- Glycosylation chemistry promoted by iodine monobromide: Efficient synthesis of glycosyl bromides from thioglycosides, and O-glycosides from 'disarmed' thioglycosides and glycosyl bromides
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Iodine monobromide has been found to be an efficient reagent for the conversion of both 'armed' and 'disarmed' thioglycosides (-SMe, -SPr(i), - SPh) into glycosyl bromides. This reagent is compatible with most common protecting groups, and O-glycosidic linkages. The additional potency of I- Br, compared to iodine, as an iodonium ion source also permits the glycosylation of sugar alcohols by 'disarmed' glycosyl bromides and thioglycosides.
- Kartha, K. P. Ravindranathan,Field, Robert A.
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- Synthesis of P1-(11-phenoxyundecyl)-P2-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-α-D-rhamnopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl) diphosphate and P1-(11-phenoxyundecyl)-P2-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl) diphosphate for the investigation of biosynthesis of O-antigenic polysaccharides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli O104
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Two new phenoxyundecyl diphosphate sugars were synthesized for the first time: P1-(11-phenoxyundecyl)-P2- (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-α-D-rhamnopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl) diphosphate and P1-(11-phenoxyundecyl)-P2-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl) diphosphate to study the third step of biosynthesis of the repeating units of O-antigenic polysaccharides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E.coli O104 respectively.
- Torgov, Vladimir,Danilov, Leonid,Utkina, Natalia,Veselovsky, Vladimir,Brockhausen, Inka
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- Synthesis of glycoside derivatives of hydroxyanthraquinone with ability to dissolve and inhibit formation of crystals of calcium oxalate. Potential compounds in kidney stone therapy
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Synthesis of glycosyl derivatives of hydroxyanthraquinones (6-10) potentially useful for kidney stone therapy is presented. These compounds were analyzed as inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystals formation as well as substances with the ability of dissolving crystalline calcium oxalate. In addition, the effect of the compounds obtained on real kidney stones was analyzed by ex vivo tests. The tests on L929 and A545 cell lines have shown that the compounds obtained were not cytotoxic.
- Frackowiak, Anna,Skibiński, Przemys?aw,Gawe?, Wies?aw,Zaczyńska, Ewa,Czarny, Anna,Gancarz, Roman
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- In Situ Preparation of β-D-1-O-Hydroxylamino Carbohydrate Polymers Mediated by Galactose Oxidase
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(Equation Presented) Galactose oxidase produced a C-6 aldehyde in various terminal-containing galactose hydroxylamines for the simultaneous in situ generation of an A-B type condensation for the construction of unique oxime polymers. Molecular weights of the corresponding polymers were determined to be in the range of 4200-8900 g/mol, respectively. This indicates that approximately 20-25 sugar units were incorporated in these unique polymers.
- Andreana, Peter R.,Xie, Wenhua,Cheng, Huai N.,Qiao, Lei,Murphy, Dennis J.,Gu, Qu-Ming,Wang, Peng G.
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- Probing bacterial-toxin inhibition with synthetic glycopolymers prepared by tandem post-polymerization modification: Role of linker length and carbohydrate density
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Probing the depths: A tandem post-polymerization modification strategy was used to systematically probe the multivalent inhibition of a bacterial toxin as a function of linker length (see scheme), carbohydrate density, and glycopolymer chain length. Guided by structural-biology information, the binding-pocket depth of the toxin was probed and used as a means to specifically improve inhibition of the toxin by the glycopolymer. Copyright
- Richards, Sarah-Jane,Jones, Mathew W.,Hunaban, Mark,Haddleton, David M.,Gibson, Matthew I.
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- Convenient synthesis of glycosylated hydroxylysine derivatives for use in solid-phase peptide synthesis
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δ-O-Glycosylated 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-hydroxylysine (Fmoc-Hyl) derivatives have been conveniently prepared by introduction of a β-D- galactopyranosyl group to copper-complexed Hyl[ε-tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc)] or Hyl[ε-allyloxycarbonyl (Aloc)], followed by decomposition of the copper complex and addition of an Fmoc group to the α-amino group. Fmoc- Hyl[ε-Boc,O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)] was used in the solid-phase synthesis of a type IV collagen derived sequence. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Malkar, Navdeep B.,Lauer-Fields, Janelle L.,Fields, Gregg B.
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- N-Oxyamide-linked glycoglycerolipid coated AuNPs for receptor-targeting imaging and drug delivery
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The synthesis of a series of new N-oxyamide-linked glycoglycerolipids and their assembly with gold nanoparticles for receptor-targeting imaging and drug delivery are reported.
- Chen, Na,Yu, Zhi-Hao,Zhou, Dan,Hu, Xi-Le,Zang, Yi,He, Xiao-Peng,Li, Jia,Xie, Juan
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- Application of Ugi reactions in synthesis of divalent neoglycoconjugates: Evidence that the sugars are presented in restricted conformation
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(Equation presented) The Ugi reaction has been used to prepare divalent galactose derivatives. NMR analysis shows that a divalent neoglycoconjugate, where the glycopeptides are bridged by a terephthaloyl group, is an 83:17 mixture of two conformers; the amide groups of the major isomer have E-anti conformations. The spatial relationship and the relative orientation of the sugars are restricted, which may have consequences for the recognition of this and related structures in biological systems.
- Bradley, Helena,Fitzpatrick, Geraldine,Glass, W. Kenneth,Kunz, Horst,Murphy, Paul V.
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- Design, Synthesis, biological investigations and molecular interactions of triazole linked tacrine glycoconjugates as Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with reduced hepatotoxicity
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Tacrine is a known Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors having hepatotoxicity as main liability associated with it. The present study aims to reduce its hepatotoxicity by synthesizing tacrine linked triazole glycoconjugates via Huisgen's [3 + 2] cycloaddition of anomeric azides and terminal acetylenes derived from tacrine. A series of triazole based glycoconjugates containing both acetylated (A-1 to A-7) and free sugar hydroxyl groups (A-8 to A-14) at the amino position of tacrine were synthesized in good yield taking aid from molecular docking studies and evaluated for their in vitro AChE inhibition activity as well as hepatotoxicity. All the hybrids were found to be non-toxic on HePG2 cell line at 200 μM (100 % cell viability) as compared to tacrine (35 % cell viability) after 24 h of incubation period. Enzyme kinetic studies carried out for one of the potent hybrids in the series A-1 (IC50 0.4 μM) revealed its mixed inhibition approach. Thus, compound A-1 can be used as principle template to further explore the mechanism of action of different targets involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) which stands as an adequate chemical probe to be launched in an AD drug discovery program.
