- Homogeneous hydrogenation of substituted (Z) - ene-1,2-dicarbamates with rh(i) phosphine complexes
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Homogeneous hydrogenation of substituted (Z)-ene-1,2-di-(-)-(1R, 3R, 4S)-methylcarbamate catalysed by rhodium complexes containing (+)-(2S,3S) or (-)-(2R,3R)-isopropylidene-2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (DIOP) gives rise to the saturated
- Altman, Janina,Ben-Ishai, Dov,Berkovich, Evelina
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- N -Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed amidation of aldehydes with amines via the tandem N -hydroxysuccinimide ester formation
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A facile method for the amidation of aldehydes by a cascade approach was developed. This methodology, reported for the first time, uses a N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) as the catalyst, and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) mediated synthesis of amides utilising TBHP as the oxidant. Various substituted aldehydes reacted smoothly with NHS giving the corresponding active esters in moderate to good yields, which facilely converted into amides in one pot. In addition, the drug moclobemide was synthesized to represent the practical utility of the developed methodology. This journal is
- Singh, Ashmita,Narula
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supporting information
p. 7486 - 7490
(2021/05/13)
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- Formation of 1-hydroxymethylene-1,1-bisphosphinates through the addition of a silylated phosphonite on various trivalent derivatives
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An easily handled one-pot synthetic procedure was previously developed for the synthesis of bisphosphinates starting from acyl chlorides. Herein, other trivalent derivatives as acid anhydrides and activated esters were tested to form various bisphosphinates. This modulation of the reactivity can be controlled according to the nature of the acid derivative for the use of sensitive and functionalized substrates.
- Dussart-Gautheret, Jade,Deschamp, Julia,Monteil, Maelle,Gager, Olivier,Legigan, Thibaut,Migianu-Griffoni, Evelyne,Lecouvey, Marc
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p. 14559 - 14569
(2020/12/29)
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- A photoinduced cross-dehydrogenative-coupling (CDC) reaction between aldehydes and N-hydroxyimides by a TiO2-Co ascorbic acid nanohybrid under visible light irradiation
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In this study, we performed a visible light-mediated aerobic photo-cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction between aldehydes and N-hydroxyimides using TiO2-AA-Co as a photocatalyst for the synthesis of active esters. The synergistic and selective effects of the cobalt ascorbic acid complex (Co-AA) and TiO2 nanoparticles on the visible-light photocatalytic activity were explored. The method possesses some advantages such as environmentally friendly conditions, easy work-up procedure, reusability, and scalability.
- Feizpour, Fahimeh,Jafarpour, Maasoumeh,Rezaeifard, Abdolreza
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supporting information
p. 807 - 811
(2018/02/06)
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- Iron-Nitrate-Catalyzed Oxidative Esterification of Aldehydes and Alcohols with N-Hydroxyphthalimide: Efficient Synthesis of N-Hydroxyimide Esters
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An Fe(NO3)3·9H2O-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction between N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) or N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHSI) and aldehydes or alcohols in air is described. This transformation represents an efficient approach to the preparation of N-hydroxyimide ester derivatives in moderate to excellent yields, and has a wide substrate scope.
- Xu, Xiaohe,Sun, Jian,Lin, Yuyan,Cheng, Jingya,Li, Pingping,Jiang, Xiaoying,Bai, Renren,Xie, Yuanyuan
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supporting information
p. 7160 - 7166
(2017/12/28)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of (Hetero)Aryl, Alkenyl and Allyl Halides by Means of N-Hydroxysuccinimidyl Formate as CO Surrogate
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An efficient Pd-catalyzed carbonylation protocol is described for the coupling of a large panel of aryl, heteroaryl, benzyl, vinyl and allyl halides 2 with the unusual N-hydroxysuccinimidyl (NHS) formate 1 as a CO surrogate to afford the corresponding valuable NHS esters 3. High conversion to the coupling products was achieved with up to 98% yield by means of Pd(OAc)2/Xantphos catalyst system.
- Barré, Ana?s,T?nta?, Mihaela-Liliana,Alix, Florent,Gembus, Vincent,Papamica?l, Cyril,Levacher, Vincent
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p. 6537 - 6544
(2015/10/05)
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- General method for the preparation of active esters by palladium-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of aryl bromides
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A useful method was developed for the synthesis of active esters by palladium-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of (hetero)aromatic bromides. The protocol was general for a range of oxygen nucleophiles including N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), pentafluorophenol (PFP), hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol (HFP), 4-nitrophenol, and N-hydroxyphthalimide. A high functional group tolerance was displayed, and several active esters were prepared with good to excellent isolated yields. The protocol was extended to access an important synthetic precursor to the HIV-protease inhibitor, saquinavir, by formation of an NHS ester followed by acyl substitution.
