- Coupling Activity-Based Detection, Target Amplification, Colorimetric and Fluorometric Signal Amplification, for Quantitative Chemosensing of Fluoride Generated from Nerve Agents
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The G-class nerve agents, which include sarin, soman, and cyclosarin, react readily with nucleophilic reagents to produce fluoride. Thus, a chemosensing protocol has been designed for these agents that pairs the nucleophilic reactivity of oximates for generating fluoride with an autoinductive target amplification reaction to amplify the quantity of fluoride for facile colorimetric and fluorescent optical quantification. The chemosensing protocol was demonstrated by using the nerve agent surrogate diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) and benzaldoxime as the nucleophile. Autoinductive fluoride amplification responds to fluoride released from DFP by amplifying the fluoride concentration and a yellow reporter molecule. The reporter is a conjugated oligomer with a nominal repeating unit that originates from 4-aminobenzaldehyde. Exposure of the amplified fluoride to a fluoride-specific ratiometric fluorescent reporter provides a fluorescent readout, in which three fluorophores are generated per fluoride. Both colorimetric and fluorescent readouts enable quantitative assays with low micromolar limits of detection for fluoride resulting from DFP. More importantly, this work demonstrates the successful merging of multiple complex reactions for achieving selective, sensitive, and quantitative chemosensing.
- Sun, Xiaolong,Reuther, James F.,Phillips, Scott T.,Anslyn, Eric V.
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- Decorated resol derived mesoporous carbon: Highly ordered microstructure, rich boron incorporation, and excellent electrochemical capacitance
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Nanoarchitecturing of carbon with assembled building blocks in diverse scales with superior physical properties and tunable chemical characters is of great importance for energy storage. Therefore, exploring boron-modified ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) with tailorable microstructure and controllable incorporation become scientifically necessary. In this contribution, the boron-rich ordered mesoporous carbons were formed via a solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly strategy with controllable boron incorporation, tailorable microstructure, and extraordinary electrochemical capacitance. The incorporated boron content can be verified from 0 to 1.64 wt%, and the obtained B-OMCs exhibited widened potential window and enhanced specific capacitance. A maximum value of B incorporation (1.01-1.35 wt%) was detected in improving the specific capacitance (0.38-0.39 Fm-2). This is attributed to the specific oxygen chemisorption and the strengthened surface polarization accompanied with B modification. These results demonstrate the material chemistry, widen the potential applications, and in consequence allow mechanistic insight into the roles boron played for OMC textures and electrochemical activities.
- Zhao, Xiaochen,Zhang, Qiang,Zhang, Bingsen,Chen, Cheng-Meng,Xu, Jinming,Wang, Aiqin,Su, Dang Sheng,Zhang, Tao
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- PHENOLIC EPOXY COMPOUNDS
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Disclosed herein are compositions and methods of making phenolic compounds, and resins comprising these phenolic compounds. The compounds include multifunctional epoxies, amino glycidyl derivatives, and multi-functional amines prepared from hydroxymethyl derivatives of phenols and bisphenols.
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Paragraph 0073
(2016/02/03)
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- A cross-linking agent and cross-linked can be charged with high temperature resistant gel preparation method
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The invention discloses a crosslinking agent and a preparation method of a crosslinking controllable high-temperature-resistant gel. The crosslinking agent is prepared through the synthetic steps of sequentially adding phenol and a formaldehyde solution into a reaction kettle in a weight ratio of 1:(3.0-3.1), uniformly stirring the obtained mixture, adding an ethylenediamine catalyst into the reaction kettle, and heating the obtained mixture in an oil bath at a temperature of 65-70 DEG C; in the process of reaction, detecting and observing the mixture by using the TLC (Thin-Layer Chromatography), and when trimethylol phenol is completely generated, sequentially adding hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, epichlorohydrin and a NaOH solution into the reaction kettle; heating the obtained product to 90 DEG C, and reacting for 2 hours. The gel is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: (1) 0.2-0.7% of polyacrylamide; (2) 0.2-0.6% of a crosslinking agent, namely trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether; (3) 50-200 ppm of a polyamine crosslinking promoter; (4) the balance of water. According to the invention, the crosslinking agent, namely trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, and the polyamine crosslinking promoter are introduced into a gel system for the first time, and the crosslinking promoter can effectively adjust the crosslinking time and promote the gel for further crosslinking so as to increase the strength of the gel, so that a gel which is controllable in crosslinking time, high in strength and high in temperature resistance is obtained.
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Paragraph 0051; 0053
(2017/04/11)
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- MULTI-FUNCTIONAL ACRYLATES
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Disclosed herein are derivatives of phenolic and melamine compounds, methods of making these derivatives, and methods of using them. The compounds include phenolic and melamine compounds with multi-functional acrylate groups, polyethylene glycol and amino groups. The compounds may be cured to form resins that may be used in a variety of applications, such as paints, hydrogels, polyacrylate super absorbent polymers (SAPs), adhesives, composites, sealants, fillers, fire retardants, crosslinking agents, and the like.
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Paragraph 0042-0044
(2014/09/03)
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- SOLID STATE POLYCONDENSATION OF PRECURSORS OF PHENOLIC RESINS
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Twelve substances derived from phenol or 4-alkylphenol, six of which are precursors of phenolic resins, have been prepared by condensation of the phenol with paraformaldehyde or by further reaction of one of these with the starting phenol.Two cyclic oligomers belonging to the class of calixarenes or cyclophanes have been isolated and characterized.Single crystals of some precursors have been obtained and their crystalline structures have been determined.The thermal decomposition of precursors of phenolic resins has been investigated.Their solid state behaviour and their relative reactivities in acidic and basic conditions have been evaluated.The obtained substances can be considered as important intermediates.They are both sufficiently stable and highly reactive.
- Lamartine, Roger,Perrin, Robert,Vicens, Jacques,Gamet, Daniel,Perrin, Monique,et al.
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p. 219 - 236
(2007/10/02)
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