectic solvent into the reaction tube, and stirring at 25-50 DEG C for 3-8 hours to obtain the 2-tert-butyl p-cresol. According to the method, the eutecticevaporate solvent taking p-toluenesulfonic acid as a hydrogen bond donor and caprolactam as a hydrogen bond acceptor is adopted to catalyze the alkylation reaction of p-methylphenol and tert-butyl alcohol, and the catalytic activity of the eutecticevaporate solvent can be optimal by accurately controlling all parameters in the alkylation of p-methylphenol; according to the method, the conversion rate of the tert-butyl alcohol can reach the maximum value of 100%, the selectivity of the 2-tert-butyl p-cresol can reach 99%, and the reaction does not corrode equipment, so that the method has a wide application prospect.
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-
Paragraph 0026-0074
(2021/07/11)
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- Single Electron Transfer-Induced Selective α-Oxygenation of Glycine Derivatives
-
Modification of amino acids is an important strategy in organic and bioorganic chemistry. In contrast to common side-chain functionalization, backbone modification is much less explored. Especially glycine units seem to be attractive and versatile since a wide range of functionality can be potentially introduced. We report here oxidative modification of glycinates that are stable and enable further functionalization. Selective glycinate enolate oxidation by TEMPO or a FeCp2PF6/TEMPO reagent combination provides stable alkoxyamines in good to excellent yields. The methodology is expanded to glycine-containing dipeptides demonstrating selective oxygenation at the glycine unit. The orthogonal reactivity potential of oxygenated glycines for transformation to other amino acid derivatives is explored.
- Císa?ová, Ivana,Jahn, Ullrich,K?nig, Burkhard,Moser, Johannes,Venugopal, Navyasree,Vojtí?ková, Margaréta
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supporting information
(2021/11/03)
-
- Enantioselective Kinetic Resolution/Desymmetrization of Para-Quinols: A Case Study in Boronic-Acid-Directed Phosphoric Acid Catalysis
-
A chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed kinetic resolution and desymmetrization of para-quinols operating via oxa-Michael addition was developed and subsequently subjected to mechanistic study. Good to excellent s-factors/enantioselectivities were obtained over a broad range of substrates. Kinetic studies were performed, and DFT studies favor a hydrogen bonding activation mode. The mechanistic studies provide insights to previously reported chiral anion phase transfer reactions involving chiral phosphate catalysts in combination with boronic acids. (Figure presented.).
- Huang, Banruo,He, Ying,Levin, Mark D.,Coelho, Jaime A. S.,Bergman, Robert G.,Toste, F. Dean
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supporting information
p. 295 - 301
(2019/11/03)
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- Reductive Aromatization of Quinols with B2pin2 as Deoxidizing Agent
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We have demonstrated B2pin2 as superior deoxidizing agent for the reductive deoxygenation of quinol derivatives under basic conditions. A wide range of highly functionalized phenols were obtained in good yields including a complex drug molecule, which revealed the high functional group tolerance of this protocol.
- Liu, Bin,Xu, Yin,Luo, Zhibin,Xie, Jimin
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p. 1022 - 1024
(2020/03/19)
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- Alkylation of Phenols with tert-Butanol Catalyzed by H-Form of Y Zeolites with a Hierarchical Porous Structure
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tert-Butyl-substituted phenols have been synthesized via the reaction of phenol, o-, m-, and p-cresols with tert-butanol under the action of CBr4-promoted Y-zeolites in the H-form with a hierarchical porous structure.
- Bayguzina,Makhiyanova,Khazipova,Khusnutdinov
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p. 1554 - 1559
(2019/10/14)
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- A kind of using modified Y zeolite catalytic synthesis of 2-tert-butyl-P-cresol method
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The invention belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis, and relates to a method for synthesizing 2-tertiary butyl-p-cresol through catalysis of modified Y zeolite. The method comprises the following step: with modified Y zeolite as a catalyst, carrying out alkylation reaction on an alkylating agent and p-cresol under ordinary pressure so as to prepare the 2-tertiary butyl-p-cresol, wherein the modified Y zeolite is prepared through carrying out ion exchange on NaY zeolite through ammonium chloride, manganous nitrate, lanthanum nitrate or cerous nitrate solutions. The method for synthesizing the 2-tertiary butyl-p-cresol has the advantages of availability in reaction at normal pressure, low reaction temperature, short reaction time, high conversion rate of p-cresol, good selectivity of 2-tertiary butyl-p-cresol, simpleness and convenience in operation, environmental protection and so on.
