- Synthesis, anti-mycobacterial and cytotoxic evaluation of substituted isoindoline-1,3-dione-4-aminoquinolines coupled: Via alkyl/amide linkers
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A series of secondary amine-substituted isoindoline-1,3-dione-4-aminoquinolines were prepared via microwave heating and assayed for their anti-mycobacterial activities. The compound with a butyl chain as a spacer between the two pharmacophores and piperidine as the secondary amine component on the isoindoline ring was the most potent and non-cytotoxic among the synthesized compounds, exhibiting a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC99) of 6.25 μg mL-1 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Rani, Anu,Viljoen, Albertus,Johansen, Matt D.,Kremer, Laurent,Kumar, Vipan
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Read Online
- Development of monoclonal ELISAs for azinphos-methyl. 1. Hapten synthesis and antibody production
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The development of monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for azinphosmethyl is described. A panel of haptens was synthesized for immunoconjugate preparation, and a series of haptens for heterologous, coating or tracer, conjugates was also prepared. Hapten synthesis was based on a strategy in which only a fragment of the whole target molecule was present (fragmentary haptens). From immunized mice, a set of monoclonal antibodies was obtained and ELISA sensitivities were assayed in different formats. Affinities estimated as I50 values in the low nanomolar range for azinphos-methyl and phosmet were observed for several monoclonal antibodies in the conjugate-coated format and in the antibody-coated format under nonoptimized assay conditions.
- Mercader, Josep V.,Montoya, Angel
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Read Online
- Substituted 1,3-dioxoisoindoline-4-aminoquinolines coupled via amide linkers: Synthesis, antiplasmodial and cytotoxic evaluation
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Synthesis of C-5-substituted 1,3-dioxoisoindoline-4-aminoquinolines having amide group as a spacer was developed with an intent to evaluate their antiplasmodial activities. The synthesized dioxoisoindoline-aminoquinolines tethered with β-alanine as a spacer and secondary amine as substituent displayed good anti-plasmodial activities. Compound 7j, with an optimum combination of β-alanine and an ethyl chain length as linker along with diethylamine as the secondary amine counterpart at dioxoisoindoline proved to be most potent and non-cytotoxic with IC50 of 0.097 μM against W2 strain of P. falciparum and a selective index of >2000.
- Rani, Anu,Legac, Jenny,Rosenthal, Philip J.,Kumar, Vipan
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Read Online
- Abolishing Dopamine D2long/D3Receptor Affinity of Subtype-Selective Carbamoylguanidine-Type Histamine H2Receptor Agonists
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3-(2-Amino-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)propyl-substituted carbamoylguanidines are potent, subtype-selective histamine H2receptor (H2R) agonists, but their applicability as pharmacological tools to elucidate the largely unknown H2R functions in the central nervous system (CNS) is compromised by their concomitant high affinity toward dopamine D2-like receptors (especially to the D3R). To improve the selectivity, a series of novel carbamoylguanidine-type ligands containing various heterocycles, spacers, and side residues were rationally designed, synthesized, and tested in binding and/or functional assays at H1-4and D2long/3receptors. This study revealed a couple of selective candidates (among others31and47), and the most promising ones were screened at several off-target receptors, showing good selectivities. Docking studies suggest that the amino acid residues (3.28, 3.32, E2.49, E2.51, 5.42, and 7.35) are responsible for the different affinities at the H2- and D2long/3-receptors. These results provide a solid base for the exploration of the H2R functions in the brain in further studies.
- Tropmann, Katharina,Bresinsky, Merlin,Forster, Lisa,M?nnich, Denise,Buschauer, Armin,Wittmann, Hans-Joachim,Hübner, Harald,Gmeiner, Peter,Pockes, Steffen,Strasser, Andrea
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supporting information
p. 8684 - 8709
(2021/06/30)
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- Live-Cell Protein Modification by Boronate-Assisted Hydroxamic Acid Catalysis
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Selective methods for introducing protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) within living cells have proven valuable for interrogating their biological function. In contrast to enzymatic methods, abiotic catalysis should offer access to diverse and new-to-nature PTMs. Herein, we report the boronate-assisted hydroxamic acid (BAHA) catalyst system, which comprises a protein ligand, a hydroxamic acid Lewis base, and a diol moiety. In concert with a boronic acid-bearing acyl donor, our catalyst leverages a local molarity effect to promote acyl transfer to a target lysine residue. Our catalyst system employs micromolar reagent concentrations and affords minimal off-target protein reactivity. Critically, BAHA is resistant to glutathione, a metabolite which has hampered many efforts toward abiotic chemistry within living cells. To showcase this methodology, we installed a variety of acyl groups inE. colidihydrofolate reductase expressed within human cells. Our results further establish the well-known boronic acid-diol complexation as abona fidebio-orthogonal reaction with applications in chemical biology and in-cell catalysis.
