- Boron-Promoted Ether Interchange Reaction: Synthesis of Alkyl Nitroaromatic Ethers from Methoxynitroarenes
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The first protocol for boron-promoted ether interchange reaction of methoxynitroarenes was described. A series of methoxynitroarenes and alcohols, including primary, secondary, as well as tertiary alcohols were reacted smoothly in moderate to good yields under the optimized reaction conditions. This protocol constitutes an operationally simple and scalable strategy for the synthesis of alkyl nitroaromatic ethers. Moreover, the new reactivity of boron reagents was discovered.
- Liu, Zhenwei,Luan, Nannan,Lu, Hongtao,Liang, Apeng,Li, Jingya,Zou, Dapeng,Wu, Yangjie,Wu, Yusheng
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p. 702 - 707
(2020/02/11)
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- Ligand-free Cu(ii)-catalyzed aerobic etherification of aryl halides with silanes: An experimental and theoretical approach
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Owing to their wide occurrence in nature and immense applications in various fields, the synthesis of aryl alkyl ethers has remained a focus of interest. In contrast to the conventional/traditional methods of etherification, herein, we have reported a more efficient method, which is better yielding and more general in application. The etherification of aryl halides by alkoxy/phenoxy silanes was catalyzed by copper acetate in the presence of cesium carbonate and oxygen in DMF at 145 °C. All the as-synthesized compounds were characterized via the 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. Density functional theory calculations using the B3LYP functional were performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism. The C-O coupling reaction between 2-nitroiodobenzene and tetramethoxysilane was used as a model reaction. The activation energy barriers for the generation of catalytic species (31.6 kcal mol-1) and the σ-bond metathesis (16.0 kcal mol-1), oxidative addition/reductive elimination (20.3 kcal mol-1), halogen atom transfer (19.2 kcal mol-1) and single electron transfer (SET) (29.5 kcal mol-1) mechanisms for the C-O coupling reaction were calculated. Calculations for the key reaction steps were repeated with the B3PW91, PBEH1PBE, wB97XD, CAM-B3LYP and mPW1LYP functionals. The formation of catalytic species via a single electron transfer reaction between tetramethoxysilane and copper acetate, formation of methoxy radicals and methoxylation of copper showed an overall energy barrier of 31.6 kcal mol-1, and therefore is the rate determining step.
- Ahmed, Muhammad Naeem,Ahmad, Khalil,Yasin, Khawaja Ansar,Farooq, Tayyaba,Khan, Bilal Ahmad,Roy, Soumendra K.
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p. 11316 - 11333
(2019/07/31)
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- Enhanced Reactivity of Aerobic Diimide Olefin Hydrogenation with Arylboronic Compounds: An Efficient One-Pot Reduction/Oxidation Protocol
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A catalyst-free and efficient method for simultaneous olefin hydrogenation and oxidation of arylboronate esters to phenols with hydrazine hydrate and molecular oxygen is presented. The process is based on the utilization of a readily available Lewis acidic arylboron compound, which evades common problems associated with the catalyst-free aerobic hydrogenation of olefins with diimide. Using an operationally simple procedure, the protocol smoothly delivers phenol derivatives and various alkanes in excellent yields with remarkable functional group compatibility. The method allows the reaction to be scaled up to 1 g of the starting materials.
- Santra, Surojit,Guin, Joyram
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supporting information
p. 7253 - 7257
(2015/11/25)
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- COUMARIN DERIVATIVES AND METHODS OF USE IN TREATING CYSTIC FIBROSIS, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE, AND MISFOLDED PROTEIN DISORDERS
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Novel CFTR corrector compounds that are effective in rescuing halide efflux, delF508-CFTR protein processing, and apical functional chloride ion transport in a cell are provided. Also provided are methods for treating protein folding disorders (e.g., cyst
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Page/Page column 52; 53
(2014/10/04)
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- COUMARIN DERIVATIVES AND METHODS OF USE IN TREATING HYPERPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES
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Coumarin derivative compounds and methods for the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases, such as cancer, polycystic kidney disease, and fibrosis of different tissues (e.g., idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), are provided. The methods include administering
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Page/Page column 51; 52
(2014/10/04)
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- An insight into the extraction of transition metal ions by picolinamides associated with intramolecular hydrogen bonding and rotational isomerization
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The clear connection between molecular structures of N-substituted picolinamides and extraction behaviour has been rationalized by highlighting the relationship between intramolecular hydrogen bonding and rotational isomerism. To this aim aromatic pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamides 1a-1c with N-substitution and their analogues 3a and 3b containing intramolecular hydrogen bonds were designed and synthesized. The results from the liquid-liquid extraction towards some representative transition metal picrates including Ag+, Hg 2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu 2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ salts demonstrated that the higher selectivity and efficiency towards Hg2+ (88.6-95.4%) over other metal cations stem mainly from N-substitution via disruption of intramolecular H-bonding. X-ray structural analysis, and ordinary and variable-temperature proton and carbon NMR experiments provided supporting information for expounding the difference in extraction ability among these ligands, particularly the importance of N-substitution that leads to the formation of rotamers affecting the extraction process.
- Li, Yan,Jia, Yiming,Wang, Zhenwen,Li, Xianghui,Feng, Wen,Deng, Pengchi,Yuan, Lihua
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p. 29702 - 29714
(2014/08/05)
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- Decarboxylative etherification of aromatic carboxylic acids
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Decarboxylative Chan-Evans-Lam-type couplings are presented as a new strategy for the regiospecific construction of diaryl and alkyl aryl ethers starting from easily available aromatic carboxylic acids. They allow converting various aromatic carboxylate salts into the corresponding aryl ethers by reaction with alkyl orthosilicates or aryl borates, under aerobic conditions in the presence of silver carbonate as the decarboxylation catalyst and copper acetate as the cross-coupling catalyst.
- Bhadra, Sukalyan,Dzik, Wojciech I.,Goossen, Lukas J.
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p. 9938 - 9941
(2012/08/08)
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- Synthesis and characterization of some polyalkyl- and polyalkoxy-anilines
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Since poly-3-alkylthiophenes are more processible than polythiophene, it is expected that poly-o-alkyl and poly-o-alkoxyanilines will evince better processibility than polyaniline.Hence, poly-o-alkyl and poly-o-alkoxyanilines (alkyl=CH3, C2H5, C3H7, alkox
- Ahmad, Naseer,Feng, Ping,Schursky, Helen,Shah, Sharmila,Antonacci, Desiree,et al.
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p. 673 - 678
(2007/10/02)
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- Herbicidal N-(haloacetyl)-N-(N'-methylenepyrrolidonyl)-2-alkoxyanilines useful as herbicides
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Herbicidal N-(haloacetyl)-N-(N'-methylenepyrrolidonyl)-2-alkoxyanilines are provided in this invention having the formula: STR1 where R is alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, R' is hydrogen or lower alkyl of 1-3 carbon atoms, and X is halogen. Another feature of the invention is the provision of N-(N'-methylenepyrrolidone)-2-alkoxyaniline or intermediates useful in making such herbicides. These intermediates are prepared by reaction of a 2-alkoxyaniline with an N-methylolpyrrolidone or an N-halomethylenepyrrolidone. The herbicide product than is obtained by acylation of the intermediate with a haloacetyl halide. The compounds of the present invention show good herbicidal activity against grassy weeds.
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