- A New Biginelli Reaction Procedure Using Potassium Hydrogen Sulfate as the Promoter for an Efficient Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one
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Simple and improved conditions have been found to carry out the Biginelli reaction for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives. This synthesis was performed using potassium hydrogen sulfate as the promoter in glycol solution. Compared
- Tu, Shujiang,Fang, Fang,Zhu, Songlei,Li, Tuanjie,Zhang, Xiaojing,Zhuang, Qiya
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- In silico design and synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidinones and tetrahydropyrimidinethiones as potential thymidylate kinase inhibitors exerting anti-tb activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Background and Purpose: Tuberculosis has been reported to be the worldwide leading cause of death resulting from a sole infectious agent. The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis has made the battle against the infection more difficult since most currently available therapeutic options are ineffective against these resistant strains. Therefore, novel molecules need to be developed to effectively treat tuberculosis disease. Preliminary docking studies revealed that tetrahydropyrimidinone derivatives have favorable interactions with the thymidylate kinase receptor. In the present investigation, we report the synthesis and the mycobacterial activity of several pyrimidinones and pyrimidinethiones as potential thymidylate kinase inhibitors. Methods: The title compounds (1a–d)and(2a–b) were synthesized by a one-pot three-component Biginelli reaction. They were subsequently characterized and used for whole-cell anti-TB screening against H37Rv and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by the resazurin microplate assay (REMA) plate method. Molecular modeling was conducted using the Accelry’s Discovery Studio 4.0 client program to explain the observed bioactivity of the compounds. The pharmacokinetic properties of the synthesized compounds were predicted and analyzed. Results: Of the compounds tested for anti-TB activity, pyrimidinone 1a and pyrimidinethione 2a displayed moderate activity against susceptible MTB H37Rv strains at 16 and 32 μg/mL, respectively. Only compound 2a was observed to exert modest activity at 128 μg/mL against MTB strains with cross-resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid. The presence of the trifluoro-methyl group was essential to retain the inhibitory activity of compounds 1a and 2a. Molecular modeling studies of these compounds against thymidylate kinase targets demonstrated a positive correlation between the bioactivity and structure of the compounds. The in-silico ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) prediction indicated favorable pharmacokinetic and drug-like properties for most compounds. Conclusion: Pyrimidinone 1a and pyrimidinethione 2a were identified as the leading compounds and can serve as a starting point to develop novel anti-TB therapeutic agents.
- Al-Attraqchi, Omar Husham Ahmed,Aldhubiab, Bandar E.,Alwassil, Osama I.,Attimarad, Mahesh,Chandrashekharappa, Sandeep,Haroun, Michelyne,Kumalo, Hezekiel M.,Mlisana, Koleka,Morsy, Mohamed A.,Nair, Anroop B.,Odhav, Bharti,Pillay, Melendhran,Sreeharsha, Nagaraja,Tratrat, Christophe,Venugopala, Katharigatta N.,Venugopala, Rashmi
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- Fabrication of porous ultrathin carbon nitride nanosheet catalysts with enhanced photocatalytic activity for N- And O-heterocyclic compound synthesis
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A simple and efficient photocatalytic method for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) and their derivatives via porous ultrathin carbon nitride nanosheets (p-CNNs) without solvents was demonstrated. The yields of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/t
- Li, Yancong,Ma, Jiliang,Liu, Zhendong,Jin, Dongnv,Jiao, Gaojie,Guo, Yanzhu,Wang, Qiang,Zhou, Jinghui,Sun, Runcang
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p. 365 - 372
(2021/01/11)
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- The new life of traditional water treatment flocculant polyaluminum chloride (PAC): A green and efficient micro-nano reactor catalyst in alcohol solvents
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Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is an inorganic polymer material that has the advantages of a simple preparation process and special electronic structure. It is considered to be the most efficient and widely used flocculation material for water treatment. In
- Bi, Shuxian,Hao, Pengcheng,Li, Xiang,Liang, Yanping,Liang, Yuwang,Liu, Wanyi,Wang, Gang,Wen, Jiantong,Zhan, Haijuan
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p. 655 - 663
(2022/01/22)
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- Efficient one-pot synthetic methods for the preparation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones and 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives using BNPs?SiO2(CH2)3NHSO3H as a ligand and metal free acidic heterogeneous nano-catalyst
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Heterocyclic compounds with biological and pharmacological activates like 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones and 1,4-dihydropyridines have attracted great interest. Boehmite nanoparticles functionalized with silylpropyl sulfamic acid (BNPs?SiO2(C
- Bahrami, Kiumars,Khodamorady, Minoo,Sohrabnezhad, Samira
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- Isolation of polyphenol compounds from olive waste and inhibition of their derivatives for α-glucosidase and α-amylase
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Olive waste was used as a sustainable resource because it contained a variety of valuable compounds. The polyphenols active fraction from enrichment by microporous resin and extraction with ethyl acetate were analysed by different chromatographic methods.