- Adamson, Christopher,Kajino, Hidetoshi,Kanai, Motomu,Kawashima, Shigehiro A.,Yamatsugu, Kenzo
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p. 14976 - 14980
(2021/09/29)
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- 4-Substituted 2-amino-3,4-dihydroquinazolines with a 3-hairpin turn side chain as novel inhibitors of BACE-1
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Herein, we report the identification, design, and synthesis of a series of 4-substituted 2-amino-3,4-dihydroquinazolines with hairpin turn side chains as novel inhibitors of BACE-1. The dihydroquinazoline derivatives were rationally designed by modifying the amide group and relocating the α -hydrophobic substituent on the hairpin turn side chain of lead compound 2 to the C4-position on the 3,4-dihydroquinazoline scaffold to facilitate interactions with the S1, S2 and S1′ subsites of BACE-1. Among these derivatives, two compounds exhibited potent BACE-1 inhibitory activity: 4-methyl-substituted (22a, BACE-1 CFA IC50 = 0.38 μM; BACE-1 WCA IC50 = 0.14 μM) and 4-cyclohexylmethyl-substituted (22b, BACE-1 CFA IC50 = 0.49 μM; BACE-1 WCA IC50 = 0.14 μM) 2-amino-3,4-dihydroquinazoline, each bearing a side chain of N-cyclohexyl-N-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl amide. The results suggest that the structural modifications maintain the hairpin turn topology similar to that of compound 2 and provide an additional interaction with the S2 subsite.
- Chen, Grace Shiahuy,Chern, Ji-Wang,Hsieh, Chen-En,Hung, Pei-Yun,Jagtap, Ajit Dhananjay,Kondekar, Nagendra B.,Yang, Chia-Ron
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- Oxidative damage of proline residues by nitrate radicals (NO3): A kinetic and product study
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Tertiary amides, such as in N-acylated proline or N-methyl glycine residues, react rapidly with nitrate radicals (NO3) with absolute rate coefficients in the range of 4-7 × 108 M-1 s-1 in acetonitrile. The major pathway proceeds through oxidative electron transfer (ET) at nitrogen, whereas hydrogen abstraction is only a minor contributor under these conditions. However, steric hindrance at the amide, for example by alkyl side chains at the α-carbon, lowers the rate coefficient by up to 75%, indicating that NO3-induced oxidation of amide bonds proceeds through initial formation of a charge transfer complex. Furthermore, the rate of oxidative damage of proline and N-methyl glycine is significantly influenced by its position in a peptide. Thus, neighbouring peptide bonds, particularly in the N-direction, reduce the electron density at the tertiary amide, which slows down the rate of ET by up to one order of magnitude. The results from these model studies suggest that the susceptibility of proline residues in peptides to radical-induced oxidative damage should be considerably reduced, compared with the single amino acid.
- Nathanael, Joses G.,Nuske, Madison R.,Richter, Annika,White, Jonathan M.,Wille, Uta
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supporting information
p. 6949 - 6957
(2020/10/02)
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- Assembling of medium/long chain-based β-arylated unnatural amino acid derivatives via the Pd(II)-catalyzed sp3 β-C-H arylation and a short route for rolipram-type derivatives
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In this paper, we report the assembling of libraries of β-arylated short/medium/long chain-based non-α-amino acid (aminoalkanoic acid) derivatives via the Pd(II)-catalyzed, bidentate directing group 8-aminoquinoline-aided sp3 β-C-H activation/arylation method. Short/medium chain-based unnatural amino acid derivatives containing an aryl group at the β-position are promising small molecules with therapeutic properties. Thus, it is necessary to enrich the libraries of short/medium/long chain-based unnatural amino acid derivatives containing an aryl group at the β-position. Considering the importance of β-arylated short/medium/long chain-based non-α-amino acid derivatives, an inclusive attention was paid to explore the Pd(II)-catalyzed sp3 β-C-H arylation of short/medium/long chain-based non-α-amino acids. Representative synthetic transformations including a short route for the assembling of rolipram and related compounds and 3-arylated GABA derivatives such as, baclofen, phenibut and tolibut were shown using selected β-C-H arylated non-α-amino acid derivatives.
- Tomar, Radha,Bhattacharya, Debabrata,Babu, Srinivasarao Arulananda
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p. 2447 - 2465
(2019/03/26)
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- Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Amidation of Arenes with N-Methoxyamide as an Amidating Reagent
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The Rh(III)-catalyzed amidation of C(sp2)-H bonds has been reported by employing the N-methoxyamide as a novel amino source. An excellent level of functional group tolerance can be achieved when N-methoxyamide derivatives are used as the amidating reagents. Importantly, several known bioactive compounds such as Aminalon, Pregabalin, Gabapentin, and Probenecid can be transformed to effective amidating reagents, as a way to facilitate the development of new bioactive molecules.
- Ju, Guodong,Li, Guobao,Qian, Guanwen,Zhang, Jingyu,Zhao, Yingsheng
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supporting information
p. 7333 - 7336
(2019/10/08)
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- MODULATORS OF G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS
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This disclosure features chemical entities (e.g., a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or hydrate and/or prodrug of the compound) that modulate (e.g., agonize or partially agonize or antagonize) glucagon?like peptide?1 receptor ("GLP?1R") and/or the gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor ("GIPR"). The chemical entities are useful, e.g., for treating a subject (e.g., a human) having a disease, disorder, or condition in which modulation (e.g., agonism, partial agonism or antagonism) of GLP?1R and/or GIPR activities is benficial for the treatment or prevention of the underlying pathology and/or symptoms and/or progression of the disease, disorder, or condition. In some embodiments, the modulation results in an enhancment of (e.g., an increase in) existing levels (e.g., normal or below normal levels) of GLP?1R and/or GIPR activity (e.g., signaling). In some embodiments, the chemical entities described herein further modulate (e.g., attenuate, uncouple) -arrestin signaling relative to what is observed with the native ligand. This disclosure also features compositions as well as other methods of using and making the said chemical entities.