- Ahmed, Ajaz,Bhagat, Kavita,Choudhary, Sushil,Kaur Gulati, Harmandeep,Kumar, Ajay,Kumar, Nitish,Mukherjee, Debaraj,Singh Bedi, Preet Mohinder,Singh, Atamjit,Singh, Harbinder,Vir Singh, Jatinder
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3β-O-neoglycosides of caudatin and its analogues as potential anticancer agents
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In order to study the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of C21-steroidal glycosides toward human cancer cell lines and explore more potential anticancer agents, a series of 3β-O-neoglycosides of caudatin and its analogues were synthesized. The results revealed that most of peracetylated 3β-O-monoglycosides demonstrated moderate to significant antiproliferative activities against four human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HCT-116, HeLa, and HepG2). Among them, 3β-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β-L-glucopyranosyl)-caudatin (2k) exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity aganist HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 3.11 μM. Mechanical studies showed that compound 2k induced both apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S phase in a dose dependent manner. Overall, these present findings suggested that glycosylation is a promising scaffold to improve anticancer activity for naturally occurring C21-steroidal aglycones, and compound 2k represents a potential anticancer agent deserved further investigation.
- Li, Xiao-San,Chen, Tang-Ji,Xu, Zhi-Peng,Long, Juan,He, Miao-Ying,Zhan, He-Hui,Zhuang, Hai-Cai,Wang, Qi-Lin,Liu, Li,Yang, Xue-Mei,Tang, Jin-Shan
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- Synthesis of fluorinated thiodigalactoside analogues
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In this work, we report the first synthesis of fluorinated thiodigalactoside analogues. We used tri-isopropylsilyl thioglycosides as masked glycosyl thiol nucleophiles for the elaboration of two monofluorinated heterodimers, one difluorinated homodimer, and one difluorinated heterodimer. Moreover, we also present an alternative synthesis of 3-deoxy-3-fluorogalactose and 4-deoxy-4-fluorogalactose from a common precursor. Finally, this small set of more stable thiodigalactoside analogues could be interesting inhibitors of galactose-specific lectins.
- St-Gelais, Jacob,Leclerc, Christina,Giguère, Denis
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- Synthesis of malformin-A1, C, a glycan, and an aglycon analog: Potential scaffolds for targeted cancer therapy
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Improvement in therapeutic efficacy while reducing chemotherapeutic side effects remains a vital objective in synthetic design for cancer treatment. In keeping with the ethos of therapeutic development and inspired by the Warburg effect for augmenting biological activities of the malformin family of cyclic-peptide natural products, specifically anti-tumor activity, a β-glucoside of malformin C has been designed and synthesized utilizing precise glycosylation and solution phase peptide synthesis. We optimized several glycosylation procedures utilizing different donors and acceptors. The overarching goal of this study was to ensure a targeted delivery of a glyco-malformin C analog through the coupling of D-glucose moiety; selective transport via glucose transporters (GLUTs) into tumor cells, followed by hydrolysis in the tumor microenvironment releasing the active malformin C a glycon analog. Furthermore, total synthesis of malformin C was carried out with overall improved strategies avoiding unwanted side reactions thus increasing easier purification. We also report on an improved solid phase peptide synthesis protocol for malformin A1.
- Andreana, Peter R.,Hossain, Farzana,Nishat, Sharmeen
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- GLYCOSIDE COMPOUND AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR, COMPOSITION, APPLICATION, AND INTERMEDIATE
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The present invention discloses a glycoside compound represented by Formula III, and a preparation method, a composition, use and an intermediate thereof. The glycoside compound provided in the present invention has simple preparation method, can significantly increase the expression of VEGF-A mRNA, and is effective in promoting the angiogenesis. This provides a reliable guarantee for the development of drugs with pro-angiogenic activity for treating cerebral infarction cerebral stroke, myocardial infarction, and ischemic microcirculatory disturbance of lower limbs.
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Paragraph 0151; 0154; 0335-0337
(2021/04/23)
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- Excited-State Palladium-Catalyzed 1,2-Spin-Center Shift Enables Selective C-2 Reduction, Deuteration, and Iodination of Carbohydrates
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Excited-state catalysis, a process that involves one or more excited catalytic species, has emerged as a powerful tool in organic synthesis because it allows access to the excited-state reaction landscape for the discovery of novel chemical reactivity. Herein, we report the first excited-state palladium-catalyzed 1,2-spin-center shift reaction that enables site-selective functionalization of carbohydrates. The strategy features mild reaction conditions with high levels of regio- and stereoselectivity that tolerate a wide range of functional groups and complex molecular architectures. Mechanistic studies suggest a radical mechanism involving the formation of hybrid palladium species that undergoes a 1,2-spin-center shift followed by the reduction, deuteration, and iodination to afford functionalized 2-deoxy sugars. The new reactivity will provide a general approach for the rapid generation of natural and unnatural carbohydrates.
- Zhao, Gaoyuan,Yao, Wang,Mauro, Jaclyn N.,Ngai, Ming-Yu
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supporting information
p. 1728 - 1734
(2021/02/06)
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- Nickel-Catalyzed Radical Migratory Coupling Enables C-2 Arylation of Carbohydrates
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Nickel catalysis offers exciting opportunities to address unmet challenges in organic synthesis. Herein we report the first nickel-catalyzed radical migratory cross-coupling reaction for the direct preparation of 2-Aryl-2-deoxyglycosides from readily available 1-bromosugars and arylboronic acids. The reaction features a broad substrate scope and tolerates a wide range of functional groups and complex molecular architectures. Preliminary experimental and computational studies suggest a concerted 1,2-Acyloxy rearrangement via a cyclic five-membered-ring transition state followed by nickel-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation. The novel reactivity provides an efficient route to valuable C-2-Arylated carbohydrate mimics and building blocks, allows for new strategic bond disconnections, and expands the reactivity profile of nickel catalysis.
- Zhao, Gaoyuan,Yao, Wang,Kevlishvili, Ilia,Mauro, Jaclyn N.,Liu, Peng,Ngai, Ming-Yu
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supporting information
p. 8590 - 8596
(2021/06/28)
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- Synthesis and structural characterization of new benzylidene glycosides, cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines and molecular modeling studies
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This work describes the synthesis, structural characterization (by combined Fourier Transform Infrared - FTIR, 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - NMR spectroscopy and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry - HRMS) and biological evaluation of a new series of glycosides designed from a benzylidene glucoside derived from eugenol (23) active against Candida glabrata. The mass accuracy between the calculated and found values observed in HRMS analyses were lower than 5 ppm, which are acceptable for proposing a molecular formula using this technique. We decided to keep the benzylidene group of 23, while changing either the saccharide unit (glucose or galactose) or the natural aglycone (eugenol, isoeugenol, dihydroeugenol or guaiacol) to check their influence in antifungal activity. Since the chemical modifications performed did not contribute to enhance the antifungal activity, the synthesized compounds (23–30) were further screened against four cancer cell lines (HeLa: cervix carcinoma; MDA-MB-231: breast carcinoma; T-24: urinary bladder carcinoma; and TOV-21G: ovarian carcinoma). The glucoside 27 showed promising activities (IC50 10.08–59.91 μM) against all the assayed cancer cell lines and higher values of selectivity index than doxorubicin, the control drug. The galactoside 28 demonstrated interesting results against HeLa, MDA-MB-231 and T-24 cells. This compound was active at 17.41 μM with a selectivity index greater than 13.7 against the HeLa cells, while doxorubicin was active at 10.01 μM with a selectivity index close to 1.5 considering this cell line. Further, we performed docking studies of these compounds with type II topoisomerase-DNA complex (TOP2) in order to try to explain their mechanism of action.