- Peng, Mijun,Peng, Sheng,Wang, Chengzhang,Wang, Zhihong
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supporting information
p. 2398 - 2402
(2019/01/09)
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- Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives using activated montmorillonite as catalyst
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An efficient catalytic synthesis of 4-aryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one derivatives using copper (II), iron (III) and zinc (II) exchanged montmorillonite clays as a catalyst is described. The desired products were obtained in good yields.
- Mekki, Sofiane,Krabia, Lahcen,Mohamed, Saleh Mahmoud Saleh,Saidi-Besbes, Salima
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- Br?nsted acidic 1-ethyl-1,2,4-trizolium phenylsulfonate as catalyst for biginelli reaction
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A Br?nsted acidic 1-ethyl-1,2,4-triazolium phenylsulfonate has been synthesized and characterized. A catalytic study is performed for 1-ethyl-1,2,4-triazolium phenylsulfonate as acid catalyst for a multicomponent reaction of synthesis of series of 3,4-dih
- Puthukkudy,Nagarajan,Kandasamy
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p. 1999 - 2002
(2018/08/09)
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- Acridone-pyrimidine hybrids- design, synthesis, cytotoxicity studies in resistant and sensitive cancer cells and molecular docking studies
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Hybrid systems of acridones with substituted pyrimidines were designed with an objective of discovering next generation anticancer agents targeting multiple mechanisms in the cancer cell. Hybrid compounds were synthesized by simple and convenient methods
- Murahari, Manikanta,Prakash, Karanam Vanitha,Peters, Godefridus J.,Mayur
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supporting information
p. 961 - 981
(2017/09/08)
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- New Efficient Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones Catalyzed by Benzotriazolium-Based Ionic Liquids under Solvent-Free Conditions
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An efficient synthesis of novel 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (DHPMs) and their derivatives, using Br?nsted acidic ionic liquid [C2 O2 BBTA][TFA] as a catalyst, from the condensation of aryl aldehyde, β-ketoester and urea was described. Reactions procee
- Liu, Zhiqing,Ma, Rong,Cao, Dawei,Liu, Chenjiang
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- Sulfonic acid-functionalized titanomagnetite nanoparticles as recyclable heterogeneous acid catalyst for one-pot solvent-free synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones
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Sulfonic acid-functionalized titanomagnetite (Fe3?xTixO4@SO3H) nanoparticles were prepared by grafting sulfonic acid groups on Fe3?xTixO4 nanoparticles. This new heterogeneous ac
- Azarifar, Davood,Abbasi, Younes,Badalkhani, Omolbanin
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p. 2029 - 2038
(2016/09/16)
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- Silica-modified magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles grafted with sulfamic acid functional groups: an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives
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Silica-modified magnetite-polyoxometalates functionalized with sulfamic acid groups as hybrid nanoparticles were prepared by sulfonation of diamine-functionalized propyl group grafted on the magnetic silica-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles
- Azarifar, Davood,Badalkhani, Omolbanin,Abbasi, Younes
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p. 656 - 673
(2016/12/03)
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- Reduction of Biginelli compounds by LiAlH4: a rapid access to molecular diversity
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Herein, the reduction of Biginelli compounds by LiAlH4 was investigated for the first time. The reduction of urea-derived dihydropyrimidinones yielded 80-95% of hydrogenolysis products (4-aryl-5-(m)ethyl-6-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones
- Zlatkovi?, Dragan B.,Radulovi?, Niko S.
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p. 115058 - 115067
(2016/12/24)
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- Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Alkenyl Acetates
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Stable C-O linkages are generally unreactive in cross-coupling reactions which mostly employ more electrophilic halides or activated esters (triflates, tosylates). Acetates are cheap and easily accessible electrophiles but have not been used in cross-couplings because the strong C-O bond and high propensity to engage in unwanted acetylation and deprotonation. Reported herein is a selective iron-catalyzed cross-coupling of diverse alkenyl acetates, and it operates under mild reaction conditions (0 C, 2 h) with a ligand-free catalyst (1-2 mol%). Iron clad: Acetates are underutilized electrophiles in metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions because of the strong alkenyl C-O bond and their propensity to engage in unwanted reactions. Combination of a ligand-free low-valent Fe catalyst with nucleophilic organomagnesium reagents, low temperature, and short reaction times results in highly selective cross-couplings with alkenyl acetates.