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-
Paragraph 0024; 0025
(2017/03/14)
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- Experimental Investigation on Upgrading of Lignin-Derived Bio-Oils: Kinetic Analysis of Anisole Conversion on Sulfided CoMo/Al2O3 Catalyst
-
Kinetics of the hydroprocessing of anisole, a compound representative of lignin-derived bio-oils, catalyzed by a commercial sulfided CoMo/Al2O3, was determined at 8–20 bar pressure and 573–673 K with a once-through flow reactor. The catalyst was sulfided in an atmosphere of H2 + H2S prior to the measurement of its performance. Selectivity-conversion data were used as a basis for determining an approximate, partially quantified reaction network showing that hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), hydrogenolysis, and alkylation reactions take place simultaneously. The data indicate that these reactions can be stopped at the point where HDO is virtually completed and hydrogenation reactions (and thus H2 consumption) are minimized. Phenol was the major product of the reactions, with direct deoxygenation of anisole to give benzene being kinetically almost insignificant under our conditions. We infer that the scission of the Cmethyl–O bond is more facile than the scission of the Caromatic–O bond, so that the HDO of anisole likely proceeds substantially through the reactive intermediate phenol to give transalkylation products such as 2-methylphenol. The data determine rates of formation of the major primary products. The data show that if oxygen removal is the main processing goal, higher temperatures and lower pressures are favored.
- Rahimpour, Hamid Reza,Saidi, Majid,Rostami, Parisa,Gates, Bruce C.,Rahimpour, Mohammad Reza
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p. 702 - 713
(2016/09/28)
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- Multi SO3H supported on carbon nanotubes: A practical, reusable, and regioselective catalysts for the tert-butylation of p-cresol under solvent-free conditions
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The present study describes the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of sulfonated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and sulfonated single-walled carbon nanotubes in the tert-butylation of p-cresol. The catalysts were prepared using a chemical and simple process and it characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and acid-base titration. The sulfonated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and sulfonated single-walled carbon nanotubes have been used as practical heterogeneous catalytic systems in the tert-butylation of p-cresol under solvent-free conditions. Sulfonated multi-walled carbon nanotubes with the highest total density of SO3H groups possessed high activity for p-cresol conversion and high selectivity than the sulfonated single-walled carbon nanotubes. This methodology offers some advantages of high selectivity, and high yields, easy work-up, solvent-free conditions, and reusable catalyst. Moreover, the catalytic system was used in scale-up under similar optimized reaction conditions.
- Fareghi-Alamdari, Reza,Golestanzadeh, Mohsen,Zekri, Negar,Mavedatpoor, Zeinab
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p. 537 - 549
(2015/03/05)
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- Synthesis, characterization and investigation of catalytic activity of Cu1-xCoxFe2O4 nanocatalysts in t-butylation of p-cresol
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In this work, tertiary butylation of p-cresol was carried out in the presence of Cu1-xCoxFe2O4 (x = 0 to 1) nanocatalysts by employing methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) as alkylation agents. Effects of temperature, mole ratio, type and catalyst composition, time and solvent in reaction conditions were investigated. These nanocatalysts were synthesized using hydrothermal method. The characterization of these catalysts was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). These nanocatalysts can be recovered and recycled. A good correlation was found between the activity, in terms of p-cresol conversion and various product selectivities for this reaction, and also the acid-base properties of the catalysts. Nano-sized Cu0.5Co0.5Fe 2O4, in comparison to the other nanocatalysts discussed in this report is the most active nanocatalyst. The only product of this reaction is 2-t-butyl p-cresol with selectivity of 100% and p-cresol conversion is 70%. The possible mechanism for this reaction system was discussed based on the reaction results. The reaction mechanism proposed involves the interaction of phenoxide from phenol and the tert-butyl cation from isobutene on Cu 1-xCoxFe2O4. Indian Academy of Sciences.
