- Design and Structural Optimization of Dual FXR/PPARδActivators
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered as severe hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and has alarming global prevalence. The ligand-activated transcription factors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δhave been validated as molecular targets to counter NASH. To achieve robust therapeutic efficacy in this multifactorial pathology, combined peripheral PPAR?-mediated activity and hepatic effects of FXR activation appear as a promising multitarget approach. We have designed a minimal dual FXR/PPARδactivator scaffold by rational fusion of pharmacophores derived from selective agonists. Our dual agonist lead compound exhibited weak agonism on FXR and PPARδand was structurally refined to a potent and balanced FXR/PPARδactivator in a computer-aided fashion. The resulting dual FXR/PPARδmodulator comprises high selectivity over related nuclear receptors and activates the two target transcription factors in native cellular settings.
- Schierle, Simone,Neumann, Sebastian,Heitel, Pascal,Willems, Sabine,Kaiser, Astrid,Pollinger, Julius,Merk, Daniel
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p. 8369 - 8379
(2020/08/12)
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- Target hopping as a useful tool for the identification of novel EphA2 protein-protein antagonists
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Lithocholic acid (LCA), a physiological ligand for the nuclear receptor FXR and the G-protein-coupled receptor TGR5, has been recently described as an antagonist of the EphA2 receptor, a key member of the ephrin signalling system involved in tumour growth. Given the ability of LCA to recognize FXR, TGR5, and EphA2 receptors, we hypothesized that the structural requirements for a small molecule to bind each of these receptors might be similar. We therefore selected a set of commercially available FXR or TGR5 ligands and tested them for their ability to inhibit EphA2 by targeting the EphA2-ephrin-A1 interface. Among the selected compounds, the stilbene carboxylic acid GW4064 was identified as an effective antagonist of EphA2, being able to block EphA2 activation in prostate carcinoma cells, in the micromolar range. This finding proposes the "target hopping" approach as a new effective strategy to discover new protein-protein interaction inhibitors. Target hopping: Given the ability of lithocholic acid to recognize FXR, TGR5 and EphA2 receptors, we hypothesized the structural requirements to bind each of these receptors might be similar. We selected a set of commercially available FXR or TGR5 ligands and tested them for their ability to inhibit EphA2 by targeting the EphA2-ephrin-A1 interface. Moreover, a small panel of GW4064 derivatives was synthesized. Copyright
- Tognolini, Massimiliano,Incerti, Matteo,Pala, Daniele,Russo, Simonetta,Castelli, Riccardo,Hassan-Mohamed, Iftiin,Giorgio, Carmine,Lodola, Alessio
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supporting information
p. 67 - 72
(2014/01/17)
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- FARNESOID X RECEPTOR AGONISTS
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The invention relates to a compound of formula (I) useful as an agonist for FXR: wherein all variables are as defined herein and to pharmaceutical compositions, methods of using, and processes for preparing the same.
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- Assays for ligands for nuclear receptors
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The present invention includes nuclear receptor heterodimer and nuclear receptor-coactivator pepetide assays for identifying ligands for nuclear receptors, utilizing scintillation proximity and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and methods of using identified ligands.
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Page/Page column 15
(2010/11/30)
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