- G?rtner, Dominik,Stein, André Luiz,Grupe, Sabine,Arp, Johannes,Von Wangelin, Axel Jacobi
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supporting information
p. 10545 - 10549
(2015/09/02)
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- Synthesis of 1-alkyl triazolium triflate room temperature ionic liquids and their catalytic studies in multi-component Biginelli reaction
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Synthesis of three Brnsted acid-based ionic liquids, namely, 1-ethyl-1,2,4-triazolium triflate (1a), 1-propyl-1,2,4-triazolium triflate (1b) and 1-butyl-1,2,4-triazolium triflate (1c), is described. These ionic liquids have been employed as catalysts for
- Nagarajan, Sankaranarayanan,Shaikh, Tanveer M.,Kandasamy, Elango
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p. 1539 - 1545
(2015/12/01)
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- Solid state synthesis, characterization, optical properties and cooperative catalytic performance of bismuth vanadate nanocatalyst for Biginelli reactions
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Bi2V2O7 nano powders were synthesized via a solid state reaction at 500°C for 8 h using Bi(NO3)3 and VO(acac)2 at stoichiometric 1:1 Bi:V molar ratio as raw materials. The synthesized mater
- Khademinia, Shahin,Behzad, Mahdi,Jahromi, Hamideh Samari
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p. 24313 - 24318
(2015/03/30)
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- A simple and efficient synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones via Biginelli reaction catalyzed by nanomagnetic-supported sulfonic acid
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Nanomagnetic-supported sulfonic acid is found to be a new, powerful, and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the rapid synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin- 2-(1H)-ones under conventional heating and microwave irradiation. This is the first example of combin
- Kolvari, Eskandar,Koukabi, Nadiya,Armandpour, Ozra
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supporting information
p. 1383 - 1386
(2014/02/14)
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- Efficient, stable, and reusable Lewis acid-surfactant-combined catalyst: One-pot Biginelli and solvent-free esterification reactions
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Cerium(III) trislaurylsulfonate (Ce(LS)3), a Lewis acid and surfactant combined catalyst, was prepared and characterized by SEM, SEM-EDX, XRD, NMR, FT-IR, TG, and elemental analysis. Ce(LS)3 was found to be stable and efficient to catalyze one-pot Biginelli and solvent-free esterification reactions. Furthermore, Ce(LS)3 is easy to recycle after reaction by pouring into cold water and filtration. Present work will shed deep insight into the understanding of the catalytic nature of LASCs, and extend its application in important organic transformations.
- Qiu, Yunfeng,Sun, Hongnan,Ma, Zhuo,Xia, Wujiong
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- Improving the selectivity toward three-component biginelli versus hantzsch reactions by controlling the catalyst hydrophobic/hydrophilic surface balance
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The catalytic activities and selectivities of two kinds of mesoporous solid acids SBA-15-PrSO3H 1, SBA-15-Ph-PrSO3H 2, and a periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) based solid acid Et-PMO-Me-PrSO3H 3 that comprise differen
- Karimi, Babak,Mobaraki, Akbar,Mirzaei, Hamid M.,Zareyee, Daryoush,Vali, Hojatollah
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p. 212 - 219
(2014/01/23)
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- Hydrophobicity-enhanced magnetic solid sulfonic acid: A simple approach to improve the mass transfer of reaction partners on the surface of the heterogeneous catalyst in water-generating reactions
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Two novel and environmentally benign organosulfonic acid-functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticle catalysts 1 (Fe3O 4@SiO2@Et-PhSO3H) and 2 (Fe3O 4@SiO2@Me&Et-PhSO3H) were prepared and their surface hydrophobicity was assessed by esterification reaction of fatty alcohols. Also, their water-toleration in two water-generating reactions was investigated, namely: synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane and the Biginelli reaction of benzaldehyde, methyl acetoacetate, and urea under solvent-free conditions. In these reactions, the catalyst 2 that was more hydrophobic and water-resistant showed higher catalytic activity and was characterized extensively by various techniques. This catalyst was successfully used in the Biginelli reaction of a series of aldehydes, β-keto esters, and urea/thiourea for the synthesis of a diverse range of pharmacologically active 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-one/thione (DHPM) derivatives. The catalyst 2 was easily separated by an external magnet and the recovered catalyst was reused in five cycles without any significant loss of activity.