- Alamdari, Reza Fareghi,Hosseinabadi, Zahra,Khouzani, Masoud Farhadi
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p. 827 - 834
(2012/11/13)
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- LIQUID PHOSPHITE COMPOSITION DERIVED FROM META-CRESOLS
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A composition at least two different phosphites, one of which is derived from an alkylated m-cresol, wherein the composition is a liquid at ambient conditions. The other phosphites may be derived from alkylated cresol, alkylated phenol or other alkylated hydroxyaryl compounds. The cresol may be mono-alkylated or di-alkylated with a C1-C18 alkyl group.
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-
Page/Page column 35
(2011/02/24)
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- Alkylation of p-cresol with tert-butyl alcohol using benign Bronsted acidic ionic liquid catalyst
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Novel and environmentally benign Bronsted acidic ionic liquids with SO3-H functionality were prepared using N-methyl imidazole, pyridine, triethylamine and 1,4-butanesultone as the source chemicals. The prepared ionic liquid catalysts were characterized by NMR and their catalytic activity in tert-butylation of p-cresol with tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) was investigated. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, reactant mole ratio and the recyclability of the catalysts on the conversion of p-cresol and selectivity to 2-tert-butyl-p-cresol (TBC) and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (DTBC) called butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were investigated. Lower alcohol to p-cresol mole ratios, lower ionic liquid to p-cresol ratio and temperature as low as 70 °C gave 80% conversion of p-cresol. The catalyst activity was found to be almost completely retained even after 5 recycles. Extended Arrhenius equation was used to calculate the rate constants for this reaction.
- Kondamudi, Kishore,Elavarasan, Pandian,Dyson, Paul J.,Upadhyayula, Sreedevi
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experimental part
p. 34 - 41
(2010/08/19)
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- Chloroindate(iii) ionic liquids as catalysts for alkylation of phenols and catechol with alkenes
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Chloroindate(iii) ionic liquids are shown to be versatile catalysts for the alkylation of phenols with alkenes, giving high conversions to alkylated phenols with high selectivities.
- Gunaratne, H. Q. Nimal,Lotz, Tobias J.,Seddon, Kenneth R.
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scheme or table
p. 1821 - 1824
(2011/01/07)
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- Zirconia-modified superacid UDCaT-5: An efficient and versatile catalyst for alkylation reactions under solvent-free conditions
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UDCaT-5, a modified version of zirconia, efficiently catalyzes alkylation of phenols with alcohols under environmentally safe, heterogeneous reaction conditions with high selectivity and in excellent yields. The high content present in UDCaT-5 with preservation of tetragonal phase of zirconia was responsible for the superactivity. Several phenolic compounds carrying either electron-sulfer releasing or electron-withdrawing substituents in the ortho, meta, and para positions afforded high yields of the products. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Yadav, Ganapati D.,Pathre, Ganesh S.
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p. 2684 - 2691
(2008/12/22)
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- ALKYLATION OF HYDROXYARENES WITH OLEFINS, ALCOHOLS AND ETHERS IN IONIC LIQUIDS
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Hydroxyarenes are alkylated using an ionic liquid catalyst system with olefins, alcohols, or ethers as alkylating agents. The ionic liquid catalyst system comprises chloroindate (III) anions. The reactions may be conducted at moderate temperatures and pressures to yield commercially relevant alkylated hydroxyarene compounds.
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-
Page/Page column 21-22
(2008/06/13)
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- 2-Arylallyl as a new protecting group for amines, amides and alcohols
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Amines, amides and ethers containing 2-arylallyl groups are selectively and easily deprotected with tert-butyllithium. This transformation probably involves a carbolithiation reaction of the styrenyl moiety followed by a β-elimination process. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005.
- Barluenga, Jose,Fananas, Francisco J.,Sanz, Roberto,Marcos, Cesar,Ignacio, Jose M.
