- Synthesis of the 26-Membered Core of Thiopeptide Natural Products by Scalable Thiazole-Forming Reactions of Cysteine Derivatives and Nitriles
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The increased resistance of bacteria to clinical antibiotics is one of the major dilemmas facing human health and without solutions the problem will grow exponentially worse. Thiopeptide natural products have shown promising antibiotic activities and provide an opportunity for the development of a new class of antibiotics. Attempts to directly translate these compounds into human medicine have been limited due to poor physiochemical properties. The synthesis of the core structure of the 26-membered class of thiopeptide natural products is reported using chemistry that enables the synthesis of large quantities of synthetic intermediates and the common core structure. The use of cysteine/nitrile condensation reactions followed by oxidation to generate thiazoles has been key in enabling large academic scale reactions that in many instances avoided chromatography further aiding in accessing large amounts of key synthetic intermediates.
- Johnson, Trevor C.,Christy, Mitchell P.,Siegel, Dionicio
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Read Online
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of CF3Se-Substituted α-Amino Acid Derivatives
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Several CF3Se-substituted α-amino acid derivatives, such as (R)-2-amino-3-((trifluoromethyl)selanyl)propanoates (5 a/6 a), (S)-2-amino-4-((trifluoromethyl)selanyl)butanoates (5 b/6 b), (2R,3R)-2-amino-3-((trifluoromethyl)selanyl)butanoates (5 c/6 c), (R)-2-((S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanamido)-3-((trifluoromethyl)selanyl)propanoates (11 a/12 a), and (R)-2-(2-aminoacetamido)-3-((trifluoromethyl)selanyl)propanoates (11 b/12 b), were readily synthesized from natural amino acids and [Me4N][SeCF3]. The primary in vitro cytotoxicity assays revealed that compounds 6 a, 11 a and 12 a were more effective cell growth inhibitors than the other tested CF3Se-substituted derivatives towards MCF-7, HCT116, and SK-OV-3 cells, with their IC50 values being less than 10 μM for MCF-7 and HCT116 cells. This study indicated the potentials of CF3Se moiety as a pharmaceutically relevant group in the design and synthesis of novel biologically active molecules.
- Han, Zhou-Zhou,Dong, Tao,Ming, Xiao-Xia,Kuang, Fu,Zhang, Cheng-Pan
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supporting information
p. 3177 - 3180
(2021/07/28)
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- Accessing HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors through Visible-Light-Mediated Sequential Photocatalytic Decarboxylative Radical Conjugate Addition-Elimination-Oxa-Michael Reactions
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A photocatalytic decarboxylative radical conjugate addition-elimination-oxa-Michael reaction of hydroxyalkylated carboxylic acids with cyclopentenones is developed to construct diverse cyclopentanonyl-fused functionalized 5-7 membered cyclic ethers. The stereoselective synthetic strategy is amenable to substructural variation, establishing a direct total synthetic route to two diastereomers of C3-amino cyclopentyltetrahydrofuranyl-derived potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors with low nanomolar IC50 values.
- Bhattacharyya, Aditya,Krolo, Tomislav,Reiser, Oliver
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supporting information
p. 6283 - 6287
(2021/08/23)
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- KCNT1 INHIBITORS AND METHODS OF USE
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The present invention is directed to, in part, compounds and compositions useful for preventing and/or treating a neurological disease or disorder, a disease or condition relating to excessive neuronal excitability, and/or a gain-of-function mutation in a gene (e.g., KCNT1). Methods of treating a neurological disease or disorder, a disease or condition relating to excessive neuronal excitability, and/or a gain-of-function mutation in a gene such as KCNT1 are also provided herein.
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Paragraph 000570
(2020/11/23)
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- Optimization of globomycin analogs as novel gram-negative antibiotics
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Discovery of novel classes of Gram-negative antibiotics with activity against multi-drug resistant infections is a critical unmet need. As an essential member of the lipoprotein biosynthetic pathway, lipoprotein signal peptidase II (LspA) is an attractive target for antibacterial drug discovery, with the natural product inhibitor globomycin offering a modestly-active starting point. Informed by structure-based design, the globomycin depsipeptide was optimized to improve activity against E. coli. Backbone modifications, together with adjustment of physicochemical properties, afforded potent compounds with good in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles. Optimized compounds such as 51 (E. coli MIC 3.1 μM) and 61 (E. coli MIC 0.78 μM) demonstrate broad spectrum activity against gram-negative pathogens and may provide opportunities for future antibiotic discovery.
- Braun, Marie-Gabrielle,Burdick, Daniel J.,Castanedo, Georgette M.,Chen, Yi-Chen,Cheng, Yun-Xing,Cheong, Jonathan,Daniels, Blake,Deshmukh, Gauri,Fu, Yuhong,Garland, Keira,Gibbons, Paul,Gloor, Susan L.,Hanan, Emily J.,Hua, Rongbao,Kapadia, Sharookh B.,Labadie, Sharada,Liu, Xiongcai,Pantua, Homer,Pastor, Richard,Stivala, Craig,Xu, Min,Xu, Yiming,Zheng, Hao
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supporting information
(2020/08/13)
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- CYCLIC PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTICS
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Provided herein are antibacterial compounds, wherein the compounds in some embodiments have broad spectrum bioactivity. In various embodiments, the compounds act by inhibition of lipoprotein signal peptidase II (LspA), a key protein in bacteria. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treatment using the compounds described herein are also provided.