- Mobaraki, Akbar,Movassagh, Barahman,Karimi, Babak
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p. 123 - 133
(2014/01/23)
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- A green recyclable poly(4-vinylpyridine)-supported copper iodide nanoparticles catalyst for the multicomponent synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin- 2(1H)-ones/thiones
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Dihydropyrimidone derivatives are important class of compounds that received significant attention from many pharmaceutical and organic chemists because of the broad spectrum of their biological and pharmaceutical properties such as antibacterial, anti-in
- Albadi, Jalal,Mansournezhad, Azam,Baghernehad, Mojtba,Frozan, Nasrin
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p. 169 - 171
(2013/07/25)
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- Aluminium nitrate nonahydrate (Al(NO3)3·9 H2O): An efficient oxidant catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of biginelli compounds from benzyl alcohols
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A clean and efficient tandem oxidative cyclocondensation process is reported for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one or -thione derivatives from primary aryl alcohols, β-keto esters, and urea or thiourea in the presence of Al(NO3)s
- Kolvari, Eskandar,Zolfigol, Mohammad Ali,Mirzaeean, Maryam
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p. 115 - 119
(2012/02/14)
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- Xanthan sulfuric acid: A new and efficient biosupported solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones
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Xanthan sulfuric acid (XSA) is employed as a recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones. These syntheses were performed via a one-pot, threecomponent condensation of aldehydes, amines, and urea/thiourea under solvent-free con
- Kuarm, B. Suresh,Madhav, J. Venu,Laxmi, S. Vijaya,Rajitha
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experimental part
p. 1211 - 1217
(2012/04/04)
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- Microwave-assisted solvent-free synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1h)- ones catalyzed by NH4OBr
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Catalytic potential of ammonium hypobromite in the one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-pyrimidin-2(1H)-ones from Biginelli-type condensation reaction between an aldehyde, β-keto ester and urea has been explored. The reaction proceeds under solvent-free conve
- Azarifar, Davood,Khosravi, Kaveh,Soleimani, Khadijeh,Najminejad, Zohreh
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experimental part
p. 989 - 995
(2012/06/04)
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- Synthesis of Biginelli compounds using cobalt hydrogen sulfate
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Efficient synthesis of various 2-oxo(thioxo)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines containing acetyl, carboethoxy, carbomethoxy and carboxamide groups on 5-position of the M-substituted and ATL-unsubstituted heterocyclic ring was achieved using cobalt hydrogen su
- Memarian, Hamid Reza,Ranjbar, Mahnaz
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experimental part
p. 522 - 527
(2012/01/05)
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- N,N′-Dichlorobis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)urea (CC-2) as a new reagent for the synthesis of pyrimidone and pyrimidine derivatives via Biginelli reaction
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A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2- (1H)one and benzo[4,5]imidazo/thioazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives has been described using N,N′-dichlorobis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)urea (CC-2) as a new reagent. This method is foun
- Rao, G.B. Dharma,Acharya,Verma,Kaushik
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experimental part
p. 809 - 812
(2011/03/18)
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- First application of hexaaquaaluminium(III) tetrafluoroborate as a mild, recyclable, non-hygroscopic acid catalyst in organic synthesis: a simple and efficient protocol for the multigram scale synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones by Biginelli reaction
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For the first time hexaaquaaluminium(III) tetrafluoroborate has been used as a mild acid catalyst in organic synthesis. A simple method of its preparation based on the reaction of aluminium triisopropoxide and tetrafluoroboric acid in isopropanol afforded
- Litvi?, Mladen,Ve?enaj, Ivana,Ladi?i?, Zrinka Mikulda?,Lovri?, Marija,Vinkovi?, Vladimir,Filipan-Litvi?, Mirela
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experimental part
p. 3463 - 3471
(2010/06/17)
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- Highly efficient solvent-free synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones catalyzed by zinc oxide
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A simple, efficient and practical procedure for the Biginelli reaction using zinc oxid (ZnO) as a novel and reusable catalyst is described under solvent-free conditions in high yields. The use of this agent is characterized by remarkable reactivity, moder
- Bahrami, Kiumars,Mehdi Khodaei, Mohammad,Farrokhi, Azita
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experimental part
p. 1801 - 1808
(2009/10/02)
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- An efficient and clean one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)- ones catalyzed by tungstate sulfuric acid in solvent-free conditions
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Tungstate sulfuric acid catalyzes the three component condensation reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, urea and a β-ketoester under solvent-free conditions to afford the corresponding dihydropyrimidinones in high to excellent y
- Nasr-Esfahani, Masoud,Karami, Bahador,Montazerozohori, Morteza,Abdi, Karim
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p. 1183 - 1185
(2008/12/20)
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- Biginelli reaction in aqueous medium: a greener and sustainable approach to substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones
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An environmentally benign aqueous Biginelli protocol for the synthesis of substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones using polystyrenesulfonic acid (PSSA) as a catalyst has been achieved. These microwave-assisted reactions proceed efficiently in water in
- Polshettiwar, Vivek,Varma, Rajender S.