- De Almeida, Angelina M.,Andersen, Thomas L.,Lindhardt, Anders T.,De Almeida, Mauro V.,Skrydstrup, Troels
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supporting information
p. 1920 - 1928
(2015/02/19)
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- Cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) of aldehydes with N-hydroxyimides by visible light photoredox catalysis
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A photoinduced cross-dehydrogenative-coupling (CDC) reaction between aldehydes and N-hydroxyimides has been developed for the synthesis of ester derivatives. Using 2 mol% [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 in dry acetonitrile at room temperature with an LED light bulb, we were able to synthesize N-hydroxyesters in good yields. The ester derivatives are very useful synthetic intermediates, which were transformed to amide and oxazole building blocks in excellent yields. This journal is
- Dinda, Milan,Bose, Chandan,Ghosh, Tridev,Maity, Soumitra
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p. 44928 - 44932
(2015/06/02)
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- Extremely fast gas/liquid reactions in flow microreactors: Carboxylation of short-lived organolithiums
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Carboxylation of short-lived organolithiums bearing electrophilic functional groups such as nitro, cyano, and alkoxycarbonyl groups with CO 2 to give carboxylic acids and active esters was accomplished in a flow microreactor system. The successful reactions indicate that gas/liquid mass transfer and the subsequent chemical reaction with CO2 are extremely fast. Carboxylation of short-lived organolithiums bearing electrophilic functional groups such as nitro, cyano, and alkoxycarbonyl groups with CO 2 to give carboxylic acids and active esters was accomplished in a flow microreactor system. The successful reactions indicate that gas/liquid mass transfer and the subsequent chemical reaction with CO2 are extremely fast (see scheme).
- Nagaki, Aiichiro,Takahashi, Yusuke,Yoshida, Jun-Ichi
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supporting information
p. 7931 - 7934
(2014/07/07)
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- Synthesis, crystal structure and anti-fatigue effects of some benzamide derivatives
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A series of benzamide derivatives such as 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylcarbonyl) piperidine (1-BCP) were synthesized by the reaction of substituted benzoic acids with piperidine, morpholine or pyrrolidine using a novel method. The crystals of these benzamide de
- Wu, Xianglong,Fan, Wutu,Pan, Yalei,Zhai, Yuankun,Niu, Yinbo,Li, Chenrui,Mei, Qibing
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p. 1034 - 1046
(2014/02/14)
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- One-pot synthesis of hydroxamic acids from aldehydes and hydroxylamine
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A one-pot oxidative transformation of aldehydes into hydroxamic acids by the use of an aqueous solution of hydroxylamine is reported. The methodology gives high yields and makes use of cheap, abundant and easily available reagents.
- Dettori, Giovanna,Gaspa, Silvia,Porcheddu, Andrea,De Luca, Lidia
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supporting information
p. 2709 - 2713
(2014/09/17)
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- 3D-QSAR study of adamantyl N-benzylbenzamides as melanogenesis inhibitors
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Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) modeling, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) of polyhydroxylated N-benzylbenzamide derivatives containing an
- Hong, Yong Deog,Baek, Heung Soo,Cho, Haelim,Ahn, Soo Mi,Rho, Ho Sik,Park, Young-Ho,Joo, Yung Hyup,Shin, Song Seok
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p. 667 - 673
(2014/01/23)
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- Iodide-catalyzed amide synthesis from alcohols and amines
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An efficient method to prepare amides by a cascade strategy was developed. Using nBu4NI or NaI as the catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant, various alcohols reacted with N-hydroxysuccinimide or N-hydroxyphthalimide affording corresponding active esters in moderate to good yield. The resulting active esters were converted into amides smoothly in one pot. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.
- Wang, Gao,Yu, Qing-Ying,Wang, Jian,Wang, Shan,Chen, Shan-Yong,Yu, Xiao-Qi
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p. 21306 - 21310
(2013/11/06)
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- A copper-catalysed amidation of aldehydes via N-hydroxysuccinimide ester formation
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A copper-catalysed oxidative amidation of aldehydes via N-hydroxysuccinimide ester formation is reported. The methodology employed to prepare amides directly from aldehydes has a very wide scope, is high yielding, and does not need dry conditions. This cross-coupling reaction appears to be simple and makes use of cheap, abundant and easily available reagents.