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Paragraph 00171
(2020/09/27)
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- Synthesis of the Siderophore Coelichelin and Its Utility as a Probe in the Study of Bacterial Metal Sensing and Response
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A convergent total synthesis of the siderophore coelichelin is described. The synthetic route also provided access to acetyl coelichelin and other congeners of the parent siderophore. The synthetic products were evaluated for their ability to bind ferric iron and promote growth of a siderophore-deficient strain of the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa under iron restriction conditions. The results of these studies indicate coelichelin and several derivatives serve as ferric iron delivery vehicles for P. aeruginosa.
- Williams, Jade C.,Sheldon, Jessica R.,Imlay, Hunter D.,Dutter, Brendan F.,Draelos, Matthew M.,Skaar, Eric P.,Sulikowski, Gary A.
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supporting information
p. 679 - 682
(2019/02/07)
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- CYCLIC PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTICS
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Provided herein are antibacterial compounds, wherein the compounds in some embodiments have broad spectrum bioactivity. In various embodiments, the compounds act by inhibition of lipoprotein signal peptidase II (LspA), a key protein in bacteria. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treatment using the compounds described herein are also provided.
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Paragraph 00300
(2019/04/11)
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- L-threonine-linked dihydroartemisinin-fluoroquinolone conjugates, intermediates thereof, and preparation methods and uses of conjugates and intermediates
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The invention discloses L-threonine-linked dihydroartemisinin-fluoroquinolone conjugates represented by formula I, intermediates represented by formula II, preparation methods of the compounds of formula I and formula II, and uses of the compounds of the formula I in the preparation of drugs for resisting mycobacterium tuberculosis or/and drugs for lowering blood lipids.
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Paragraph 0054-0057
(2019/12/08)
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- Chemical synthesis and functional characterization of a new class of ceramide analogues as anti-cancer agents
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Deregulation of ceramide metabolism is a hallmark of human cancer. Ceramide analogues thereby represent a new class of anti-cancer agents. We aimed at developing effective and low toxic ceramide analogues and synthesized a new class of ceramide analogues starting from L-threonine. Several analogues exhibit potent cytotoxicity against human cancer cells in vitro with IC50 as low as 4.8 μM. These ceramide analogues decreased xIAP and Bcl-xL level and exhibited significant sensitization activity to overcome human cancer cell resistance to TRAIL, a cancer-selective agent that are being tested in human clinical trials. Furthermore, we determined that these ceramide analogues effectively suppress human cancer xenograft growth in vivo with no significant toxicity at the efficacious dose. Therefore, we have developed a simple and effective method to synthesize functional ceramide analogues using L-threonine as starting material and these analogues have the great potential to be further developed as anti-cancer agents in human cancer therapy.
- Liu, Qianqian,Li, Xia,Bao, Yong-Sheng,Lu, Jingxin,Li, Hua,Huang, Zhizhen,Liu, Feiyan
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p. 1489 - 1496
(2019/03/04)
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- SPIRO-LACTAM NMDA RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF
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Disclosed are compounds having potency in the modulation of NMDA receptor activity. Such compounds can be used in the treatment of conditions such as depression and related disorders as well as other disorders.
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Page/Page column 38-39
(2019/08/26)
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- Total Synthesis of Plusbacin A3 and Its Dideoxy Derivative Using a Solvent-Dependent Diastereodivergent Joullié-Ugi Three-Component Reaction
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Full details of our synthetic studies toward plusbacin A3 (1), which is a depsipeptide with antibacterial activity, and its dideoxy derivative are described. To establish an efficient synthetic route of 1, a solvent-dependent diastereodivergent Joullié-Ugi three-component reaction (JU-3CR) was used to construct trans-Pro(3-OH) in a small number of steps. Two strategies were investigated toward the total synthesis. In the first synthetic strategy, the key steps were the trans-selective JU-3CR and a macrolactonization at the final stage of the synthesis. The JU-3CR using alkyl isocyanides in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol provided the trans products, and the coupling of the fragments to prepare the macrocyclization precursor proceeded smoothly. However, attempts toward the macrolactonization did not provide the desired product. Then, the second strategy that included esterification in an initial stage was investigated. Methods for constructing trans-Pro(3-OH) were examined using a convertible isocyanide, which could be converted to a carboxylic acid required for the following amidation. Ester bond formation was achieved through an intermolecular coupling using a hydroxyl-Asp derivative and the corresponding alcohol, and the amidation afforded a linear depsipeptide. The macrolactamization of the linear peptide gave the cyclic depsipeptide, and then the global deprotection accomplished the total synthesis of 1 and its dideoxy derivative.
- Katsuyama, Akira,Yakushiji, Fumika,Ichikawa, Satoshi
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p. 7085 - 7101
(2018/07/15)
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- Synthesis of macrocyclic precursors of the vioprolides
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The vioprolides are novel depsipeptides that have not been synthesized. However, they have been identified as important targets for synthesis because of their novel biological activities and challenging chemical structures. Following early work on the synthesis of a modified tetrapeptide that contained both the (E)-dehydrobutyrine and thiazoline components of vioprolide D, problems were encountered in taking an (E)-dehydrobutyrine containing intermediate further into the synthesis. A second approach to vioprolides and analogues was therefore investigated in which (E)- and (Z)-dehydrobutyrines were to be introduced by selenoxide elimination very late in the synthesis. A convergent approach to advanced macrocyclic precursors of the vioprolides was then completed using a modified hexapeptide and a dipeptidyl glycerate. In this work, it was necessary to protect the 2-hydroxyl group of the glycerate as its acetate and not as its 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonate. Preliminary studies were carried out on the introduction of the required dehydrobutyrine and thiazoline components into advanced intermediates.