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Page/Page column 176-177
(2019/10/15)
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- A Direct Approach to Decoration of Bioactive Compounds via C-H Amination Reaction
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The development of new methods to achieve the direct synthesis of bioactive organic molecules is always an important topic in organic synthesis. We hereby demonstrate that N-methoxyamide is an excellent amino source in the iridium-catalyzed intermolecular C-H amination reaction. The linkage of two bioactive organic molecules can be well achieved with this new protocol. More than 20 examples of decorated bioactive compounds were reported, which can facilitate the discovery of new bioactive molecules.
- Ju, Guodong,Yuan, Chunchen,Wang, Dongjie,Zhang, Jingyu,Zhao, Yingsheng
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p. 9852 - 9855
(2019/12/24)
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- Carbonylative Transformation of Allylarenes with CO Surrogates: Tunable Synthesis of 4-Arylbutanoic Acids, 2-Arylbutanoic Acids, and 4-Arylbutanals
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In this Communication, procedures for the selective synthesis of 4-arylbutanoic acids, 2-arylbutanoic acids, and 4-arylbutanals from the same allylbenzenes have been developed. With formic acid or TFBen as the CO surrogate, reactions proceed selectively and effectively under carbon monoxide gas-free conditions.
- Wu, Fu-Peng,Li, Da,Peng, Jin-Bao,Wu, Xiao-Feng
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supporting information
p. 5699 - 5703
(2019/08/01)
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- Discovery and structure-activity relationship study of phthalimide-phenylpyridine conjugate as inhibitor of Wnt pathway
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Aberrant Wnt signaling has been implicated in a variety of disease. Inhibition of the Wnt pathway is an attractive approach for developing new therapeutics for the treatment of various types of fibrosis and cancers. We have discovered the phthalimide-phenylpyridine conjugate as a novel hit compound for the Wnt pathway inhibitors from cellular screening. The structure-activity relationship of these compounds suggested both of the substituent group on the phthalimide fragment and the structure of the linker were critical to the inhibitory activity. The most potent compound was about 10-folds more potent than the hit compound, with IC50 value of 0.28 ± 0.01 μM.
- Wu, Hongna,Wu, Jun,Zhang, Wenxuan,Li, Zhongwen,Fang, Jinhui,Lian, Xu,Qin, Tong,Hao, Jie,Zhou, Qi,Wu, Song
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supporting information
p. 870 - 872
(2019/02/16)
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- ω-Phthalimidoalkyl Aryl Ureas as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Cholesterol Esterase
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Cholesterol esterase (CEase), a serine hydrolase thought to be involved in atherogenesis and thus coronary heart disease, is considered as a target for inhibitor development. We investigated recombinant human and murine CEases with a new fluorometric assay in a structure–activity relationship study of a small library of ω-phthalimidoalkyl aryl ureas. The urea motif with an attached 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group and the aromatic character of the ω-phthalimide residue were most important for inhibitory activity. In addition, an alkyl chain composed of three or four methylene groups, connecting the urea and phthalimide moieties, was found to be an optimal spacer for inhibitors. The so-optimized compounds 2 [1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)urea] and 21 [1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butyl)urea] exhibited dissociation constants (Ki) of 1–19 μm on the two CEases and showed either a competitive (2 on the human enzyme and 21 on the murine enzyme) or a noncompetitive mode of inhibition. Two related serine hydrolases—monoacylglycerol lipase and fatty acid amide hydrolase—were inhibited by ω-phthalimidoalkyl aryl ureas to a lesser extent.
- Dato, Florian M.,Sheikh, Miriam,Uhl, Rocky Z.,Schüller, Alexandra W.,Steinkrüger, Michaela,Koch, Peter,Neud?rfl, J?rg-Martin,Gütschow, Michael,Goldfuss, Bernd,Pietsch, Markus
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p. 1833 - 1847
(2018/09/10)
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- Amides of N-Deacetyllappaconitine and Amino Acids
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Amides were prepared from N-deacetyllappaconitine and the amino acids glycine, taurine, and γ-aminobutyric acid.
- Gabbasov,Tsyrlina,Spirikhin,Yunusov
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p. 951 - 955
(2018/09/27)
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- BILE ACID RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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Disclosed herein, inter alia, compounds and methods of use thereof for the modulation of bile acid receptor activity.
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Paragraph 0760-0761
(2018/04/26)
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- Novel bisphosphonates with antiresorptive effect in bone mineralization and osteoclastogenesis
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Bisphosphonates such as zoledronic, alendronic and risedronic acids are a class of drugs clinically used to prevent bone density loss and osteoporosis. Novel P-C-P bisphosphonates were synthesized for targeting human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (hFPPS) and human geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (hGGPPS), key enzymes of the mevalonate pathway, and capable of anti-proliferative action on a number of cell lines (PC3, MG63, MC3T3, RAW 264.7, J774A.1, bone marrow cells and their co-colture with PC3) involved in bone homeostasis, bone formation and death. Among sixteen compounds, [1-hydroxy-2-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)ethane-1,1-diyl]bis(phosphonic acid) (10) was effective in reducing PC3 and RAW 264.7 cell number in crystal-violet and cell-dehydrogenase activity assays at 100 μM concentration. 10 reduced differentiated osteoclasts number similarly with zoledronic acid in osteoclastogenesis assay. At nanomolar concentrations, 10 was more effective than zoledronic acid in inducing mineralization in MC3T3 and murine bone marrow cells. Further, 10 significantly inhibited the activity of hFPPS showing an IC50 of 0.31 μM and a remarkable hydroxyapatite binding of 90%. Docking calculations were performed identifying putative interactions between some representative novel bisphosphonates and both hFPPS and hGGPPS. Then, 10 was found to behave similarly or even better than zoledronic acid as a anti-resorptive agent.