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p. 7343 - 7346
(2008/03/13)
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- Antimony(III) chloride impregnated on alumina - An efficient and economical Lewis acid catalyst for one-pot synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones under solvent-free conditions
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The antimony(III) chloride impregnated on alumina efficiently catalyses a one-pot, three-component condensation reaction among an aldehyde, a β-ketoester, and urea or thiourea to afford the corresponding dihydropyrimidinones in good to excellent yields. T
- Kapoor, Kamal K.,Ganai, Bilal A.,Kumar, Satish,Andotra, Charanjeet S.
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p. 433 - 437
(2007/10/03)
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- A one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(IH)-onesfrom primary alcohols promoted by Bi(NO3)3.5H2O in two different media: Organic solvent and ionic liquid
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A new, simple and efficient procedure for the one-pot conversion of alcohols instead of aldehydes to the corresponding 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (DHPMs) with Bi(NO3)3.5H2O as a commercially available, inexpensive, st
- Khosropour, Ahmad R.,Khodaei, Mohammd M.,Beygzadch, Mojtaba,Jokar, Mahbubeh
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p. 767 - 773
(2007/10/03)
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- Oxidative dehydrogenation of dihydropyrimidinones and dihydropyrimidines
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A mild, practical procedure for oxidative dehydrogenation with catalytic amounts of a Cu salt, K2CO 3, and tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as a terminal oxidant has been developed. This oxidation procedure is generally applicable to dihydropyrimidinones and most dihydropyrimidines.
- Yamamoto, Kana,Chen, Ye Grace,Buono, Frederic G.
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p. 4673 - 4676
(2007/10/03)
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- A novel L-proline catalyzed Biginelli reaction: One-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under solvent-free conditions
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A Novel efficient and simple synthetic protocol for the Biginelli reaction has been developed for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones in a one-pot three-component condensation of aldehydes, β-dicarbonyl compounds, and urea or thiourea by usin
- Yadav,Praveen Kumar,Kondaji,Srinivasa Rao,Nagaiah
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p. 1168 - 1169
(2007/10/03)
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- A New Biginelli Reaction Procedure using Potassium Hydrogen Sulfate as the Promoter for an Efficient Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one
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Simple and improved conditions have been found to carry out the Biginelli reaction for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives. This synthesis was performed using potassium hydrogen sulfate as the promoter in ethylene glycol solution.
- Tu, Shujiang,Fang, Fang,Zhu, Songlei,Li, Tuanjie,Zhang, Xiaojing,Zhuang, Qiya
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p. 253 - 257
(2007/10/03)
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- One-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones using boric acid as catalyst
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A simple effective synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives, using boric acid as catalyst, from aromatic aldehydes, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and urea in glacial acetic acid is described. Compared with the classical Biginelli reaction condit
- Tu, Shujang,Fang, Fang,Miao, Chunbao,Jiang, Hong,Feng, Youjian,Shi, Daqing,Wang, Xiangshan
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p. 6153 - 6155
(2007/10/03)
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- One-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones using cadmium sulfate as catalyst
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A simple effective synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives from aromatic aldehydes, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and urea in glacical acetic acid using cadmium sulfate as catalyst is described and compared with the classical Biginelli reaction
- Tu, Shujang,Fang, Fang,Miao, Chunbao,Jiang, Hong,Shi, Daqing,Wang, Xiangshan
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p. 544 - 545
(2007/10/03)
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- Parallel synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones using Yb(III)-resin and polymer-supported scavengers under solvent-free conditions. A green chemistry approach to the Biginelli reaction
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An efficient synthesis of an array of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones using solid-supported ytterbium(III) reagent from aldehydes, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and urea (Biginelli reaction) under solvent-free conditions is described. Purification of each member of the library was carried out using a cocktail of acid and basic polymer-supported scavengers
- Dondoni, Alessandro,Massi, Alessandro
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p. 7975 - 7978
(2007/10/03)
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