- Péret, Vinícius Augusto Campos,Reis, Adriana Cotta Cardoso,Silva, Naiara Chaves,Dias, Amanda Latercia Tranches,Carvalho, Diogo Teixeira,Dias, Danielle Ferreira,Braga, Saulo Fehelberg Pinto,Brand?o, Geraldo Célio,de Souza, Thiago Belarmino
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- Halogenation and anomerization of glycopyranoside by TESH/bromine and BHQ/bromine
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Treatment of peracetylated glycosides and β-isopropyl glycosides with halogen in the presence of TESH and BHQ has been found to result in the halogenation and the anomerization, respectively. Peracetylatedglycosides treaded with I2/TESH or Br2/TESH leading tothe formation of corresponding glycosyl halides, and b-isopropyl glycosidesreacted with Br2/BHQ resulting in the formation of a-glycosides. The anomerizationof glycosidic bond was considered to be catalyzed by in situ formation of hydrogenbromide from the mixing of Br2/BHQ.
- Xu, Lai,Luo, Chin-Hung,Chen, Chien-Sheng
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p. 315 - 321
(2020/07/13)
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- A galactosidase-activatable fluorescent probe for detection of bacteria based on bodipy
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Pathogenic E. coli infection is one of the most widespread foodborne diseases, so the development of sensitive, reliable and easy operating detection tests is a key issue for food safety. Identifying bacteria with a fluorescent medium is more sensitive and faster than using chromogenic media. This study designed and synthesized a β-galactosidase-activatable fluorescent probe BOD-Gal for the sensitive detection of E. coli. It employed a biocompatible and photostable 4,4-difluoro-3a,4a-diaza-s-indancene (BODIPY) as the fluorophore to form a β-O-glycosidic bond with galactose, allowing the BOD-Gal to show significant on-off fluorescent signals for in vitro and in vivo bacterial detection. This work shows the potential for the use of a BODIPY based enzyme substrate for pathogen detection.
- Chen, Xi,Cui, Jing-Jing,Liu, Yu-Cong,Wu, Fang-Ying,Xiao, Qiang
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supporting information
(2021/10/20)
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- Convenient synthesis of long alkyl-chain triazolylglycosides using ionic liquid as dual promoter-solvent: Readily access to non-ionic triazolylglycoside surfactants for evaluation of cytotoxic activity
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A convenient method for the one-pot synthesis of long alkyl-chain triazolylglycosides using ionic liquid as dual promoter and solvent is described via a sequential one-pot two-step glycosidation-CuAAc click reaction. The reaction was carried out using commercially available substrates, including glycosyl bromides, sodium azide and various long alkyl-chain alkynes to achieve the corresponding products in moderate to high yields. Furthermore, this approach was successfully applied for the preparation of non-ionic monocatenary triazolylglycoside surfactants in excellent yields through simple deacetylation. Subsequently, these surfactants were further evaluated for their cytotoxic activity.
- Ketsomboon, Nutthanicha,Saeeng, Rungnapha,Sirion, Uthaiwan,Srisook, Klaokwan
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- Efficient and reproducible synthesis of an Fmoc-protected Tn antigen
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This concise total synthesis of the Thomsen-Nouveau (Tn) glycoconjugate was accomplished using a palladium-catalyzed coupling between the glycosyl donor and Fmoc-protected serine acceptor. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the shortest synthesis reported from galactose for preparing this essential building block for large-scale solid phase peptide synthesis.
- Chapa-Villarreal, Fabiola A.,Chiaramonte, Jonathan,Piazza, Sabrina M.,Reynolds, Michael R.,Trant, John F.,Xu, Peihan
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supporting information
p. 19224 - 19227
(2021/11/09)
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- Synthesis of podophyllotoxin-glycosyl triazoles via click protocol mediated by silver (I)-N-heterocyclic carbenes and their anticancer evaluation as topoisomerase-II inhibitors
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Herein we report the regioselective synthesis of podophyllotoxin-Glycosyl triazole hybrids catalysed by Ag(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene (Ag(I)-NHC) in a short reaction time (～30 min) at ambient conditions. In principle, it is the first report of Click alkyne-azide cycloaddition catalysed by Ag(I)-NHC catalyst and moreover, this new methodology yielded good results when compared with traditional CuAAC in terms of reaction time and selectivity. The synthesised compounds were further explored for in vitro anticancer activity against four human cancer cell lines Du145, HeLa, A-549, and MCF-7 and found that these synthesised compounds possess significant anticancer activity. Further, the compounds 5a and 5e were identified as promising leads due to their better activity across all cell lines than that of the standard drug etoposide. Molecular docking studies of 5a & 5e with DNA Topoisomerase-II were revealed that the free energy calculations of active compounds were in good agreement with observed IC50 values.
- Nerella, Srinivas,Kankala, Shravankumar,Gavaji, Brahmeshwari
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- Galactose-clicked curcumin-mediated reversal of meropenem resistance among klebsiella pneumoniae by targeting its carbapenemases and the AcrAB-TolC efflux system
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In over eighty years, despite successive antibiotics discoveries, the rapid advent of multidrug resistance among bacterial pathogens has jolted our misapprehension of success over them. Resistance is spreading faster than the discovery of new antibiotics/antimicrobials. Therefore, the search for better antimicrobials/additives becomes prudent. A water-soluble curcumin derivative (Curaq) was synthesised, employing a Cu (I) catalysed 1, 3-cyclo addition reaction; it has been evaluated as a potential treatment for multidrug-resistant isolates and as an antibiotic adjuvant for meropenem against hypervirulent multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. We also investigated its solubility and effect over carbapenemase activity. Additionally, we investigated its impact on the AcrAB-TolC system. We found that Curaq inhibited bacterial growth at a minimal concentration of 16 ug/mL; at a 32 ug/mL concentration, it killed bacterial growth completely. Only nine (9.4%) Klebsiella isolates were sensitive to meropenem; however, after synergising with Curaq (8 ug/mL), 85 (88.54%) hvKP isolates became sensitive to the drug. The Curaq also inhibited the AcrAB-TolC efflux system at 1 ug/mL concentration by disrupting the membrane potential and causing depolarisation. The kinetic parameters obtained also indicated its promise as a carbapenemase inhibitor. These results suggest that Curaq can be an excellent drug candidate as a broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-efflux agent.
- Yadav, Shivangi,Singh, Ashish Kumar,Agrahari, Anand K.,Pandey, Akhilesh Kumar,Gupta, Munesh Kumar,Chakravortty, Dipshikha,Tiwari, Vinod Kumar,Prakash, Pradyot
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- Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of novel n-glycosyl hydrazino carbothioamide
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In view of applications of N-glycosylated compounds in medicinal chemistry and in many other ways, herein the synthesis of novel N-glycosyl hydrazino carbothioamides is reported. New N-glycosyl hydrazino carbothioamides were synthesized by the condensation of per-O-acetyl glycosyl isothiocyanate with different aromatic hydrazides. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by using the IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral studies. Antimicrobial evaluation of the synthesized N-glycosyl hydrazino carbothioamide was also examined. Antimicrobial activities of the synthesized compound were evaluated against bacteria E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. pyogenus and fungi C. albicans, A. niger and A. clavatus. All the N-glycosyl hydrazino carbothioamides exhibit promising antimicrobial activity.