- Savino, Salvatore,Toscano, Annamaria,Purgatorio, Rosa,Profilo, Emanuela,Laghezza, Antonio,Tortorella, Paolo,Angelelli, Mariacristina,Cellamarea, Saverio,Scala, Rosa,Tricarico, Domenico,Thomas Marobbio, Carlo Marya,Perna, Filippo,Vitale, Paola,Agamennone, Mariangela,Dimiccoli, Vincenzo,Tolomeo, Anna,Scilimati, Antonio
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p. 184 - 200
(2018/09/18)
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- Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary γ-C(sp3)-H Vinylation of Amides via Organic Photoredox-Catalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer
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An efficient strategy for primary, secondary and tertiary aliphatic γ-C(sp3)-H vinylation of amides with alkenylboronic acids is reported. These reactions are catalyzed by visible-light organic photoredox agents. Regioselective γ-C(sp3)-H vinylation of amides is controlled by a 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer of an amidyl radical generated in situ.
- Chen, Hui,Guo, Liangliang,Yu, Shouyun
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supporting information
p. 6255 - 6259
(2018/10/05)
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- COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, AND METHODS FOR INCREASING CFTR ACTIVITY
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The invention encompasses compounds such as compounds having the Formula (I) or (II), compositions thereof, and methods of modulating CFTR activity. The invention also encompasses methods of treating a condition associated with CFTR activity or condition associated with a dysfunction of proteostasis comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of a disclosed compound.
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Paragraph 0122
(2017/01/23)
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- Phthiobuzonum derivative and its preparation and use
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The invention relates to a ftibamzone derivative and a preparation method and an application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ftibamzone medicament synthesis. Pharmacological experiments prove that the ftibamzone derivative of the invention has obvious cytotoxic activity and antiviral activity, and can be used for treating viral diseases such as tumor, herpes, trachoma, and the like.
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Paragraph 0102; 0104
(2016/11/09)
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- Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Isoindole Derivatives Containing an Azetidinone Ring
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Isoindole derivatives containing an azetidin-2-one moiety were prepared from phthalic anhydride by an approach that involves a [2π+2π] cycloaddition of an imine to a novel ketene generated in situ, and an electrocyclic reaction of a zwitterionic intermediate. The reactions were highly stereoselective and trans-β-lactams were obtained as the sole observed products.
- Hosseinkhani, Batool,Islami, Mohammad Reza,Hosseinkhani, Saman
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p. 2277 - 2279
(2015/09/28)
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- Synthesis and characterization of novel phosphonocarboxylate inhibitors of RGGT
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Phosphonocarboxylate (PC) analogs of the anti-osteoporotic drugs, bisphosphonates, represent the first class of selective inhibitors of Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (RabGGTase, RGGT), an enzyme implicated in several diseases including ovarian, breast and skin cancer. Here we present the synthesis and biological characterization of an extended set of this class of compounds, including lipophilic derivatives of the known RGGT inhibitors. From this new panel of PCs, we have identified an inhibitor of RGGT that is of similar potency as the most active published phosphonocarboxylate, but of higher selectivity towards prenyl pyrophosphate synthases. New insights into structural requirements are also presented, showing that only PC analogs of the most potent 3rd generation bisphosphonates inhibit RGGT. In addition, the first phosphonocarboxylate-derived GGPPS weak inhibitor is reported.
- Coxon, Fraser,Joachimiak, ?ukasz,Najumudeen, Arafath Kaja,Breen, George,Gmach, Joanna,Oetken-Lindholm, Christina,Way, Rebecca,Dunford, James,Abankwa, Daniel,B?azewska, Katarzyna M.
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supporting information
p. 77 - 89
(2014/07/22)
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- Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationship of new GABA uptake inhibitors, derivatives of 4-aminobutanamides
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Six series of 2-substituted 4-aminobutanamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit GABA transport proteins mGAT1-4 stably expressed in HEK-293 cell lines. The pIC50 values determined were in the range 4.23-5.23. Two compounds (15b and 15c) were selected for further in vitro studies. These compounds were also subjected to preliminary behavioral studies to evaluate their anticonvulsant, antidepressant-like, and antinociceptive activities in mice. Their influence on motor coordination was also assessed. We report that, among a spectrum of in vivo activities, both 15b and 15c displayed significant activity against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures.
- Kowalczyk, Paula,Sa?at, Kinga,H?fner, Georg C.,Mucha, Marta,Rapacz, Anna,Podkowa, Adrian,Filipek, Barbara,Wanner, Klaus T.,Kulig, Katarzyna
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p. 256 - 273
(2014/07/08)
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- Synthesis of the isoquinoline alkaloid, crispine C
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The first total synthesis of the isoquinoline alkaloid, crispine C is described in seven steps using a Henry reaction and the Pictet-Gams variant of the Bischler-Napieralski reaction to effect the key transformations.