- Pilo, Monica,Porcheddu, Andrea,De Luca, Lidia
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p. 8241 - 8246
(2013/12/04)
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- Aerobic amide bond formation with N-hydroxysuccinimide
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Breathe easy: Molecular oxygen is one of the most abundant, atom-efficient, and economical oxidants. An aerobic oxidative amide formation from aldehydes and amines is reported. The method uses a catalytic amount of Co(OAc) 2 and N-hydroxysuccinimide as reaction promoters. It is applicable to chiral substrates without loss of their optical purity. Copyright
- Yao, Haoyi,Yamamoto, Kana
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1542 - 1545
(2012/09/08)
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- Metal-free oxidative amide formation with N-hydroxysuccinimide and hypervalent iodine reagents
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An oxidative amide formation using N-hydroxysuccinimide and hypervalent iodine reagents was developed. The method enables a wide range of aldehydes and amines to be coupled under mild reaction conditions providing amide in good to excellent yield. The radical species in the reaction mixture was observed for the first time using ESR measurement, and along with other mechanistic investigations, a plausible mechanism of the reaction was proposed.
- Yao, Haoyi,Tang, Yun,Yamamoto, Kana
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5094 - 5098
(2012/10/08)
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- Structure-based design and synthesis of the first weak non-phosphate inhibitors for IspF, an enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis
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In this paper, we describe the structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of cytosine derivatives and analogues that inhibit IspF, an enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. This pathway is responsible for the biosynthesis of the C5 precursors to isoprenoids, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP, 1) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP, 2; Scheme 1). The non-mevalonate pathway is the sole source for 1 and 2 in the protozoan Plasmodium parasites. Since mammals exclusively utilize the alternative mevalonate pathway, the enzymes of the non-mevalonate pathway have been identified as attractive new drug targets in the fight against malaria. Based on computer modeling (cf. Figs. 2 and 3), new cytosine derivatives and analogues (Fig. 1) were selected as potential drug-like inhibitors of IspF protein, and synthesized (Schemes 2-5). Determination of the enzyme activity by 13C-NMR spectroscopy in the presence of the new ligands showed inhibitory activities for some of the prepared cytosine and pyridine-2,5-diamine derivatives in the upper micromolar range (IC50 values; Table). The data suggest that it is possible to inhibit IspF protein without binding to the polar diphosphate binding site and the side chain of Asp56′, which interacts with the ribose moiety of the substrate and substrate analogues. Furthermore, a new spacious sub-pocket was discovered which accommodates aromatic spacers between cytosine derivatives or analogues (binding to 'Pocket III') and rings that occupy the flexible hydrophobic region of 'Pocket II'. The proposed binding mode remains to be further validated by X-ray crystallography.
- Baumgartner, Corinne,Eberle, Christian,Diederich, Francois,Lauw, Susan,Rohdich, Felix,Eisenreich, Wolfgang,Bacher, Adelbert
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p. 1043 - 1068
(2008/03/13)
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- N-hydroxysuccinimide-promoted oxidation of primary alcohols and aldehydes to form active esters with hypervalent(III) iodine
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A simple, mild, and efficient method for the conversion of primary alcohols and aldehydes to N-hydroxysuccinimide esters with (diacetoxyiodo)benzene in high yield is developed. N-Hydroxysuccinimide acts not only as an esterification partner but also as an activator of PhI(OAc)2 in this reaction. Copyright
- Wang, Naiwei,Liu, Renhua,Xu, Qing,Liang, Xinmiao
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p. 566 - 567
(2007/10/03)
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- PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF PHENOLS TO CARBOXAMIDES VIA THE SUCCINIMIDE ESTERS
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A process for converting an aryl triflate, heteroaryl triflate, aryl halide or heteroaryl halide to an N-hydroxysuccinimido este is disclosed. The process involves reacting the triflate or halide with carbon monoxide and N-hydroxysuccinimide in a solvent in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a base.
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- IBX-mediated conversion of primary alcohols and aldehydes to N-hydroxysuccinimide esters
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Recently, the use of the hypervalent iodine reagent 1-hydroxy-1,2- benziodoxol-3(1H)-one 1-oxide (IBX) for the oxidation of primary alcohols and aldehydes to carboxylic acids was described. During the synthesis of these carboxylic acids the corresponding N-hydroxysuccinimide esters were formed as intermediate products, but their isolation as main reaction products was not successful. We report herein a simple and very efficient method to prepare these synthetically valuable active esters.
- Schulze, Agnes,Giannis, Athanassios
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p. 252 - 256
(2007/10/03)
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- Preparation of N-hydroxysuccinimido esters via palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl triflates and halides
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N-Hydroxysuccinimido esters of aromatic carboxylic acids (a.k.a. active esters) can be made using a potentially general, one-step procedure via Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of an aryl triflate or aryl iodide with CO and N-hydroxysuccinimide. Excellent yields (up to 94%) were observed when the reaction was done in DMSO at 70°C and 1 atmosphere of CO pressure.
- Lou, Rongliang,VanAlstine, Melissa,Sun, Xufeng,Wentland, Mark P.