- Nayak, Riddhi A.,Mangte, Anvita D.
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p. 127 - 131
(2021/01/06)
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- Visible-light-promoted 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl glycoside activation and glycosylation
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A new glycosylation method promoted by visible light with 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl glycoside as the donor was developed. This protocol delivers bothO-glycosides andN-glycosides in moderate to excellent yields using a wide range ofO-nucleophiles and nucleobases as the glycosyl acceptors.
- Cao, Yafei,Li, Qin,Liu, Da-Ke,Liu, Jianhui,Mao, Run-Ze,Xia, Feng,Xiong, De-Cai,Ye, Xin-Shan,Zhou, Minmin,Zou, You
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supporting information
p. 10899 - 10902
(2021/10/25)
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- Development of Asialoglycoprotein-Mediated Hepatocyte-Targeting Antitumor Prodrugs Triggered by Glutathione
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One antitumor β-elemene derivative W-105 and three novel hepatocyte-targeting prodrugs (W-1-5, W-2-9, and W-3-8) were designed and synthesized. W-105 (IC50 6.107 μM) could cause cell apoptosis through upregulating the activity of caspase-3. The hepatocyte-targeting capacities of the aimed compounds followed the W-105 (parent compound) W-1-5 (monodentate-galactose) W-2-9 (bidentate-galactose) W-3-8 (tridentate-galactose) order, which is attributed to the excellent affinity of the galactose ligand to ASGPR and the galactose-cluster recognition effect. Furthermore, prodrugs W-3-8 exhibited good antitumor activity and low toxic side effects. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assays revealed that prodrugs (W-1-5, W-2-9, and W-3-8) could release the antitumor pharmacophore in the presence of GSH (mimic the condition of the tumor cell) and maintain the low-toxic structures in the absence of GSH (mimic the condition of the normal cell). The release mechanisms of prodrugs were also proposed. Overall, these prodrugs developed in this study had potential in the treatment of liver cancer.
- Li, Yajie,Li, Zhenjie,Liang, Jian,Liu, Feiyang,Luo, Tingrong,Pu, Chunxiao,Wang, Jianyi,Wang, Mian,Yi, Qingyuan
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supporting information
p. 14793 - 14808
(2021/10/20)
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- CuAAC mediated synthesis of cyclen cored glycodendrimers of high sugar tethers at low generation
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Glycodendrimers are receiving considerable attention to mimic a number of imperative features of cell surface glycoconjugate and acquired excellent relevance to a wide domain of investigations including medicine, pharmaceutics, catalysis, nanotechnology, carbohydrate-protein interaction, and moreover in drug delivery systems. Toward this end, an expeditious, modular, and regioselective triazole-forming CuAAC click approach along with double stage convergent synthetic method was chosen to develop a variety of novel chlorine-containing cyclen cored glycodendrimers of high sugar tethers at low generation of promising therapeutic potential. We developed a novel chlorine-containing hypercore unit with 12 alkynyl functionality originated from cyclen scaffold which was confirmed by its single crystal X-ray data analysis. Further, the modular CuAAC technique was utilized to produce a variety of novel 12–sugar coated (G0) glycodendrimers 12-15 adorn with β-Glc-, β-Man-, β-Gal-, β-Lac, along with 36-galactose coated (G1) glycodendrimer 18 in good-to-high yield. The structures of the developed glycodendrimer architectures have been well elucidated by extensive spectral analysis including NMR (1H & 13CNMR), HRMS, MALDI-TOF MS, UV–Vis, IR, and SEC (Size Exclusion Chromatogram) data.
- Agrahari, Anand K.,Jaiswal, Manoj K.,Yadav, Mangal S.,Tiwari, Vinod K.
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- CHARGE VARIANT LINKERS
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The present disclosure provides, inter alia, ADCs with charge variant chemical linkers useful in treating various diseases such as cancer and autoimmune disorders.
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Page/Page column 219
(2021/10/15)
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- COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS RELATED TO MOLECULAR CONJUGATION
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The invention relates to activated Michael acceptor (AMA) compounds that can undergo conjugation with biomolecules containing Michael donor moieties, thereby providing plasma-stable antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Pharmaceutical compositions of the ADCs are disclosed as well. Also provided herein are a number of applications (e.g., therapeutic applications) in which the compositions are useful.
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Page/Page column 72
(2021/06/11)
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- Synthesis of photolabile group protected anomeric acetals and its application in carbohydrate synthesis with the assistance of continuous flow photo-reactor
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Selective deprotection of photolabile anomeric 2-nitrobenzyl acetals was achieved using continuous flow photo-reactor (UV radiation at 355 nm) in methanol-water. Various protecting groups such as acetyl, benzyl, benzoyl, benzylidine, TBS, etc. were found to be highly stable during the photolysis.
- Tiwari, Varsha,Badavath, Vishnu Nayak,Singh, Adesh Kumar,Kandasamy, Jeyakumar
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p. 227 - 236
(2020/03/18)
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- Synthesis of one new sugar imine molecule
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In this research, the molecule N'-((E)-5-methoxy-2-((1-((2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy) benzylidene)-4methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbohydrazide were synthesized and characterized by several conventional analysis methods. Its physical properties and thermal stability was studied. The synthesis was conducted based on D-glucose using concept of click chemistry reaction mechanism. Some of the reaction was conducted using microwave irradiation. The synthesis steps initiated by adding propargyl bromide to 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy benzaldehyde under vigorous measure of moister isolated environment to produce propargyl ether(5-methoxy-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)benzaldehyde) 3 in which has terminal triple bond. In parallel a glycocyl azide was prepared by applying glycocyl acetate (acetate for protection) via bromination and then substituted by treatment with sodium azide to produce glycocyl azide in which actively reacted with terminated triple bond by click reaction in the present of Cu(II) catalyst. The coupling reaction of terminal alkyle group in compound 3 with azide group of (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-azidotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate) has given high yield of triazole. The produced triazole molecule is triazole(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(4-((2-formyl-4-methoxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5,-triyacetate) 7 undergoes further reaction to substitute carbonyl of the aromatic with hydrazide by applying 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbohydrazide reagent. The glycocyl acetate was de-esterifide by sodium methoxide to remove the acetate protection. The structure of all these synthesized molecules was confirmed by FTIR, H1NMR, C13 NMR.
- Mohammed, Majed Jari,Kadhum, Abdul Amir H.,Mohammed, Adnan Ibrahim,Abbood Al-Rekabi, Sameer H.