- Blair, Adele,Stevenson, Louise,Sutherland, Andrew
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4084 - 4086
(2012/09/07)
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- MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE INHIBITORS
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The present invention relates to methyl sulfonamides and N-formamides derivatives of formula (I) and to processes for their syntheses. The invention also relates to pharmacological compositions containing these derivatives and methods of treating asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, COPD, rhinitis, osteoarthritis, psoriatie arthritis, psoriasis, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary inflammation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, perodontitis, multiple sclerosis, gingivitis, atherosclerosis, dry eye, neointimal proliferation which leads to restenosis and ischemic heart failure, stroke, renal disease, tumor metastasis, and other inflammatory disorders characterized by over expression and over activation of an matrix metalloproteinase using the compounds.
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Page/Page column 45-46
(2012/04/10)
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- Defining the mechanism of action and enzymatic selectivity of psammaplin A against its epigenetic targets
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Psammaplin A (11c) is a marine metabolite previously reported to be a potent inhibitor of two classes of epigenetic enzymes: histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases. The design and synthesis of a focused library based on the psammaplin A core has been carried out to probe the molecular features of this molecule responsible for its activity. By direct in vitro assay of the free thiol generated upon reduction of the dimeric psammaplin scaffold, we have unambiguously demonstrated that 11c functions as a natural prodrug, with the reduced form being highly potent against HDAC1 in vitro (IC50 0.9 nM). Furthermore, we have shown it to have high isoform selectivity, being 360-fold selective for HDAC1 over HDAC6 and more than 1000-fold less potent against HDAC7 and HDAC8. SAR around our focused library revealed a number of features, most notably the oxime functionality to be important to this selectivity. Many of the compounds show significant cytotoxicity in A549, MCF7, and W138 cells, with the SAR of cytotoxicity correlating to HDAC inhibition. Furthermore, compound treatment causes upregulation of histone acetylation but little effect on tubulin acetylation. Finally, we have found no evidence for 11c functioning as a DNMT inhibitor.
- Baud, Matthias G. J.,Leiser, Thomas,Haus, Patricia,Samlal, Sharon,Wong, Ai Ching,Wood, Robert J.,Petrucci, Vanessa,Gunaratnam, Mekala,Hughes, Siobhan M.,Buluwela, Lakjaya,Turlais, Fabrice,Neidle, Stephen,Meyer-Almes, Franz-Josef,White, Andrew J. P.,Fuchter, Matthew J.
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scheme or table
p. 1731 - 1750
(2012/04/23)
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- Synthesis, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of new GABA analogs as potent anticonvulsant agents
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A series of new γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives was obtained from 4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butanoic acid by coupling it with various substituted amines by using DCC as coupling reagent. The compound 3 was synthesized by treating GABA and phthalimide at high temperature under anhydrous conditions. All the synthesized compounds were confirmed and characterized by using various spectral technique like (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy) studies. Anticonvulsant evaluations of all the synthesized compounds were done by using various seizures models like maximal electroshockinduced seizure (MES), subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ), subcutaneous strychnine (scSTY), and intraperitoneal picrotoxin (ipPIC)-induced seizure threshold tests at a dose of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg body weight and anticonvulsant activity was noted at 0.5 and 4 h time intervals after the drug administration. The compound 4a 4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-N-phenylbutanamide displayed weak anticonvulsant activity in MES test at a dose of 300 mg/kg. Analogs 4d, 4h, and 4m displayed promising activity in scPTZ seizures model. Most of the synthesized compounds were found to be effective in the scSTY and ipPIC models and very few compounds showed protection in the scPTZ model. Among all the tested compounds, 4h 4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-N-(4-ethylphenyl) butanamide showed protection in various seizures model except in the scSTY model, while analog 4d was found to be the most potent compound in scPTZ model showing protection at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Further all the compounds exhibited lesser neurotoxicity compared with standard drug. The essential structural features responsible for interaction with receptor site are established within a suggested pharmacophore. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.
- Yadav, Naveen,Malhotra, Manav,Monga, Vikramdeep,Sharma, Sagun,Jain, Jainendra,Samad, Abdul,Deep, Aakash
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p. 2208 - 2216
(2012/10/30)
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- Synthesis and antiviral activity of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazine derivatives
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A series of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazine derivatives were synthesized via chemical optimization on phthiobuzone. Their anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) activities in vitro were also tested. Several compounds exhibited more highly potent anti-HSV activity and much higher selectivity index (SI) values than those of phthiobuzone. The most potent anti-HSV compound was 4f, which showed marked inhibition against HSV-1 (IC50=77.04μg/ml) and HSV-2 (IC50=30.00μg/ml). Meanwhile it had low cytotoxicity (CC 50=1000.00μg/ml), resulting in high (SIHSV-1= 12.98, SIHSV-2=33.33, respectively). Furthermore, a computational study for prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) properties of compound 4f was performed by determination of topological polar surface area, absorption and Lipinski parameters.