- Butler, Eibhlin,Florentino, Lucia,Cornut, Damien,Gomez-Campillos, Gonzalo,Liu, Hao,Regan, Andrew C.,Thomas, Eric J.
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supporting information
p. 6935 - 6960
(2018/10/17)
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- Heteroatom-Interchanged Isomers of Lissoclinamide 5: Copper(II) Complexation, Halide Binding, and Biological Activity
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Cyclic peptides, especially those produced by marine cyanobacteria symbionts, are considered to play an important ecological role in host defence. Chemists have long compared the cyclic peptide cavitand architecture with that of macrocyclic ligands, and proposed that they mediate metal-ion transport. The study presented herein investigated the metal chelation of non-natural heteroatom-interchanged (HI) isomers of lissoclinamide 5, by using MS, EPR, and DFT calculations. The latter identified three possible structures for the CuII complex with natural lissoclinamide 5, with the most likely determined to be that with the metal ion bound through the nitrogen donors of the thiazoles and one deprotonated amide. For HI-lissoclinamide 5 the calculations suggest that the CuII ion is bound in a bidentate manner by the oxazoline nitrogen atom and one deprotonated amide nitrogen atom, with the S donor of the thiazole not involved in coordination. Along with evidence of copper binding these systems also bound halide ions. Evaluation of the anti-cancer properties demonstrated that the biological activity of HI-lissoclinamide 5 against T24 bladder cells was eleven-fold lower as compared to natural lissoclinamide 5. Addition of a CuII salt had no effect on the activity of lissoclinamide 5. Overall, this comprehensive study of the HI concept has demonstrated that small changes propagate dramatic effects in complexation, halide binding, and biological activity.
- Xie, Sida,Savchenko, Andrei I.,Kerscher, Marion,Grange, Rebecca L.,Krenske, Elizabeth H.,Harmer, Jeffrey R.,Bauer, Michelle J.,Broit, Natasa,Watters, Dianne J.,Boyle, Glen M.,Bernhardt, Paul V.,Parsons, Peter G.,Comba, Peter,Gahan, Lawrence R.,Williams, Craig M.
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supporting information
p. 1465 - 1476
(2018/04/06)
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- SPIRO-LACTAM NMDA MODULATORS AND METHODS OF USING SAME
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Disclosed are compounds having potency in the modulation of NMDA receptor activity. Such compounds can be used in the treatment of conditions such as depression and related disorders. Orally delivered formulations and other pharmaceutically acceptable delivery forms of the compounds, including intravenous formulations, are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 46; 50
(2018/03/28)
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- SPIRO-LACTAM NMDA RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF
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Disclosed are compounds having potency in the modulation of NMDA receptor activity. Such compounds can be used in the treatment of conditions such as depression and related disorders. Orally delivered formulations and other pharmaceutically acceptable delivery forms of the compounds, including intravenous formulations, are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 62-63
(2018/03/09)
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- Synthesis and bioactivities study of new antibacterial peptide mimics: The dialkyl cationic amphiphiles
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The emergence of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria is widespread. Therefore, it is urgently required to enhance the development of novel antimicrobial agents with high antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. A series of novel dialkyl cationic amphiphiles bearing two identical length lipophilic alkyl chains and one non-peptidic amide bond were synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Particular compounds synthesized showed excellent antibacterial activity toward drug-sensitive bacteria such as S. aureus, E. faecalis, E. coli and S. enterica, and clinical isolates of drug-resistant species such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), KPC-producing and NDM-1-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). For example, the MIC values of the best compound 4g ranged from 0.5 to 2 μg/mL against all these strains. Moreover, these small molecules acted rapidly as bactericidal agents, and functioned primarily by permeabilization and depolarization of bacterial membranes. Importantly, these compounds were difficult to induce bacterial resistance and can potentially combat drug-resistant bacteria. Thus, these compounds can be developed into a new class of antibacterial peptide mimics against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including drug-resistant bacterial strains.
- Zhang, En,Bai, Peng-Yan,Cui, De-Yun,Chu, Wen-Chao,Hua, Yong-Gang,Liu, Qin,Yin, Hai-Yang,Zhang, Yong-Jie,Qin, Shangshang,Liu, Hong-Min
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p. 1489 - 1509
(2017/11/13)
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- SPIRO-LACTAM AND BIS-SPIRO-LACTAM NMDA RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF
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Disclosed are compounds having potency in the modulation of NMDA receptor activity. Such compounds can be used in the treatment of conditions such as depression and related disorders. Orally delivered formulations and other pharmaceutically acceptable delivery forms of the compounds, including intravenous formulations, are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 99
(2018/03/28)
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- Inversion of the Side-Chain Stereochemistry of Indvidual Thr or Ile Residues in a Protein Molecule: Impact on the Folding, Stability, and Structure of the ShK Toxin
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ShK toxin is a cysteine-rich 35-residue protein ion-channel ligand isolated from the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus. In this work, we studied the effect of inverting the side chain stereochemistry of individual Thr or Ile residues on the properties of the ShK protein. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to calculate the free energy cost of inverting the side-chain stereochemistry of individual Thr or Ile residues. Guided by the computational results, we used chemical protein synthesis to prepare three ShK polypeptide chain analogues, each containing either an allo-Thr or an allo-Ile residue. The three allo-Thr or allo-Ile-containing ShK polypeptides were able to fold into defined protein products, but with different folding propensities. Their relative thermal stabilities were measured and were consistent with the MD simulation data. Structures of the three ShK analogue proteins were determined by quasi-racemic X-ray crystallography and were similar to wild-type ShK. All three ShK analogues retained ion-channel blocking activity.