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p. 103 - 108
(2020/02/13)
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- Glycosides and Glycoconjugates of the Diterpenoid Isosteviol with a 1,2,3-Triazolyl Moiety: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation
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Several glycoconjugates of the diterpenoid isosteviol (16-oxo-ent-beyeran-19-oic acid) with a 1,2,3-triazolyl moiety were synthesized, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated against some human cancer and normal cell lines. Most of the synthesized compounds demonstrated weak inhibitory activities against the M-HeLa and MCF-7 human cancer cell lines. Three lead compounds, 54, 56 and 57, exhibited high selective cytotoxic activity against M-HeLa cells (IC50 = 1.7-1.9 μM) that corresponded to the activity of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (IC50 = 3.0 μM). Moreover, the lead compounds were not cytotoxic with respect to a Chang liver human normal cell line (IC50 > 100 μM), whereas doxorubicin was cytotoxic to this cell line (IC50 = 3.0 μM). It was found that cytotoxic activity of the lead compounds is due to induction of apoptosis proceeding along the mitochondrial pathway. The present findings suggest that 1,2,3-triazolyl-ring-containing glycoconjugates of isosteviol are a promising scaffold for the design of novel anticancer agents.
- Andreeva, Olga V.,Garifullin, Bulat F.,Sharipova, Radmila R.,Strobykina, Irina Yu.,Sapunova, Anastasiya S.,Voloshina, Alexandra D.,Belenok, Mayya G.,Dobrynin, Alexey B.,Khabibulina, Leysan R.,Kataev, Vladimir E.
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p. 2367 - 2380
(2020/08/28)
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- Oleanolic acid C-3-site sugar conjugate, preparation method and anti-influenza virus application thereof
-
The invention provides an oleanolic acid-C-3-site sugar conjugate with a structure shown as a formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a preparation method thereof. The oleanolic acid-C3-site sugar conjugate has an obvious inhibiting effect on influenza viruses and can be used for preparing a medicine for preventing or treating influenza and a drug for preventing or inhibiting the entry of influenza viruses into cells.
- -
-
Paragraph 0035-0036; 0039
(2020/12/05)
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- Chemical synthesis of 5’-β-glycoconjugates of vitamin B6
-
Various 5’-β-saccharides of pyridoxine, namely the mannoside, galactoside, arabinoside, maltoside, cellobioside and glucuronide, were synthesized chemically according to KOENIGS-KNORR conditions using α4,3-O-isopropylidene pyridoxine and the respective acetobromo glycosyl donors with AgOTf (3.0 eq.) and NIS (3.0 eq.) as promoters at 0 °C. Furthermore, 5’-β-[13C6]-labeled pyridoxine glucoside (PNG) was prepared starting from [13C6]-glucose and pyridoxine. Additionally, two strategies were examined for the synthesis of 5’-β-pyridoxal glucoside (PLG).
- Bachmann, Thomas,Schnurr, Christian,Zainer, Laura,Rychlik, Michael
-
supporting information
(2020/02/15)
-
- INTRACELLULAR SUBSTANCE TRANSPORT SYSTEM AND USE THEREOF
-
The present invention pertains to a complex including nanoparticles and, carried on the surface of the nanoparticles, a lysosomal enzyme inhibitor or kinase inhibitor shown by general formula (A) and a phospholipid mimetic substance shown by general formula (B). In general formula (A), n1 is an integer of 2-30, n2 is an integer of 2-30, the -S- terminal is a nanoparticle-carrying site, and R10 is a suicide substrate site or a kinase inhibition site. In general formula (B), n3 is an integer in the range of 2-30, and the -S- terminal is a nanoparticle-carrying site. The present invention provides a versatile system capable of efficiently delivering a drug to endolysosomes and allowing the drug to function at a low concentration on lysosomal enzymes, and an anticancer agent in which this system is used.
- -
-
Paragraph 0154-0156
(2020/05/29)
-
- Photocatalyzed reductive fluoroalkylation of 2-acetoxyglycals towards the stereoselective synthesis of α-1-fluoroalkyl-: C -glycosyl derivatives
-
A benign, efficient, regio- and stereoselective protocol for the syntheses of α-1-fluoroalkyl-C-glycosyl compounds bearing CF3, C4F9, and C6F13 substituents on the anomeric carbon has been developed by a new methodology starting from 2-acetoxyglycals for the first time. Remarkably, the reactions proceeded in only one step, through the visible light-photocatalyzed reductive fluoroalkylation of 2-acetoxyglycals by means of an Ir photocatalyst and employed commercially available fluoroalkyl iodides n-CnF2n+1-I (n = 1, 4, 6) as a source of fluoroalkyl radicals.
- Mora Flores, Erwin W.,Postigo, Al,Uhrig, María Laura
-
supporting information
p. 8724 - 8734
(2020/11/17)
-
- Anti-tick-borne encephalitis virus activity of novel uridine glycoconjugates containing amide or/and 1,2,3-triazole moiety in the linker structure
-
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) transmitted by ticks is a pathogen of great medical importance. As still no effective antiviral treatment is available, in the present study, a series of uridine glycoconjugates containing amide or/and 1,2,3-triazole moiety in the linker structure was synthesized and evaluated for the antiviral activity against two strains of TBEV: a highly virulent Hypr strain and less virulent Neudoerfl strain, using standardized previously in vitro assays. Our data have shown that four compounds from the series (18–21) possess strong activity against both TBEV strains. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of compounds 18–21 were between 15.1 and 3.7 μM depending on the virus strain, which along with low cytotoxicity resulted in high values of the selectivity index (SI). The obtained results suggest that these compounds may be promising candidates for further development of new therapies against flaviviruses.
- Brzuska, Gabriela,Pastuch-Gawolek, Gabriela,Krawczyk, Monika,Szewczyk, Boguslaw,Krol, Ewelina
-
-
- 8-Hydroxyquinoline glycoconjugates containing sulfur at the sugar anomeric position—synthesis and preliminary evaluation of their cytotoxicity
-
One of the main factors limiting the effectiveness of many drugs is the difficulty of their delivery to their target site in the cell and achieving the desired therapeutic dose. Moreover, the accumulation of the drug in healthy tissue can lead to serious side effects. The way to improve the selectivity of a drug to the cancer cells seems to be its conjugation with a sugar molecule, which should facilitate its selective transport through GLUT transporters (glucose transporters), whose overexpression is seen in some types of cancer. This was the idea behind the synthesis of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) derivative glycoconjugates, for which 1-thiosugar derivatives were used as sugar moiety donors. It was expected that the introduction of a sulfur atom instead of an oxygen atom into the anomeric position of the sugar would increase the stability of the obtained glycoconjugates against untimely hydrolytic cleavage. The anticancer activity of new compounds was determined based on the results of the MTT cytotoxicity tests. Because of the assumption that the activity of this type of compounds was based on metal ion chelation, the effect of the addition of copper ions on cell proliferation was tested for some of them. It turned out that cancer cells treated with glycoconjugates in the presence of Cu2+ had a much slower growth rate compared to cells treated with free glycoconjugates in the absence of copper. The highest cytotoxic activity of the compounds was observed against the MCF-7 cell line.