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p. 2477 - 2480
(2007/10/03)
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- IBX-mediated oxidation of primary alcohols and aldehydes to form carboxylic acids
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Under mild conditions and without the use of toxic metals, the oxidation of primary alcohols and aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids with 1-hydroxy-1,2-benziodoxole-3(1H)-one-1-oxide (IBX) proceeds in the presence of 1-hydroxypyridine or N-hydroxysuccinimide (see scheme). The reaction tolerates a wide variety of functional groups.
- Mazitschek, Ralph,Muelbaier, Marcel,Giannis, Athanassios
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p. 4059 - 4061
(2007/10/03)
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- Benextramine-neuropeptide Y receptor interactions: Contribution of the benzylic moieties to [3H]neuropeptide Y displacement activity
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Analogs of N,N'-bis[6-[(2-methoxybenzyl)amino]hex-1-yl]cystamine (benextramine, BXT, 2) were synthesized using solution-phase peptide synthesis methodology and analyzed for activity in displacing specifically bound 1 nM N-[propionyl-3H]neuropeptide Y([3H]NPY) from benextramine- sensitive neuropeptide Y (NPY) binding sites in rat brain. Our new synthetic approach to these analogs began with the acylation of cystamine with the N- hydroxysuccinimide ester of tert-butyloxycarbonyl (t-Boc) protected 6- aminohexanoic acid, followed by deprotection of the t-Boc groups with 4 N HCl in dioxane. Acylation of this symmetric diamine with N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of appropriately substituted benzoic acids, followed by reduction of the resultant tetraamides with diborane in refluxing THF, afforded the target compounds. The BXT analog lacking the benzylic group (i.e., compound 11) had no [3H]NPY displacement activity at concentrations up to 1.4 x 10-3 M. The 9-fold range in activities observed for the ortho, meta, and para regioisomers of the methoxy, chloro, and hydroxy benextramine analogs at benextramine-sensitive NPY rat brain binding sites does not differ from the range of potencies observed at α-adrenoceptors. However, the order of potencies at [3H]NPY sites differs from the order of potencies at α- adrenoceptors, with the m-methoxyphenyl (9a), m-hydroxyphenyl (10b), and 2- naphthyl (9f) analogs being the most active at [3H]NPY binding sites. The present results demonstrate the importance of the benzylic moiety for BXT's NPY antagonist activity, and suggest that the BXT binding site on the NPY receptor is significantly distinct from that on the α-adrenoceptor.
- Doughty,Chaurasia,Li
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p. 272 - 279
(2007/10/02)
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- Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Aminolysis of N-Hydroxysuccinimide Esters in Aqueous Buffers
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Rate constants for the aminolysis of the N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester of p-methoxybenzoic acid, in aqueous buffer systems (20percent dioxane), have been determined under pseudo-first-order conditions.For the amines studied (pKa = 7.60-11.1), the data fit the rate expression kobsd - kOH--> = k1free.This rate equation is in contrast to the two-term rate equation (kobsd = k1 + k22) obtained for this reaction in anhydrous dioxane (Cline, G.W.; Hanna, S.B.J.Am.Chem.Soc 1987, 109, 3087) and is suggestive of a disproportionate decrease in the catalyzed vs the uncatalyzed reaction path upon changing from a nonaqueous to an aqueous solvent system.The correlation of amine basicity with the nucleophilic rate constant, k1, yields a slope βnuc = 1.0.The magnitude of βnuc, in terms of a reaction mechanism where a tetrahedral intermediate is formed in a fast preequilibrium followed by rate-determining breakdown to products, reflects the sensitivity to changes in charge accumulation in the formation of the tetrahedral intermediate.The resultant increased rate constants, with increased basicity, are due to the effect of an increased concentration of the tetrahedral intermediate.A qualitative evaluation of the literature and current data concerning the leaving ability of N-hydroxy esters, in comparison to phenyl esters (equivalent acyl groups and nucleophiles), reveals that, with leaving groups of comparable basicity, the nucleophilic rate constants for N-hydroxy esters are about 2 orders of magnitude greater than that for phenyl esters.
- Cline, Gary W.,Hanna, Samir B.
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p. 3583 - 3586
(2007/10/02)
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- N-Acylphenylalanines and Related Compounds. A New Class of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
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N-Benzoyl-DL-phenylalanine (1) was found to possess hypoglycemic activity.A series of the analogues of compound 1 were prepared and evaluated for their blood glucose lowering activity.Both the steric effects of the phenylalanine moiety and the effects of variations in the acyl moiety were investigated.This study elucidated some of the structure-activity relationships and led to the development of N-(4-ethylbenzoyl)-D-phenylalanine (34), which was 50 times more potent than the initial compound 1.
- Shinkai, Hisashi,Toi, Koji,Kumashiro, Izumi,Seto, Yoshiko,Fukuma, Mariko,et al.
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p. 2092 - 2097
(2007/10/02)
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