- Dang, Bobo,Shen, Rong,Kubota, Tomoya,Mandal, Kalyaneswar,Bezanilla, Francisco,Roux, Benoit,Kent, Stephen B. H.
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supporting information
p. 3324 - 3328
(2017/03/17)
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- Total Synthesis and Antibacterial Investigation of Plusbacin A3
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The total synthesis of plusbacin A3 (1) has been accomplished using a solvent-dependent diastereodivergent Joullié-Ugi three-component reaction (JU-3CR) as a key step. Two trans-3-hydroxy-l-proline residues were constructed by combining the JU-3CR with a convertible isocyanide strategy. Subsequent peptide coupling and macrolactamization afforded plusbacin A3. Investigating the antibacterial activity of 1 compared with that of its dideoxy analogue revealed that the threo-β-hydroxyaspartic acid residues are essential for antibacterial activity. Notably, there is a low potential for the development of resistance in S. aureus against plusbacin A3.
- Katsuyama, Akira,Paudel, Atmika,Panthee, Suresh,Hamamoto, Hiroshi,Kawakami, Toru,Hojo, Hironobu,Yakushiji, Fumika,Ichikawa, Satoshi
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supporting information
p. 3771 - 3774
(2017/07/26)
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- SPIRO-LACTAM NMDA RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF
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Disclosed are compounds having enhanced potency in the modulation of NMDA receptor activity. Such compounds can be used in the treatment of conditions such as depression and related disorders. Orally available formulations and other pharmaceutically acceptable delivery forms of the compounds, including intravenous formulations, are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 32
(2017/12/15)
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- SPIRO-LACTAM NMDA RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF
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Disclosed are compounds having enhanced potency in the modulation of NMDA receptor activity. Such compounds are contemplated for use in the treatment of conditions such as depression and related disorders. Orally available formulations and other pharmaceutically acceptable delivery forms of the compounds, including intravenous formulations, are also disclosed. Formula (I).
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Page/Page column 26; 31; 33
(2017/12/16)
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- Chiral enantiopure organosilane precursors for the synthesis of periodic mesoporous organosilicas
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The manuscript describes synthesis of new chiral organosilica networks starting from modified readily available enantiopure substances such as sugars and amino acids. We report on the successful preparation of robust all-chiral organosilicas by polymerization of the homochiral monomers. When the homochiral organosilane monomers were polymerized in mixtures of polar organic solvents and water in the presence of hydrochloric acid or tetrabutylammonium fluoride as catalysts, mainly spherical microparticles were obtained due to emulsification of the hydrophobic monomers in these mixtures. Polycondensation of the chiral organosilanes in the presence of Pluronic P123 as a template produced ordered mesoporous networks. The new all-chiral materials were characterized by SEM, STEM, BET, SAXS, IR, NMR and TGA.
- Cohen, Orit,Abu-Reziq, Raed,Gelman, Dmitri
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p. 1675 - 1685
(2017/11/17)
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- Aztreonam primary ring synthesis method
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The invention discloses a synthesis method of an aztreonam main ring, which comprises the following steps: by using L-threonine as a raw material, carrying out amino protection, converting carboxyl group into amido sulfonic acid, carrying out cyclization reaction, and finally deprotecting to obtain the aztreonam main ring. The method is simple to operate and lower in cost, and the total yield is 48.7%. The produced aztreonam main ring is white solid powder, the specific rotatory power is -45 degrees, and the HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) purity is 98.5% above. The quality of the product is high, and thus, the method is suitable for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0013; 0029-0034
(2017/08/25)
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- LANTHANIDE CLUSTERS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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The present invention is directed to multinuclear lanthanides chiral clusters, based on phenyl-oxazoline-amide (POxA) ligands, and to methods of use thereof. The chiral clusters of this invention are highly fluorescent with high stability.
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Paragraph 0229; 0230
(2016/01/30)
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- Paliperidone amino acid ester and its preparation method
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The invention discloses a preparation method of a paliperidone amino-acid ester compound or medicinal salt thereof used for treating mental disease, wherein the structural formula of the compound is shown as a formula (I) (described in the specification). The compound can be an optical isomer and also can be a racemic mixture. The paliperidone amino-acid ester can be metabolized and converted into paliperidone (II) with pharmacological activity in vivo after being ingested in a human body, the paliperidone (II) is taken as an antagonist for neurotransmission substance to play a pesticide effect, and the paliperidone (II) is used for treating related mental diseases such as schizophrenia.