- Yang, Yajun,Feng, Ziming,Jiang, Jianshuang,Yang, Yanan,Pan, Xiandao,Zhang, Peicheng
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scheme or table
p. 1016 - 1019
(2011/10/08)
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- Synthesis and antiviral activity of phthiobuzone analogues
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A series of phthiobuzone analogs, prepared from potassium phthalimide or phthalandione, have been evaluated for their antiviral activities. Among the candidates, compounds 5j and 5k, which contain the substituted 4-halogenated phenyl ring at N-4′,4″ position, show more potent antiviral activity than phthiobuzone against herpes simplex virus 1 (IC50=8.56 and 2.85 μ/ml, respectively) and herpes simplex virus 2 (IC50=1.75 and 4.11μg/ ml, respectively). Compounds 9c and 9d with a propylene linker between the phthalimide and bisthiosemicarbazone moieties display similar antiviral potency against herpes simplex virus 1 (IC50=2.85 and 4.11 μg/ml, respectively).
- Yang, Ya-Jun,Zhao, Jing-Hua,Pan, Xian-Dao,Zhang, Pei-Cheng
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experimental part
p. 208 - 211
(2010/08/06)
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- HETEROCYCLODIAZEPINE CANNABINOID RECEPTOR MODULATORS FOR TREATMENT OF DISEASE
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The present invention relates to compounds and methods useful as modulators of CB2 for the treatment or prevention of disease states including, but not limited to pain, autoimmune disease, malabsorption syndrome, pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, muscle spasm in cancer, neuromuscular disorder, and atherosclerosis progression.
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Page/Page column 53
(2009/04/24)
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- INHIBITORS OF CHECKPOINT KINASES
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The instant invention provides for compounds which comprise substituted thioquinazolinones that inhibit CHK1 activity. The invention also provides for compositions comprising such inhibitory compounds and methods of inhibiting CHK1 activity by administering the compound to a patient in need of treatment of cancer.
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Page/Page column 63
(2009/10/09)
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- AMD070, a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist: Practical large-scale laboratory synthesis
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An efficient and convergent four-step synthetic route to the CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist AMD070 (1) has been developed which employs only a single chromatographic step in the entire sequence. Novel reductive amination methods have been developed for the coupling of 2 and 3 in which a dehydrative imine formation is followed by reduction with an attenuated borohydride reagent (zinc chloride and sodium borohydride). Selective extraction methods were employed to purify synthetic intermediates and remove reagents and impurities. A procedure has also been developed to isolate 1 in a pure crystalline form.
- Crawford, Jason B.,Chen, Gang,Gauthier, David,Wilson, Trevor,Carpenter, Bryon,Baird, Ian R.,McEachern, Ernie,Kaller, Alan,Harwig, Curtis,Atsma, Bem,Skerlj, Renato T.,Bridger, Gary J.
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p. 823 - 830
(2013/01/03)
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- Syntheses of phosphonic esters of alendronate, pamidronate and neridronate
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Several synthetic pathways for obtaining phosphonic esters of the amino bisphosphonic acids (NBPs) pamidronate, alendronate and neridronate were investigated. The general guideline was to react N-protected amino acids activated as phthalimide esters or as acyl chlorides. Succinimide esters were found less reactive and quickly abandoned. γ-Lactam formation arises when starting from Boc- or Cbz-protected amino acids. The phthalimide N-protecting group allowed access to alkyl or aryl mono-, di- (symmetric or not) and triesters of these three NBPs in high yields. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2007.
- Guenin, Erwann,Monteil, Maelle,Bouchemal, Nadia,Prange, Thierry,Lecouvey, Marc
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p. 3380 - 3391
(2008/02/10)
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- THIAZOL-COMPOUNDS AS 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE 1 INHIBITORS
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The present invention relates to compounds with the formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, X, and Y are as defined herein, and also to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, as well as to the use of the compounds in medicine and for the preparation of a medicament which acts on the human 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme.
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Page/Page column 126
(2008/06/13)
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- Search for histamine H3 receptor antagonists with combined inhibitory potency at Nτ-methyltransferase: Ether derivatives
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With the recent development of new hybrid compounds having histamine H 3 receptor antagonist with combined histamine Nτ- methyltransferase (HMT) inhibitory potency an innovative approach was described in the research of novel lead compounds modulating histaminergic neurotransmission. Several compounds containing an ether moiety derived from the recently published 4-(3-piperidinopropoxy)phenylaminoquinoline derivatives (like FUB 836), were synthesized in this study and tested for their affinity at cloned human histamine H3 (hH3) receptors and on the inhibition of rat HMT. Besides different heterocycles, e.g. nitro- or amino-substituted pyridines, quinolines, benzothiazole or pyrroline, three classes of compounds were produced: heteroaromatic 3-piperidinopropyl ethers, keto- or imino-substituted 4-(3-piperidinopropyl)phenyl ethers and 4-(3-piperidinopropyl)phenyl ethers with substituted (alkyl)aminopyridines. Whereas the (3-piperidinopropoxy)heterocycles showed only moderate activities on both test models, the 4-(3-piperidinopropoxy)phenyl derivatives were identified as potent histamine H3 receptor ligands and/or HMT inhibitors. Ki values up to 0.42 nM were found for the affinity to the hH 3 receptor. HMT inhibitory potency was identified with IC 50 values about 0.3 μM for the most potent compounds in this series. Comparison of the pyridine-containing derivatives to recently published quinoline analogues showed a decrease in potencies for the pyridines. The dual activity, H3 receptor affinity and HMT inhibition, was moderate to good. For all compounds affinities at hH3 receptors were higher than their inhibitory HMT potencies. The described new histamine H3 receptor antagonists with an ether moiety represent a further promising step in our investigations for a dual activity.