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p. 933 - 935
(2007/10/03)
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- Electrophilic Aromatic Alkylation by Hydroperoxides. Competition between Ionic and Radical Mechanisms with Phenols
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Tertiary hydroperoxides have been utilized for the electrophilic alkylation of activated aromatic substrates, particularly phenols and phenol ethers. Cumyl (1) and tert-butyl (2) hydroperoxides have shown a greatly different behavior as concerns the catalysis and the regioselectivity. The best catalyst for 1 is TiCl4, which is completely inactive with 2. With the latter an effective catalyst is FeCl3, which, however, can give rise to a combination of electrophilic and radical reactions with alkyl phenols. 2,2′-Dihydroxy-3,3′-di-tert-butyl-5,5′-dimethyldiphenyl is obtained in high yields from p-cresol.
- Liguori, Lucia,Bjorsvik, Hans-Rene,Fontana, Francesca,Bosco, Dino,Galimberti, Laura,Minisci, Francesco
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p. 8812 - 8815
(2007/10/03)
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- A novel protecting group for hindered phenols
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Boc2O and DMAP were used to protect hindered phenols as their Boc derivatives under mild conditions. Deprotection conditions were developed to suppress loss of a tert-butyl group from the aromatic ring, or alkylation of an additional tert-butyl group at an unsubstituted ortho or para position.
- Hansen, Marvin M.,Riggs, Jennifer R.
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p. 2705 - 2706
(2007/10/03)
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- Study of the thermo-oxidative stability and antioxidant effectiveness of bisphenols of different structure
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The thermo-oxidative stability and antioxidant effectiveness of bisphenols obtained by the condensation of 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol with C1-C5 aldehydes of aliphatic series have been studied for the first time. It has been established that these features of synthesized bisphenols depend on the structure of the hydrocarbon "bridge" between the phenyl groups, and their oxidation proceeds according to the laws governing the process of liquid-phase oxidation. It has been shown that the degradation of the investigated series of bisphenols is described by a kinetic equation with an order of the reaction of 1·25n and Ea = 74·4 kJ/mole.
- Gorodetskii,Galich,Bogdanov
-
-
- Selective dealkylation of alkylphenols on metal sulphates and hydrosulphates
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An investigation has been made of the physicochemical and catalytic properties of metal sulphates and hydrosulphates and of supported metal sulphates and hydrosulphates in the selective monodealkylation of phenols. It was established that water molecules and the nature of the metal cation in the sulphates determine their catalytic properties. The mechanism of the reaction was found.
- Gorodetskii,Galich
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p. 144 - 154
(2007/10/03)
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- A mild palladium(II) catalyzed desilylation of phenolic t-butyldimethylsilyl ethers
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A variety of phenolic t-butyldimethylsilyl ethers are easily removed in good to excellent yields by treatment with 5 mol% PdCl2(CH3CN)2 in refluxing acetone containing 5 equivalents of water.
- Wilson, Noel S.,Keay, Brian A.
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p. 153 - 156
(2007/10/02)
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- Reactions of Phenols with Thianthrene Cation Radical
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The phenols 2-R1-6-R2-phenol 1a-g in which R1 = R2 = tert-butyl, methyl, isopropyl, Cl, Br, F, and H reacted with thianthrene cation radical perchlorate (TH+ClO4-) to give 5-(4-hydroxyaryl)thianthreniumyl perchlorates 2a-g in good yield. o-Allylphenol (1i) behaved similarly. o-tert-Butylphenol (1h) gave both 5-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)thianthreniumyl perchlorate (2h) and a quinonoidal perchlorate (3), namely, 5-(3-thianthreniumyl-5-tert-butyl-6-oxo-2,4-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)-5,5-dihydrothianthrene perchlorate.The 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-R3-phenols 4a-c, R3 = tert-butyl, methoxy, and methyl, reacted with Th+ClO4- in nitrile solvents (RCN) to give 2-R-5-R3-7-tert-butylbenzoxazoles 5a-e.The tert-butyl group that was displaced by RCN in forming 5 was converted into t-BuNHCOR (8), tert-butyl alcohol, and isobutene.In contrast, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol (9) gave, in CH3CN, 4-tert-butyl-2,5,7-trimethylbenzoxazole (11), that is, with migration of the displaced tert-butyl group.The reactions of 4-tert-butylphenol (14) and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (17) are also described.
