303763-39-5Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis of a muscarinic receptor antagonist via a diastereoselective Michael reaction, selective deoxyfluorination and aromatic metal-halogen exchange reaction
Mase,Houpis,Akao,Dorziotis,Emerson,Hoang,Iida,Itoh,Kamei,Kato,Kato,Kawasaki,Lang,Lee,Lynch,Maligres,Molina,Nemoto,Okada,Reamer,Song,Tschaen,Wada,Zewge,Volante,Reider,Tomimoto
, p. 6775 - 6786 (2007/10/03)
An efficient synthesis of a structurally unique, novel M3 antagonist 1 is described. Compound 1 is conveniently disconnected retrosynthetically at the amide bond to reveal the acid portion 2 and the amine fragment 3. The synthesis of key intermediate 2 is highlighted by a ZnCl2-MAEP complex 19 catalyzed diastereoselective Michael reaction of dioxolane 7 with 2-cyclopenten-1-one (5) to establish the contiguous quaternary-tertiary chiral centers and a subsequent geminal difluorination of ketone 17 using Deoxofluor in the presence of catalytic BF3·OEt2. The synthesis of the amine moiety 3 is highlighted by the discovery of a novel n-Bu3MgLi magnesium-halogen exchange reaction for selective functionalization of 2,6-dibromopyridine. This new and practical metalation protocol obviated cryogenic conditions and upon quenching with DMF gave 6-bromo-2-formylpyridine (26) in excellent yield. Further transformations afforded the amine fragment 3 via reductive amination with 35, Pd-catalyzed aromatic amination, and deprotection. Finally, the highly convergent synthesis of 1 was accomplished by coupling of the two fragments. This synthesis has been used to prepare multi-kilogram quantities of the bulk drug.
Amination of aryl halides using copper catalysis
Lang, Fengrui,Zewge, Daniel,Houpis, Ioannis N.,Volante
, p. 3251 - 3254 (2007/10/03)
Bromopyridine 4 was converted into aminopyridine 5 under Cu2O catalysis with an ethylene glycol solution of ammonia in excellent yield (90%). The amination reaction features low (0.5 mol%) catalyst loading, mild reaction temperature (80°C) and low reaction pressure (50 psi). This protocol is further studied in the amination of a variety of aryl halides.