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Paragraph 0043; 0044; 0045
(2017/01/12)
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- Design, synthesis, and in vitro antiplasmodial activity of 4-aminoquinolines containing modified amino acid conjugates
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Abstract: A new series of side chain-modified 4-aminoquinolines were synthesized and screened for in vitro antiplasmodial activity against both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Among the series, compounds 30 and 31 showed significant inhibition of parasite growth against K1 strain of P. falciparum with IC50 values 0.28 and 0.31?μM, respectively, whereas compounds 34, 35, and 38 exhibited superior activity against K1 strain with IC50 values 0.18, 0.22, and 0.17?μM, respectively, as compared to 0.255?μM for chloroquine (CQ). All the compounds displayed good resistance factor between 1.54 and >34.48 as against 51.0 for CQ. All these analogues were found to form strong complex with hematin and inhibited the β-hematin formation in vitro, suggesting that this class of compounds act on a heme polymerization target. Overall results suggest that present series of compounds appear to be promising for further lead optimization to obtain compounds active against drug-resistant parasites. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Srinivasarao, Kondaparla,Agarwal, Pooja,Srivastava, Kumkum,Haq,Puri, Sunil K.,Katti
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p. 1148 - 1162
(2016/07/06)
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- Total syntheses of linear polythiazole/oxazole plantazolicin A and its biosynthetic precursor plantazolicin B
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Plantazolicin A, a linear decacyclic natural product, exhibits desirable selective activity against the causative agent of anthrax toxicity. The total synthesis of plantazolicin A and its biosynthetic precursor plantazolicin B was successfully achieved by an efficient, unified, and highly convergent route featuring dicyclizations to form 2,4-concatenated oxazoles and the mild synthesis of thiazoles from natural amino acids. This report represents the first synthesis of plantazolicin B and includes the first complete characterization data for both natural products.
- Wilson, Zoe E.,Fenner, Sabine,Ley, Steven V.
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supporting information
p. 1284 - 1288
(2015/01/30)
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- Structure-activity relationships of lysophosphatidylserine analogs as agonists of G-protein-coupled receptors GPR34, P2Y10, and GPR174
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Lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) is an endogenous lipid mediator generated by hydrolysis of membrane phospholipid phosphatidylserine. Recent ligand screening of orphan G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) identified two LysoPS-specific human GPCRs, namely, P2Y10 (LPS2) and GPR174 (LPS3), which, together with previously reported GPR34 (LPS1), comprise a LysoPS receptor family. Herein, we examined the structure-activity relationships of a series of synthetic LysoPS analogues toward these recently deorphanized LysoPS receptors, based on the idea that LysoPS can be regarded as consisting of distinct modules (fatty acid, glycerol, and l-serine) connected by phosphodiester and ester linkages. Starting from the endogenous ligand (1-oleoyl-LysoPS, 1), we optimized the structure of each module and the ester linkage. Accordingly, we identified some structural requirements of each module for potency and for receptor subtype selectivity. Further assembly of individually structure-optimized modules yielded a series of potent and LysoPS receptor subtype-selective agonists, particularly for P2Y10 and GPR174.
- Ikubo, Masaya,Inoue, Asuka,Nakamura, Sho,Jung, Sejin,Sayama, Misa,Otani, Yuko,Uwamizu, Akiharu,Suzuki, Keisuke,Kishi, Takayuki,Shuto, Akira,Ishiguro, Jun,Okudaira, Michiyo,Kano, Kuniyuki,Makide, Kumiko,Aoki, Junken,Ohwada, Tomohiko
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supporting information
p. 4204 - 4219
(2015/06/08)
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- PYRIDOMYCIN BASED COMPOUNDS EXHIBITING AN ANTITUBERCULAR ACTIVITY
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Formula (1), X1 represents O or NR6, X2 represents O or NR6, X3 represents O or NR1, R1 represents H or C1 to C3 alkyl, R2 represents H, or linear or branched C1-C8 alkyl optionally including one or more heteroatoms, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl or oxetanyl or amino acid side chain or protected amino acid side chain, or R1 and R2 may form together a saturated, partly saturated or unsaturated 5 or 6 membered ring system, optionally substituted, R3 represents H, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, aryl or hydroxyaryl, aryl or hydroxyaryl being optionally substituted by fluorine, or linear or branched C1 to C8 alkyl optionally including a hetero atom, R4 represents phenyl or 5- or 6-membered heterocycles including one or more nitrogen or oxygen atoms optionally substituted with 1 to 4, respectively 5 fluorine atoms, and R6 represents H, or linear or branched alkyl chain having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
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Paragraph 0134-0142
(2015/10/05)
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- SPIRO-LACTAM NMDA RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF
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Disclosed are compounds having enhanced potency in the modulation of NMD A receptor activity. Such compounds are contemplated for use in the treatment of conditions such as depression and related disorders. Orally available formulations and other pharmaceutically acceptable delivery forms of the compounds, including intravenous formulations, are also disclosed.
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Paragraph 00104
(2014/08/19)
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- An enantioselective recyclable polystyrene-supported threonine-derived organocatalyst for aldol reactions
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A series of primary amino acids covalently supported onto polystyrene through alkyne-azide cycloaddition reactions has been synthesized and evaluated as catalysts in asymmetric aldol reactions. A polymer-supported threonine behaves as an easily recyclable, highly reactive and stereoselective (up to 99% ee) catalyst in the aldol reaction of both cyclic and acyclic ketone donors with aromatic aldehydes in aqueous environments. While cyclic ketones react with anti diastereoselectivity, syn adducts are predominantly obtained with acyclic substrates. The heterogenized threonine catalyst has been used for the sequential synthesis of a small library of enantiopure aldol products.