- Shin, Seung-Rim,Shine, Henry J.
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p. 2706 - 2710
(2007/10/02)
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- Method for producing hydroxy-containing alkylated aromatic compounds
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Process for producing hydroxy-containing alkylated aromatic compounds by the liquid phase reaction of an aromatic compound having at least one hydroxyl group with an alkylating agent in the presence of a heteropoly acid and water.
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- THE 2,2'-SPIROBICHROMAN - 1,1'-SPIROBIINDAN-4,4'-DIOL REARRANGEMENT. II
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The reaction of 2,2'-spirobichroman derivatives with either hydrobromic acid in the acetic acid solution or aluminum chloride in the chlorobenzene solution yielded 1,1'-spirobiindan-4,4'-diol analogues.The reaction is peculiar as compared with the reaction of alkyl aryl ethers with the same reagents in the same media.
- Tanaka, Tsuguo,Miyaguchi, Masao,Mochisuki, Rosalina K.,Tanaka, Senichiro,Okamoto, Masaya,et al.
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p. 463 - 484
(2007/10/02)
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- Catalysts for alkoxylation reactions
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Catalysts producing a sharply peaked alkoxylation distribution during the alkoxylation of organic materials comprise mixtures of BF3 and metal alkyls or metal alkoxides, SiF4 and metal alkyls or metal alkoxides, or mixtures of these catalysts.
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- Methods of alkoxylation
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Catalysts comprising mixtures of HF and metal alkoxides and mixed metal alkoxides produce a sharply peaked alkoxylation distribution during the alkoxylation of organic materials.
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- REACTIVITY OF 2,4- AND 2,6-DIALKYLPHENOLS DURING SUBSTITUTION BY WEAK ELECTROPHILIC AGENTS
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The 2,4- and 2,6-dialkylphenols have different reactivities during substitution by weak electrophiles. 2,4-Dialkylphenols enter readily into acid-catalyzed alkylation and condensation with aldehydes, and their reactivity is practically independent of the structure of the alkyl substituents. 2,6-Dialkylphenols have significantly lower reactivity in these reactions, while sterically hindered 2,6-dialkylphenols hardly react at all with alkenes and aldehydes under the conditions of acid catalysis.This is evidently due to weakening of the interaction between the hydroxyl group and the aromatic ring in the conjugation mechanism.
- Gurvich, Ya. A.,Kumok, S. T.,Starikova, O. F.,Styskin, E. L.
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p. 371 - 375
(2007/10/02)
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- Catalysts for alkoxylation reactions
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Catalysts and a method of using said catalysts for the alkoxylation of a variety of materials is disclosed. Catalysts so described produce alkoxylates having a very sharp alkoxylate distribution. The catalysts are supported and unsupported dialkoxy and dialkyl metal fluorides and halides and alkyl metal difluorides and dihalides.
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- THERMAL DE-TERT-BUTYLATION OF 2,6-DI-TERT-BUTYLPHENOL AND ITS DERIVATIVES
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When heated at 270-300 deg C, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and its 4-alkyl, 4-(chloroalkyl), 4-(hydroxyalkyl), and 4-(methoxycarbonyl) derivatives give the corresponding unsubstituted and 4-substituted 2-tert-butylphenols.Removal of the two tert-butyl groups from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is observed at temperatures above 300 deg C.
- Kun, O. B.,Nogina, N. I.,Ostashevskaya, L. A.,Egorov, E. M.,Kuzubova, L. I.,Krysin, A. P.
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p. 2375 - 2378
(2007/10/02)
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- The Equilibirum in the Dealkylation of o-t-Butyl-p-cresol
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The equilibrium in the dealkylation of t-butyl-p-cresols at atmospheric pressure in the gas phase has been investigated in a tubular flow-type isothermal reactor on a zeolite-containing catalyst.The standard enthalpy of formation o-t-butyl-p-cresol has been calculated from experimental data.