- Apelt,Grassmann,Ligneau,Pertz,Ganellin,Arrang,Schwartz,Schunack,Stark, Holger
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- Structure-based de novo design of ligands using a three-dimensional model of the insulin receptor
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For the first time, a three-dimensional model of the insulin receptor is used in the de novo design of novel ligands that potentially mimic interactions of insulin at its receptor. Compound 4 competed with insulin as seen in autophosphorylation assays and inhibited up to 68% of IR autophosphorylation at 300 μM of 4 in 3T3IR cells induced by 1 nM insulin. This model provides a basis for the design of potent insulin receptor ligands.
- Tan, Christopher,Wei, Lianhu,Ottensmeyer, F. Peter,Goldfine, Ira,Maddux, Betty A.,Yip, Cecil C.,Batey, Robert A.,Kotra, Lakshmi P.
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p. 1407 - 1410
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and pharmacological activity of fluorescent histamine H1 receptor antagonists related to mepyramine
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Fluorescently labeled histamine H1 receptor antagonists were synthesized starting from N-demethylmepyramine by introduction of ω-aminoalkyl chains (2-8 methylene groups in length) followed by derivatization of the terminal NH2 group with various fluorophores (fluorescein, naphthofluorescein, rhodamine, tetramethylrhodamine, BODIPY, dansyl, and nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)). On the isolated guinea pig ileum and in a Ca2+ assay on U373MG human glioblastoma cells the highest H1 antagonistic activities were found in 5- and 6-carboxyfluorescein labeled compounds with hexa- and octamethylene spacers and in an analogous NBD-aminohexanoyl derivative (pA2 or pKB values in the range: 8.3-9.0; compared to 9.3-9.4 for mepyramine).
- Li, Liantao,Kracht, Julia,Peng, Shiqi,Bernhardt, Guenther,Buschauer, Armin
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p. 1245 - 1248
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of N,N-phthaloyl derivatives of central nervous system inhibitory amino acids
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In order to study the influence of the length of the amino acid chain of N,N-phthaloyl-amino acid amides as analogues of the former anticonvulsant taltrimide on the seizure-antagonizing activity glycine, β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives were synthesized. The corresponding taurine derivatives were also included. Generally, the glycine-derived amides showed a higher activity than the β-alanine and GABA derivatives in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test in mice upon intraperitoneal administration. The activity was comparable to the respective taurine derivatives. The N,N-phthaloyl-glycine amides were also active in the MES test upon oral administration to rats. No significant activity was noted in the seizure threshold test with subcutaneous pentylene-tetrazole. The ED50 of N,N-phthaloyl-glycine ethyl amide (4b) in the MES test upon intraperitoneal administration to mice was 19.1 mg/kg. On a molar basis this activity is comparable to the activity of phenytoin with little toxicity in the rotorod test. In conclusion, N,N-phthaloyl-glycine amides might represent promising antiepileptic drugs.
- Usifoh, Cyril O.,Lambert, Didier M.,Wouters, Johan,Scriba, Gerhard K.E.
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p. 323 - 331
(2007/10/03)
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- Exploratory studies probing the intermediacy of azomethine ylides in the photochemistry of N-phthaloyl derivatives of α-amino acids and β-amino alcohols
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Exploratory photochemical studies with N-phthaloyl derivatives of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, threonine and analogous carboxylic acids and alcohols have been conducted to determine the generality of azomethine ylide forming decarboxylation and retro-aldol fragmentation reactions. Preferences in the competition between these excited state reaction pathways have been determined by studies with phthalimides which contain both α-amino acid and β-aminoethanol groups.
- Yoon, Ung Chan,Lee, Chan Woo,Oh, Sun Wha,Mariano, Patrick S.
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p. 11997 - 12008
(2007/10/03)
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- Solid phase-solid state synthesis of N-alkyl imides from anhydrides
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Preparation of N-alkyl imides from anhydrides is developed on polymer support in solid state assisted by microwave for the first time.
- Chandrasekhar,Padmaja,Raza
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p. 1597 - 1599
(2007/10/03)
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- Condensed heterocyclic compounds, their production and use
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Compounds represented by the formula: STR1 wherein ring A is benzene; Ar is aromatic group; R1, R2 and R3 each stands for H, acyl, hydrocarbon or heterocyclic, or R2 and R3, taken together, may form non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon; X is methylene or carbonyl; ......... is single bond or double bond; when ......... is single bond, Y is --NR4 -- (R4 is H, acyl, hydrocarbon or heterocyclic), when ......... is double bond, Y is N; n is 1-3, provided that, X is carbonyl and, at the same time, R2 and R3, taken together, form non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon, ......... is double bond or R4 is a heterocyclic or --Z(CH2)m --W (Z is methylene or carbonyl, W is optionally substituted amino, and m denotes 0-5), or salts thereof have an excellent GnRH receptor antagonistic action and/or an action of improving sleep disturbances.