- Henseler, Andrea H.,Ayats, Carles,Pericas, Miquel A.
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supporting information
p. 1795 - 1802
(2014/06/09)
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- SPIRO-LACTAM NMDA RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF
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Disclosed are compounds having enhanced potency in the modulation of NMD A receptor activity. Such compounds are contemplated for use in the treatment of conditions such as depression and related disorders. Orally available formulations and other pharmaceutically acceptable delivery forms of the compounds, including intravenous formulations, are also disclosed.
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Paragraph 0092
(2014/08/19)
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- SPIRO-LACTAM NMDA RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF
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Disclosed are compounds having enhanced potency in the modulation of NMDA receptor activity. Such compounds are contemplated for use in the treatment of conditions such as depression and related disorders. Orally available formulations and other pharmaceutically acceptable delivery forms of the compounds, including intravenous formulations, are also disclosed.
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Paragraph 0100
(2014/08/19)
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- Phosphine-catalyzed enantioselective γ-addition of 3-substituted oxindoles to 2,3-butadienoates and 2-butynoates: Use of prochiral nucleophiles
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The first phosphine-catalyzed enantioselective γ-addition with prochiral nucleophiles and 2,3-butadienoates as the reaction partners has been developed. Both 3-alkyl- and 3-aryl-substituted oxindoles could be employed in this process, which is catalyzed by a chiral phosphine that is derived from an amino acid, thus affording oxindoles that bear an all-carbon quaternary center at the 3-position in high yields and excellent enantioselectivity. The synthetic value of these γ-addition products was demonstrated by the formal total synthesis of two natural products and by the preparation of biologically relevant molecules and structural scaffolds.
- Wang, Tianli,Yao, Weijun,Zhong, Fangrui,Pang, Guo Hao,Lu, Yixin
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supporting information
p. 2964 - 2968
(2014/04/03)
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- SPIRO-LACTAM NMDA RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF
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Disclosed are compounds having enhanced potency in the modulation of NMDA receptor activity. Such compounds are contemplated for use in the treatment of conditions such as depression and related disorders. Orally available formulations and other pharmaceutically acceptable delivery forms of the compounds, including intravenous formulations, are also disclosed.
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Paragraph 00108; page 39
(2014/08/19)
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- Synthesis and antibacterial activity of amino acid and dipeptide prodrugs of IMB-070593, a fluoroquinolone candidate
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A series of amino acid and dipeptide prodrugs of IMB-070593, a fluoroquinolone candidate discovered in our lab, were synthesized and evaluated for their water solubility and then antibacterial activity. Our results reveal that four amino acid prodrugs 4a,b,e,f and two dipeptide prodrugs 4k,l have much greater solubility (>85 mg/mL) than IMB-070593 mesylate (22.5 mg/mL). Compounds 4a and 4k show good in vivo efficacy against MSSA 12-1 (p.o./i.v., 5.32-7.68 mg/kg) and S. pneumoniae12-10 (p.o., 18.39-23.13 mg/kg) which is 1.19-1.50 fold more active than the parent drug.
- Zhang, Tingting,Wu, Jinwei,Chen, Shihong,Liu, Kaixiang,Lin, Yabin,Guo, Huiyuan,Liu, Mingliang
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p. 6822 - 6837
(2014/06/10)
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- BENZIIMIDAZOLE AND IMIDAZOPYRIDINE DERIVATIVES AS SODIUM CHANNEL MODULATORS
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The invention relates to benzimidazole and imidazopyridine derivatives, to their use in medicine, to compositions containing them, to processes for their preparation and to intermediates used in such processes. More particularly the invention relates to new Nav1.8 modulators of formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7. X and Y are as defined in the description. Nav1.8 modulators are potentially useful in the treatment of a wide range of disorders, particularly pain.
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Page/Page column 163
(2013/08/15)
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- The crystal structure of an isopenicillin N synthase complex with an ethereal substrate analogue reveals water in the oxygen binding site
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Isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS) is a non-heme iron oxidase central to the biosynthesis of β-lactam antibiotics. IPNS converts the tripeptide δ-(l-α-aminoadipoyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine (ACV) to isopenicillin N while reducing molecular oxygen to water. The substrate analogue δ-(l-α-aminoadipoyl)-l-cysteinyl-O-methyl-d-threonine (ACmT) is not turned over by IPNS. Epimeric δ-(l-α-aminoadipoyl)-l-cysteinyl-O- methyl-d-allo-threonine (ACmaT) is converted to a bioactive penam product. ACmT and ACmaT differ from each other only in the stereochemistry at the β-carbon atom of their third residue. These substrates both contain a methyl ether in place of the isopropyl group of ACV. We report an X-ray crystal structure for the anaerobic IPNS:Fe(II):ACmT complex. This structure reveals an additional water molecule bound to the active site metal, held by hydrogen-bonding to the ether oxygen atom of the substrate analogue.
- Clifton, Ian J.,Ge, Wei,Adlington, Robert M.,Baldwin, Jack E.,Rutledge, Peter J.