- Erfurt, Karol,Hadasik, Agnieszka,Krawczyk, Monika,Pastuch-Gawo?ek, Gabriela
-
-
- Cross-utilization of b-galactosides and cellobiose in Geobacillus stearothermophilus
-
Strains of the Gram-positive, thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus possess elaborate systems for the utilization of hemicellulolytic polysaccharides, including xylan, arabinan, and galactan. These systems have been studied extensively in strains T-1 and T-6, representing microbial models for the utilization of soil polysaccharides, and many of their components have been characterized both biochemically and structurally. Here, we characterized routes by which G. stearothermophilus utilizes mono- and disaccharides such as galactose, cellobiose, lactose, and galactosyl-glycerol. The G. stearothermophilus genome encodes a phosphoenolpyruvate carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) for cellobiose. We found that the cellobiose-PTS system is induced by cellobiose and characterized the corresponding GH1 6-phospho-b-glucosidase, Cel1A. The bacterium also possesses two transport systems for galactose, a galactose-PTS system and an ABC galactose transporter. The ABC galactose transport system is regulated by a three-component sensing system. We observed that both systems, the sensor and the transporter, utilize galactose-binding proteins that also bind glucose with the same affinity. We hypothesize that this allows the cell to control the flux of galactose into the cell in the presence of glucose. Unexpectedly, we discovered that G. stearothermophilus T-1 can also utilize lactose and galactosyl-glycerol via the cellobiose-PTS system together with a bifunctional 6-phospho-b-gal/glucosidase, Gan1D. Growth curves of strain T-1 growing in the presence of cellobiose, with either lactose or galactosyl-glycerol, revealed initially logarithmic growth on cellobiose and then linear growth supported by the additional sugars. We conclude that Gan1D allows the cell to utilize residual galactose-containing disaccharides, taking advantage of the promiscuity of the cellobiose-PTS system.
- Shulami, Smadar,Zehavi, Arie,Belakhov, Valery,Salama, Rachel,Lansky, Shifra,Baasov, Timor,Shoham, Gil,Shoham, Yuval
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p. 10766 - 10780
(2021/01/06)
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- Substituted pyrazole compound, preparation method, pharmaceutical composition and applications thereof
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The invention discloses a substituted pyrazole compound represented by a formula I, and a preparation method, a pharmaceutical composition and applications thereof, wherein the compound has characteristics of good stability, excellent solubility, low cytotoxicity and remarkable neuroprotective effect, can effectively prevent and treat nerve cell injury, and is an ideal medicinal compound for preventing or treating cerebral stroke, cerebral embolism, cerebral stroke sequelae, cerebral stroke dyskinesia, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of spinal cord.
- -
-
Paragraph 0299; 0304-0306
(2020/03/12)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of carbohydrate-based sulphonamide derivatives as topical antiglaucoma agents through selective inhibition of carbonic anhydrase II
-
A series of new carbohydrate-based sulphonamide derivatives were designed, synthesised by employing the so-call ‘sugar-tail’ approach. The compounds were evaluated in vitro against a panel of CAs. Compared to their parent compound p-sulfamoylbenzoic acid, these compounds showed nearly 100-fold improvement in their binding affinities against hCA II in vitro. All of compounds showed great water solubility and the pH value of their water solutions of compounds is 7.0. Such properties are advantageous to make them much less irritating to the eye when applied topical glaucomatous drugs, compared to the relatively highly acidic dorzolamide preparations (pH 5.5). Notably, compounds 7d, 7 g, 7 h demonstrated to topically lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucomatous animals better than brinzolamide when applied as a 1% solution directly into the eye. Low cytotoxicity on human cornea epithelial cell was observed in the tested concentrations by the MTT assay.
- Fan, Zhanfang,Guo, Chun,Hou, Zhuang,Li, Chuanchao,Lin, Bin,Liu, Yang,Liu, Yichuang,Wang, Yitong,Zhang, Miao
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p. 383 - 390
(2019/12/30)
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- Total Synthesis of Tri-, Hexa- and Heptasaccharidic Substructures of the O-Polysaccharide of Providencia rustigianii O34
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A general and efficient strategy for synthesis of tri-, hexa- and heptasaccharidic substructures of the lipopolysaccharide of Providencia rustigianii O34 is described. For the heptasaccharide seven different building blocks were employed. Special features of the structures are an α-linked galactosamine and the two embedded α-fucose units, which are either branched at positions-3 and -4 or further linked at their 2-position. Convergent strategies focused on [4+3], [3+4], and [4+2+1] couplings. Whereas the [4+3] and [3+4] coupling strategies failed the [4+2+1] strategy was successful. As monosaccharidic building blocks trichloroacetimidates and phosphates were employed. Global deprotection of the fully protected structures was achieved by Birch reaction.
- Ahadi, Somayeh,Awan, Shahid I.,Werz, Daniel B.
-
-
- COMPOUNDS COMPRISING CLEAVABLE LINKER AND USES THEREOF
-
Provided are a compound including a cleavable linker, a use thereof, and an intermediate compound for preparing the same, and more particularly, the compound including a cleavable linker of the present invention may include an active agent (for example, a drug, a toxin, a ligand, a probe for detection, etc.) having a specific function or activity, a SO2 functional group which is capable of selectively releasing the active agent, and a functional group which triggers a chemical reaction, a physicochemical reaction and/or a biological reaction by external stimulation, and may further include a ligand (for example, oligopeptide, polypeptide, antibody, etc.) having binding specificity for a desired target receptor.
- -
-
Page/Page column 162-163
(2020/07/21)
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- Preparation method of 3, 4, 6-O-triacetyl-D-glucal
-
The invention relates to a preparation method of Tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal, which mainly solves the problems of volatile reagent, irritant smell, high cost and the like in the existing method. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the preparation method of 3, 4, 6-O-triacetyl-D-glucal comprises the following steps: peracetylated D-glucose is prepared by catalyzing D-glucose in glacial acetic acid with strong acid; the peracetylated D-glucose is brominated by a glacial acetic acid solution of hydrogen bromide to obtain brominated peracetylated D-glucose; and the brominated peracetylated D-glucose is reduced by zinc powder in an ammonium chloride solution to obtain a final product 3, 4, 6-O-triacetyl-D-glucal. The product provided by the invention has important application in thefields of glycopeptides and other polypeptide drugs.
- -
-
Paragraph 0012-0014
(2020/05/14)
-
- The synthesis of rare earth metal-doped upconversion nanoparticles coated with d-glucose or 2-deoxy-d-glucose and their evaluation for diagnosis and therapy in cancer
-
Rare earth metal-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are emerging as a new class of biomedical imaging materials due to their higher energy anti-Stokes shift, high optical penetration depth and long term repetitive imaging. In the present study, upconversion nanoparticles based on NaYF4 doped with thulium (Tm) and ytterbium (Yb) were prepared via a thermolysis method using oleic acid as a capping agent and 1-octadecene as a solvent. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the synthesized nanoparticles was found to match the standard hexagonal phase. The nanoparticles were coated with silica using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and in order to avoid agglomeration, IGEPAL CO-520 was used as the surfactant. The coatings of SiO2 over NaYF4 were confirmed by the TEM image and XRD pattern. NaYF4@SiO2 was further functionalized by the addition of (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) followed by either d-glucose or 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG). UCNPs-d-glucose and UNCPs-2DG were examined for cell viability (MCF-7 cells) by MTT assay. The cellular uptake of UCNPs in MCF-7 cells was seen in terms of emission of a blue light. Furthermore, the uptake rate of UCNPs coated with 2-deoxy-d-glucose was found to be much faster than that of UCNPs alone under d-glucose starved conditions. The functionalization of UCNPs with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) not only increased the uptake of nanoparticles, but also blocked the glycolysis pathway resulting in the inhibition of tumor growth as 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) is mimicking the d-glucose. The results are indicative that these upconversion nanoparticles may find applications in bio-imaging, removal of tumor by precision surgery, therapy and targeted drug delivery. This journal is
- Sharma, K. Shitaljit,Thoh, Maikho,Dubey, Akhil K.,Phadnis, Prasad P.,Sharma, Deepak,Sandur, Santosh K.,Vatsa, Rajesh K.