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- Synthesis of Medium- and Large-Ring Compounds Initiated by Photochemical Decarboxylation of ω-Phthalimidoalkanoates
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The synthesis of a variety of hydroxylactams from ω-phthalimidoalkanoates using a triplet-sensitized photodecarboxylation reaction initiated by intramolecular photo electron transfer is described. Ring sizes available by this method span from 4 (benzazepine-1,5-dione 7) to 26 (cyclodipeptide 26e). Ground-state template formation is proposed as the explanation for the high efficiency of this reaction and for the decrease in reactivity in the presence of organic bases instead of metal carbonates. The crucial step in this macrocyclization reaction seems to be the protonation of the intermediary ketyl radiais (Scheme 4). Spacer groups investigated were alkyl chains (C3-C11: 5c-h, 11a, 12), ether (16, 18), ester (20, 22), and amide (26a-f) linkages. Within the detection limits, no dimeric (= decarboxylative coupling) products were observed, indicating the high preference for intra-vs. intermolecular photoelectron transfer. The C,C radical combination step proceeds with low stereoselectivity (cf. products 11 and 12) in contrast to comparable singlet reactions. Except for the lactones 22, all products were stable under the photolysis conditions. Prolonged irradiation of 22 led to the formation of the spiro compounds 23, probably via an intermediary acyliminium betaine (Scheme 8). One serious limitation of the decarboxylative macrocyclization is its incompatibility with the glycine spacer (as in 27a and 27b), probably the consequence of a strong intramolecular H-bond (Scheme 10).
- Griesbeck, Axel G.,Henz, Andreas,Kramer, Wolfgang,Lex, Johann,Nerowski, Frank,Oelgemoeller, Michael,Peters, Karl,Peters, Eva-Maria
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p. 912 - 933
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonistic activity of N,N-disubstituted ω-guanidino- and ω-aminoalkanoic acid amides
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Patent arpromidine-type histamine H2 receptor agonists such as BU-E-76 (He 90481) were among the first non-peptides reported to display weak neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor antagonist activity. In search of new chemical leads for the development of more potent NPY antagonists, a series of N,N-disubstituted ω-guanidino and ω-aminoalkanoic acid amides were synthesized on the basis of structure-activity relationships and molecular modeling studies of arpromidine and related imidazolylpropylguanidines. In one group of compounds the imidazole ring was retained whereas in the second group it was replaced with a phenol group representing a putative mimic of Tyr36 in NPY. Although the substitution patterns have not yet been optimized, the title compounds are NPY Y1 antagonists in human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells (Ca2+ assay) achieving pK(B) values in the range of 6.3-6.6. For representative new substances tested in the isolated guinea pig right atrium histamine H2 receptor agonism could not be found. In the N-(diphenylalkyl)amide series, compounds with a trimethylene chain were more active Y1 antagonists than the ethylene homologs. Concerning the spacer in the ω-amino or ω-guanidinoalkanoyl portion, the best activity was found in compounds with a four- or five-membered alkyl chain or a 1,4-cyclohexylene group. Surprisingly, in contrast to the phenol series, in the imidazole series the compounds with a side chain amino group turned out to be considerably mere potent than the corresponding strongly basic guanidines. Thus, the structure-activity relationships appear to be different for the diphenylalkylamide NPY antagonists with one or two basic groups.
- Mueller, Manfred,Knieps, Sebastian,Gessele, Karin,Dove, Stefan,Bernhardt, Guenther,Buschauer, Armin
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p. 333 - 342
(2007/10/03)
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- Imides
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Cyclic imides are inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor α and can be used to combat cachexia, endotoxic shock, and retrovirus replication. A typical embodiment is 2-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-4-azaisoindoline-1,3-dione.
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- Cyclic amides
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Cyclic amides are inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor and can be used to combat cachexia, endotoxic shock, and retrovirus replication. A typical embodiment is 3-phenyl-3-(1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)propionamide.
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- Acid cleavable compounds, their preparation and use as bifunctional acid-labile crosslinking agents
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Novel compounds, their preparation and their use as bifunctional acid-labile crosslinking agents which are cleavable in an acid environment at a pH of below about 5.0 allowing for the controlled release of nucleophilic groups attached thereto are disclosed.
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- Photoelektronentransfer-induzierte Makrocyclisierung von N-Phthaloyl-ω-aminocarbonsaeuren
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Stichworte: Aminosaeuren.Cyclisierungen.Makrocyclen.Photochemie
- Griesbeck, Axel G.,Henz, Andreas,Peters, Karl,Peters, Eva-Maria,Schnering, Hans Georg von
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p. 498 - 500
(2007/10/02)
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- Ring closure of N-phthaloylglutamines
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Cyclic imides are inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor α and can be used to combat cachexia, endotoxic shock, and retrovirus replication. A typical embodiment is 2-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-4-azaisoindoline-1,3-dione.
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- Unexpected Selectivity in the Alkylation of Polyazamacrocycles
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Reaction of equivalent amounts of free base polyazamacrocycles with an alkyl halide in a nonpolar, aprotic solvent affords the mono-N-alkylation product as its monohydrohalide salt in high yield with excellent selectivity.This unexpected selectivity has been explained in terms of the high affinity of the alkylated product for a single proton which attenuates the nucleophilicity of the remaining nitrogen atoms.Selectivity is dependent upon a number of factors including macrocycle ring size, solvent polarity, and the steric nature of the electrophile.The approach has been allowed for a short, convergent route to bifunctional lanthanide chelators which are useful in therapeutic applications.
- Kruper, William J.,Rudolf, Philip R.,Langhoff, Charles A.
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p. 3869 - 3876
(2007/10/02)
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