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p. 2705 - 2709
(2013/09/02)
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- Synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 2-methyl-4-oxo-3- oxetanylcarbamic acid esters, a class of potent N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) inhibitors
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N-Acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is a lysosomal cysteine hydrolase involved in the degradation of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), a family of endogenous lipid agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, which include oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). The β-lactone derivatives (S)-N-(2-oxo-3-oxetanyl)-3-phenylpropionamide (2) and (S)-N-(2-oxo-3-oxetanyl)- biphenyl-4-carboxamide (3) inhibit NAAA, prevent FAE hydrolysis in activated inflammatory cells, and reduce tissue reactions to pro-inflammatory stimuli. Recently, our group disclosed ARN077 (4), a potent NAAA inhibitor that is active in vivo by topical administration in rodent models of hyperalgesia and allodynia. In the present study, we investigated the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of threonine-derived β-lactone analogues of compound 4. The main results of this work were an enhancement of the inhibitory potency of β-lactone carbamate derivatives for NAAA and the identification of (4-phenylphenyl)-methyl-N-[(2S,3R)-2-methyl-4-oxo-oxetan-3-yl]carbamate (14q) as the first single-digit nanomolar inhibitor of intracellular NAAA activity (IC50 = 7 nM on both rat NAAA and human NAAA).
- Ponzano, Stefano,Bertozzi, Fabio,Mengatto, Luisa,Dionisi, Mauro,Armirotti, Andrea,Romeo, Elisa,Berteotti, Anna,Fiorelli, Claudio,Tarozzo, Glauco,Reggiani, Angelo,Duranti, Andrea,Tarzia, Giorgio,Mor, Marco,Cavalli, Andrea,Piomelli, Daniele,Bandiera, Tiziano
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p. 6917 - 6934
(2013/10/01)
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- Tataricins A and B, two novel cyclotetrapeptides from Aster tataricus, and their absolute configuration assignment
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Two novel cyclotetrapeptides, tataricins A and B, with a unique cyclopeptide backbone and aδ 2,4Pro side chain, were isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Aster tataricus. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined using a combination of spectroscopic data, the advanced Marfey's method, and a total synthesis. Copyright
- Xu, Hui-Min,Yi, Hua,Zhou, Wen-Bing,He, Wen-Jun,Zeng, Gang-Zhi,Xu, Wen-Yan,Tan, Ning-Hua
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supporting information
p. 1380 - 1383
(2013/04/23)
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- AMIDINE SUBSTITUTED BETA - LACTAM COMPOUNDS, THEIR PREPARATION AND USE AS ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS
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The present invention relates to novel β-lactam compounds of formula (I), their preparation and use. In particular, this invention relates to novel β-lactam compounds which are amidine substituted monobactam derivatives useful as antimicrobial agents and their preparation.
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Paragraph 00118; 00119
(2013/08/15)
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- Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of 2,1′-dihydropyridomycins
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Dihydropyridomycins 2 and 3, which lack the characteristic enol ester moiety of the potent antimycobacterial natural product pyridomycin (1), have been prepared from L-Thr, R- and S-hydroxy isovaleric acid, and 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde. The 2R isomer 2 shows only 4-fold lower anti-Mtb activity than 1, indicating that the enol ester moiety in the natural product is not critical for its biological activity. This finding establishes 2 as a potent and more practical lead for anti-TB drug discovery.
- Horlacher, Oliver P.,Hartkoorn, Ruben C.,Cole, Stewart T.,Altmann, Karl-Heinz
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supporting information
p. 264 - 268
(2013/03/29)
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- C-Glycosyl amino acids through hydroboration-cross-coupling of exo-glycals and their application in automated solid-phase synthesis
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O-Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins. The attachment of carbohydrates to the peptide backbone influences the conformation as well as the solubility of the conjugates and can even be essential for binding to specific ligands in cell-cell interactions or for active transport over membranes. This makes glycopeptides an interesting class of compounds for medical applications. To enhance the long-term availability of these molecules in vivo, the stabilization of the glycosidic bond between the amino acid residue and the carbohydrate is of interest. The described modular approach affords β-linked C-glycosyl amino acids by a sequence of Petasis olefination of glyconolactones, stereoselective hydroboration and a mild B-alkyl-Suzuki coupling reaction. The coupling products were transformed to C-glycosyl amino acid building-blocks suitable for solid-phase synthesis and successfully incorporated into a partial sequence of the tumor-associated MUC1-glycopeptide. The resulting C-glycopeptides are candidates for the development of long-term stable mimics of O-glycopeptide vaccines. Copyright
- Koch, Stefan,Schollmeyer, Dieter,L?we, Holger,Kunz, Horst
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supporting information
p. 7020 - 7041
(2013/07/05)
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- N -(2-Oxo-3-oxetanyl)carbamic acid esters as N-acylethanolamine acid amidase inhibitors: Synthesis and structure-activity and structure-property relationships
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The β-lactone ring of N-(2-oxo-3-oxetanyl)amides, a class of N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) inhibitors endowed with anti-inflammatory properties, is responsible for both NAAA inhibition and low compound stability. Here, we investigate the structure-activity and structure-property relationships for a set of known and new β-lactone derivatives, focusing on the new class of N-(2-oxo-3-oxetanyl)carbamates. Replacement of the amide group with a carbamate one led to different stereoselectivity for NAAA inhibition and higher intrinsic stability, because of the reduced level of intramolecular attack at the lactone ring. The introduction of a syn methyl at the β-position of the lactone further improved chemical stability. A tert-butyl substituent in the side chain reduced the reactivity with bovine serum albumin. (2S,3R)-2-Methyl-4-oxo-3-oxetanylcarbamic acid 5-phenylpentyl ester (27, URB913/ARN077) inhibited NAAA with good in vitro potency (IC50 = 127 nM) and showed improved stability. It is rapidly cleaved in plasma, which supports its use for topical applications.