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supporting information
p. 13834 - 13842
(2020/09/07)
-
- Addressing the Structural Complexity of Fluorinated Glucose Analogues: Insight into Lipophilicities and Solvation Effects
-
In this work, we synthesized all mono-, di-, and trifluorinated glucopyranose analogues at positions C-2, C-3, C-4, and C-6. This systematic investigation allowed us to perform direct comparison of 19F resonances of fluorinated glucose analogues and also to determine their lipophilicities. Compounds with a fluorine atom at C-6 are usually the most hydrophilic, whereas those with vicinal polyfluorinated motifs are the most lipophilic. Finally, the solvation energies of fluorinated glucose analogues were assessed for the first time by using density functional theory. This method allowed the log P prediction of fluoroglucose analogues, which was comparable to the C log P values obtained from various web-based programs.
- St-Gelais, Jacob,C?té, émilie,Lainé, Danny,Johnson, Paul A.,Giguère, Denis
-
supporting information
p. 13499 - 13506
(2020/10/02)
-
- An Efficient Strategy for the Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Bufalin Glycosides with Improved Water Solubility and Inhibition against Na+, K+-ATPase
-
In this study, bufalin was glycosylated by an efficient chemo-enzymatic strategy. Firstly, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-1-O-β-D-glucoside (sugar donors) was obtained by chemical synthesis. Then, the glycosylation of the bufalin was achieved with the synthesized sugar donor under the catalysis of two glycosyltransferases (Loki and ASP). Finally, two glycosides, i. e., bufalin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and bufalin-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside)], were obtained by preparative HPLC. Compared to our previously reported sole chemical (total yield 10 % in four steps) or enzymatic methods (30 %), our combined chemo-enzymatic strategy in this article greatly improves the yields of monoglycoside (68 %) and diglycoside (21 %) and decreased the experimental cost (90 %). Furthermore, we tested the water solubility of these glycosides and found that the water solubilities of the two glycosides were 13.1 and 53.7 times of bufalin, respectively. In addition, the inhibitory activity of these glycosides against Na+, K+-ATPase were evaluated. The mono-glycosylated compound showed more potent activity than bufalin, while the diglycosylated compound was less potent.
- Liu, Yan,Xu, Wei,Huang, Zhao-He,Guo, Jun,Jiang, Ren-Wang
-
-
- Method for preparing halogenated sugar under mild conditions
-
The invention discloses a method for preparing halogenated sugar under mild conditions. The method comprises the following steps that an easily-prepared thioglycoside donor and a halogen simple substance or halogen intercompound undergo a reaction at room temperature to obtain the halogenated sugar (chlorine, bromine and iodine). The halogen simple substance or the halogen intercompound is commercial easily available iodine elementary substance, iodine bromide and iodine chloride. The method is suitable for various pyranoses and furanoses. The method has no limitation on a protecting group ofthe thioglycoside donor, and the protecting group can be an electron withdrawing group such as acetyl, benzoyl and the like, and can also be an electron donating group such as benzyl, silicon base andthe like. Meanwhile, the reaction can occur in various organic solvents such as dichloromethane, acetonitrile and methylbenzene. The preparation method of the halogenated sugar is simple, reaction conditions are mild, raw materials are easy to obtain, the application range is wide, the halogenated sugar is compatible with acid-labile groups such as isopropylidene ketal and silicon groups, and a pure product can be obtained by removing a solvent from the halogenated sugar which is not stable in the separation process.
- -
-
Paragraph 0049-0051
(2020/07/02)
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- Neuroprotective activity of different monosaccharide-modified gastrodin analogs
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Gastrodin is a very important and well-known bioactive glycoside compound in Chinese medicine. It is also known as a drug with neuroprotective function. Here, a practical diversified synthesis of a series of gastrodin analogs was reported, which involved four-step procedures consisting of bromination, oxidation, etherification, and reduction. Various gastrodin analogs were obtained in good yields. The compound 4c in this study has a good neuroprotective function: it can significantly downregulate tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein levels. The results of this study can provide a research basis for the development of neuroprotective drugs.
- Xu, Kun-Lun,Yu, Lan
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p. 1263 - 1269
(2020/01/21)
-
- A General Approach to Enzyme-Responsive Liposomes
-
Liposomes are effective nanocarriers due to their ability to deliver encapsulated drugs to diseased cells. Nevertheless, liposome delivery would be improved by enhancing the ability to control the release of contents at the target site. While various stimuli have been explored for triggering liposome release, enzymes provide excellent targets due to their common overexpression in diseased cells. We present a general approach to enzyme-responsive liposomes exploiting targets that are commonly aberrant in disease, including esterases, phosphatases, and β-galactosidases. Responsive lipids correlating with each enzyme family were designed and synthesized bearing an enzyme substrate moiety attached via a self-immolating linker to a non-bilayer lipid scaffold, such that enzymatic hydrolysis triggers lipid decomposition to disrupt membrane integrity and release contents. Liposome dye leakage assays demonstrated that each enzyme-responsive liposome yielded significant content release upon enzymatic treatment compared to minimal release in controls. Results also showed that fine-tuning liposome composition was critical for controlling release. DLS analysis showed particle size increases in the cases of esterase- and β-galactosidase-responsive lipids, supporting alterations to membrane properties. These results showcase an effective modular strategy that can be tailored to target different enzymes, providing a promising new avenue for advancing liposomal drug delivery.
- Lou, Jinchao,Best, Michael D.
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p. 8597 - 8607
(2020/07/04)
-
- COMPOUNDS COMPRISING CLEAVABLE LINKER AND USES THEREOF
-
Provided are a compound including a cleavable linker, a use thereof, and an intermediate compound for preparing the same, and more particularly, the compound including a cleavable linker of the present invention may include an active agent (for example, a drug, a toxin, a ligand, a probe for detection, etc.) having a specific function or activity, a -S(=0)(=N-)- functional group which is capable of selectively releasing the active agent, and a functional group which triggers a chemical reaction, a physicochemical reaction and/or a biological reaction by external stimulation, and may further include a ligand (for example, oligopeptide, polypeptide, antibody, etc.) having binding specificity for a desired target receptor.