- Verevkin, S. P.,Nesterova, T. N.,Rozhnov, A. M.
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-
- Preparation of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde derivatives
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A 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde derivative of the formula: STR1 wherein each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atoms, lower alkyl groups or lower alkoxy groups, which is useful as intermediate for the production of medicines or agricultural chemicals, or as flavor, is produced by the reaction of a p-cresol derivative of the formula: STR2 wherein each of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is as defined above, with oxygen or oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a base and a catalytic amount of cobalt compound or metallic cobalt.
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- Trans-substitution and equilibration of phenols. Part IV. The influence of various catalysts on the trans-tert-butylation reaction of phenols; mechanistic aspects
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The trans-tert-butylation reaction by 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol has been studied for a number of phenols in the presence of different catalysts.Equilibria, as well as reaction kinetics, have been investigated.The mechanism involves the intermediacy of a tert-butyl ether.This mechanism is supported both by the kinetics and the initially high ortho/para ratio as well as by the reversed substituent effect.
- Willemse, F. R. J.,Kooyman, E. C.,Lamoen, H. B. van,Vos, D. de,Wolters, J.
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p. 206 - 209
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for the production of 2-aryl-2H-benzotriazoles
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A process for the production of 2-aryl-2H-benzotriazoles comprises reducing and cyclizing the corresponding o-nitroazobenzenes with hydrogen at a temperature in the range of about 20° C. to about 100° C. and at a pressure in the range of about 15 psia (1 atmosphere) to about 1000 psia (66 atmospheres) in an alkaline medium at a pH over 10 in the presence of a nickel catalyst, preferably molybdenum-promoted Raney nickel. High yields of pure product are obtained directly with a concomitant reduction of undesired by-product and a reduction in effluent pollution problems.
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- Process for the production of 2-aryl-2H-benzotriazoles
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A process for the production of 2-aryl-2H-benzotriazoles comprises reducing and cyclizing the corresponding o-nitroazobenzenes with hydrogen at a temperature in the range of about 20° C. to about 100° C. and at a pressure in the range of about 15 psia (1 atmosphere) to about 1000 psia (66 atmospheres) in an organic solvent mixture containing an organic amine at a pH over 10 in the presence of noble metal hydrogenation catalyst, preferably palladium. High yields of pure product are obtained with a concomitant reduction of undesired by-products and a reduction in effluent pollution problems.
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- Process for the production of 2-aryl-2H-benzotriazoles
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A process for the production of 2-aryl-2H-benzotriazoles comprises reducing and cyclizing the corresponding o-nitroazobenzenes with carbon monoxide at a temperature in the range of about 20° C. to about 150° C. and at a pressure in the range of about 15 psia (1 atmosphere) to about 1000 psia (66 atmospheres) in an alkaline medium at a pH over 10 in the presence of a copper-amine complex catalyst. High yields of pure product are obtained with a concomitant reduction of undesired by-products and a reduction in effluent pollution problems.
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- Process for the production of 2-aryl-2H-benzotriazoles
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An improved process for the production of 2-aryl-2H-benzotriazoles by the reduction of o-nitroazobenzene intermediates with zinc in alkaline medium comprises employing a ratio of moles of alkali to moles of o-nitroazobenzene intermediate in the range of 0.2-1.7/1 in the presence of less than 150 ppm of iron based on zinc used. The improved process results in higher yields of high purity products with a concomitant reduction in the amount of undesired cleavage amine by-products and a reduction in effluent pollution problems. The process is carried out in a polar/non-polar solvent mixture.
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- Phenol transalkylation process
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Phenols having an unsubstituted ortho position are transalkylated in the ortho position by mixing them with an ortho-alpha-branched alkylphenol (e.g., 2,6-di-sec-butylphenol) and an aluminum phenoxide catalyst and heating the mixture to 100°-350°C., preferably in a closed system and in the presence of olefin corresponding in structure to the ortho-alpha-branched alkyl group.
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