- Duranti, Andrea,Tontini, Andrea,Antonietti, Francesca,Vacondio, Federica,Fioni, Alessandro,Silva, Claudia,Lodola, Alessio,Rivara, Silvia,Solorzano, Carlos,Piomelli, Daniele,Tarzia, Giorgio,Mor, Marco
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experimental part
p. 4824 - 4836
(2012/07/03)
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- Minutissamides E-L, antiproliferative cyclic lipodecapeptides from the cultured freshwater cyanobacterium cf. Anabaena sp.
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The extract of UIC 10035, a strain obtained from a sample collected near the town of Homestead, South Florida, showed antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-435 cells. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of a series of cyclic lipodecapeptides, named minutissamides E-L (1-8). The planar structures were determined by analysis of HRESIMS, tandem MS, and 1D and 2D NMR data, and the stereoconfigurations were assigned by LC-MS analysis of the Marfey's derivatives after acid hydrolysis. Minutissamides E-L (1-8) exhibited antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-435 cells with IC50 values ranging between 1 and 10 μM. The structures of minutissamides E-L (1-8) were closely related with those of the previously reported lipopeptides, puwainaphycins A-E and minutissamides A-D, characterized by the presence of a lipophilic β-amino acid and three non-standard amino acids NMeAsn, OMeThr and Dhb (α,β-dehydro-α-aminobutyric acid). The strain UIC 10035 was designated as cf. Anabaena sp. on the basis of morphological and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses.
- Kang, Hahk-Soo,Sturdy, Megan,Krunic, Aleksej,Kim, Hyunjung,Shen, Qi,Swanson, Steven M.,Orjala, Jimmy
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p. 6134 - 6143
(2012/11/07)
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- Influence of steric parameters on the synthesis of tetramates from α-amino-β-alkoxy-esters and Ph3PCCO
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α-Aminoesters react with Ph3PCCO in a domino addition-Wittig cyclization sequence affording enantiomerically pure tetramates. In the case of β-oxo functionalized α-aminoesters, e.g., esters of serine, threonine or β-hydroxyornithine the yields of this reaction depend heavily on the bulkiness of the β-OR group and on the configuration of β-carbon atom C-3. Smaller residues and 2R/3R-configured aminoesters give better yields. The alkoxycarbonyl group of the ester moiety and the residue on the N-atom are less important. These findings can be accounted for by assuming an early puckered transition state for the intramolecular ring-closing Wittig reaction. The addition of sub-stoichiometric amounts of benzoic acid or N-hydroxysuccinimide (for acid-sensitive compounds) is advantageous in some cases as it accelerates the formation of the intermediate amide ylides.
- Loke, Inga,Park, Natja,Kempf, Karl,Jagusch, Carsten,Schobert, Rainer,Laschat, Sabine
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 697 - 704
(2012/01/05)
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- Design, synthesis and primary activity of thiomorpholine derivatives as DPP-IV inhibitors
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Thirteen thiomorpholine-bearing compounds were designed and synthesized as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, with natural and non-natural l-amino acids as the starting materials. Their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS. The target compounds were screened for the DPP-IV inhibition, and the preliminary SAR result was obtained. Particularly, compounds 4c, 4d and 4f with good DPP-IV inhibition in vitro were further evaluated through a mouse oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The preliminary result showed the potential value for further studies on those thiomorpholine-bearing compounds as DPP-IV inhibitors.
- Han, Bei,Liu, Jing Long,Huan, Yi,Li, Peng,Wu, Qi,Lin, Zi Yun,Shen, Zhu Fang,Yin, Da Li,Huang, Hai Hong
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scheme or table
p. 297 - 300
(2012/05/20)
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- Highly enantioselective regiodivergent allylic alkylations of MBH carbonates with phthalides
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Phthalides were used for the first time in the allylic alkylation reactions with MBH carbonates for the creation of chiral 3,3-disubstituted phthalides. Highly enantioselective regiodivergent synthesis of γ-selective or β-selective allylic alkylation products was achieved by employing bifunctional chiral phosphines or multifunctional tertiary amine-thioureas as the catalyst, respectively. It was demonstrated that proper selection of catalysts and reaction conditions would differentiate an SN2′- SN2′ pathway and an addition-elimination process, yielding different regioisomers of the allylic alkylation products in a highly enantiomerically pure form.
- Zhong, Fangrui,Luo, Jie,Chen, Guo-Ying,Dou, Xiaowei,Lu, Yixin
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 10222 - 10227
(2012/08/08)
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- Asymmetric synthesis of 2,4,6-trideoxy-4-(dimethylamino)-3-C-methyl-l- lyxohexopyranose (Lemonose)
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l-Lemonose, the glycosidic part of (-)-lemonomycin, has been synthesized in ten steps with 18% overall yield from d-threonine. The key steps are a double, highly diastereoselective Grignard addition to a Weinreb amide and a chemoselective oxidation of a primary alcohol in the presence of a secondary alcohol, a tertiary alcohol and a tertiary amine, leading directly to the lactol. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York.
- Bernadat, Guillaume,George, Nicolas,Couturier, Cédric,Masson, Géraldine,Schlama, Thierry,Zhu, Jieping
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scheme or table
p. 576 - 578
(2011/04/18)
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