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Page/Page column 141
(2020/09/03)
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- Synthetic methodology towards allylic: Trans-cyclooctene-ethers enables modification of carbohydrates: Bioorthogonal manipulation of the lac repressor
-
The inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) pyridazine elimination is one of the key bioorthogonal bond-breaking reactions. In this reaction trans-cyclooctene (TCO) serves as a tetrazine responsive caging moiety for amines, carboxylic acids and alcohols. One issue to date has been the lack of synthetic methods towards TCO ethers from functionalized (aliphatic) alcohols, thereby restricting bioorthogonal utilization. Two novel reagents were developed to enable controlled formation of cis-cyclooctene (CCO) ethers, followed by optimized photochemical isomerization to obtain TCO ethers. The method was exemplified by the controlled bioorthogonal activation of the lac operon system in E. coli using a TCO-ether-modified carbohydrate inducer. This journal is
- Araman, Can,De Geus, Mark A. R.,Groenewold, G. J. Mirjam,Maurits, Elmer,Van Kasteren, Sander I.
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p. 10175 - 10179
(2020/10/13)
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- FUSED HETEROCYCLIC BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVES AND USES THEREOF
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The present disclosure provides compounds and compositions capable of extending lifespan, and methods of use thereof.
- -
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Page/Page column 132
(2020/05/29)
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- Formation of five-membered carbocycles from D-glucose: A Concise Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentenone
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A concise synthesis of 4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclo-pentenone (1) has been accomplished from D-glucose by a three-step sequence that features a catalyst-free hydrothermal reaction of D-glucal, which is readily obtained from D-glucose. Optimization of the reaction conditions for synthesizing 1 was performed by changing the temperature and reaction time. The treatment of D-glucal under the optimal conditions, i.e., at 120 °C for 24 h, provided 1 in the highest isolated yield of 61%. 1 would become a versatile intermediate for the synthesis of various fine chemicals having a cyclopentenone structure from cellulosic biomass.
- Koseki, Yoshitaka,Watanabe, Toshihiro,Kamishima, Takaaki,Kwon, Eunsang,Kasai, Hitoshi
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p. 1324 - 1328
(2019/09/18)
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- Total Synthesis of the Congested, Bisphosphorylated Morganella morganii Zwitterionic Trisaccharide Repeating Unit
-
Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPSs) activate T-cell-dependent immune responses by major histocompatibility complex class II presentation. Herein, we report the first synthesis of a Morganella morganii ZPS repeating unit as an enabling tool in the synthesis of novel ZPS materials. The repeating unit incorporates a 1,2-cis-α-glycosidic bond; the problematic 1,2-trans-galactosidic bond, Gal-β-(1 → 3)-GalNAc; and phosphoglycerol and phosphocholine residues which have not been previously observed together as functional groups on the same oligosaccharide. The successful third-generation approach leverages a first in class glycosylation of a phosphoglycerol-functionalized acceptor. To install the phosphocholine unit, a highly effective phosphocholine donor was synthesized.
- Keith, D. Jamin,Townsend, Steven D.
-
supporting information
p. 12939 - 12945
(2019/08/22)
-
- Design and synthesis of trivalent Tn glycoconjugate polymers by nitroxide-mediated polymerization
-
A new synthetic method for preparing Tn glycoconjugate polymers, containing tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens, by controlled living radical polymerization is reported. To mimic the authentic structures of Tn glycopeptide antigens and to explore the controlled living radical polymerization, three tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (GalNAc, GalNAcα1-O-Ser, and GalNAcα1-O-Thr) were attached to a styrene-type monomer through a diethylene glycol spacer. Under nitroxide-mediated polymerization, controlled living radical polymerization proceeded to afford defined glycopeptide polymers with different Tn densities and compositions. The polydispersity index (PDI) and molecular weights were increased and conversions were decreased upon increasing the concentration of Tn glycoconjugate monomers. The resulting Tn glycoconjugate polymers were characterized by NMR and IR. The spectral data indicate that the Tn glycoconjugate moiety did attach to the polymer chain and Tn glycoconjugate density could be adjusted through the nitroxide-mediated polymerization conditions. The number of Tn units containing in the polymer chains could be estimated by NMR integration. This synthetic approach provides a new and efficient tool for constructing novel Tn glycoconjugate polymers.
- Liu, Si-Xian,Tsai, Yun-Tzu,Lin, Yu-Tung,Li, Jia-Yue,Chang, Che-Chien
-
-
- Synthesis, chemical characterization and antimicrobial activity of new acylhydrazones derived from carbohydrates
-
A new series of glycosylated acylhydrazones was synthesized and all the chemical structures were confirmed by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS), 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR; 13C-NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods. The mass accuracy between the calculated and found values observed in HRMS analyses were near or lower than 5 ppm, which are acceptable for proposing a molecular formula using this technique. All of the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. Five compounds (12, 13, 14, 16 and 19) exerted a modest antifungal activity against the strains evaluated. Derivative 14 showed fungicidal activity against Candida glabrata at 173.8 μM and saccharide unit contributed to the increase of the antifungal potential against this strain. New chemical manipulation of derivative 14 can make it possible to obtain new potentially antimicrobial agents.
- Guilherme, Fernanda Dias,Simonetti, Julia évelin,Folquitto, Lais Regina Santos,Reis, Adriana Cotta Cardoso,Oliver, Josidel Concei??o,Dias, Amanda Latércia Tranches,Dias, Danielle Ferreira,Carvalho, Diogo Teixeira,Brand?o, Geraldo Célio,Souza, Thiago Belarmino de
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p. 349 - 356
(2019/03/04)
-
- Functionalised bicyclic tetramates derived from cysteine as antibacterial agents
-
Routes to bicyclic tetramates derived from cysteine permitting ready incorporation of functionality at two different points around the periphery of a heterocyclic skeleton are reported. This has enabled the identification of systems active against Gram-positive bacteria, some of which show gyrase and RNA polymerase inhibitory activity. In particular, tetramates substituted with glycosyl side chains, chosen to impart polarity and aqueous solubility, show high antibacterial activity coupled with modest gyrase/polymerase activity in two cases. An analysis of physicochemical properties indicates that the antibacterially active tetramates generally occupy physicochemical space with MW of 300-600, clog D7.4 of -2.5 to 4 and rel. PSA of 11-22%. This work demonstrates that biologically active 3D libraries are readily available by manipulation of a tetramate skeleton.
- Panduwawala, Tharindi D.,Iqbal, Sarosh,Thompson, Amber L.,Genov, Miroslav,Pretsch, Alexander,Pretsch, Dagmar,Liu, Shuang,Ebright, Richard H.,Howells, Alison,Maxwell, Anthony,Moloney, Mark G.
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supporting information
p. 5615 - 5632
(2019/06/13)
-
- Synthesis and characterization of new galactosylated-based N2O-donors tridentate ligands
-
The synthesis and characterization of three novel N2O-donor ligands containing the group 4-[1-β-d-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-galactosyl)]benzaldehyde are presented. The insertion of this group was designed to increase the absorption of the prodrug in tumor cells, and is part of an ongoing work in our group with tridentate ligands to develop potential cobalt(III) prodrugs. The synthetic route described here allowed the isolation of pure ligands with yields ranged 81–89%. Finally, compounds were characterized by IR, NMR and HRMS (ESI+).
- Castro, Lidiane C.,Jaconiano, Yasmim R.,Evangelista, Tereza C. S.,Ferreira, Sabrina B.,Scarpellini, Marciela
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p. 1316 - 1324
(2019/04/30)
-
