- Efficient molar-scale synthesis of 1-methyl-5-acylimidazole triflic acid salts
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A new process for the molar-scale preparation of 1-methyl-5-acylimidazole triflic acid salts was developed. The new process consists of: (i) regioselective 3N-tritylation of 5-acylimidazole to give 3-trityl-5-acylimidazoles, (ii) 1N-methylation of 3-trityl-5-acylimidazoles, and (iii) hydrolysis of the resulting quaternary ammonium salts to afford 1-methyl-5-acylimidazole triflic acid salts. This process is highly efficient, affording 1-methyl-5-acylimidazole triflic acid salts in 86-88% overall yield in three steps without chromatographic separation of products.
- Chen, Bang-Chi,Skoumbourdis, Amanda P.,Sundeen, Joseph E.,Rovnyak, George C.,Traeger, Sarah C.
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Read Online
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Imidazole-Bearing α-Phosphonocarboxylates as Inhibitors of Rab Geranylgeranyl Transferase (RGGT)
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Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (RGGT) is an interesting therapeutic target, as it ensures proper functioning of Rab GTPases, a class of enzymes responsible for the regulation of vesicle trafficking. Relying on our previous studies, we synthesized a set of new α-phosphonocarboxylic acids as potential RGGT inhibitors, with emphasis on the elaboration of imidazole-containing analogues. We identified two compounds with activity similar to that of previously reported RGGT inhibitors, showing structural similarity to imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-containing analogues in terms of their substitution pattern. Interestingly, analogues of the N-series, derived from another phosphonocarboxylate RGGT inhibitor, 2-fluoro-3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-2-phosphonopropanoic acid, turned out to be inactive in our model, indicating that an additional substituent localized at positions C2 or C4 of the imidazole ring, may adversely affect the potency against the targeted enzyme.
- Joachimiak, ?ukasz,Marchwicka, Aleksandra,Gendaszewska-Darmach, Edyta,B?a?ewska, Katarzyna M.
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Read Online
- Functionalization of the Imidazole Backbone by Means of a Tailored and Optimized Oxidative Heck Cross-Coupling
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A general and selective Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of aromatic boronic acids with vinyl-imidazoles is disclosed. Unlike most cross-coupling reactions, this method operates well in absence of bases avoiding the formation of by-products. The reactivity is highly enhanced by the presence of nitrogen-based ligands, in particular bathocuproine. The method involves MnO2 as oxidant for the oxidation Pd (0)→Pd (II), a much weaker oxidant than previously reported in the literature. This allows for the use of reactants that possess a multitude of functional groups. A scope and limitation study involving a series of 24 boronic acids, whereof 18 afforded TMs in yields in the range 41–95%. The disclosed method constitutes the first general method for the oxidative Heck cross-coupling on the imidazole scaffold, which moreover operates with a selection of other heterocycles. (Figure presented.).
- Cirillo, Davide,Angelucci, Francesco,Bj?rsvik, Hans-René
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p. 5079 - 5092
(2020/09/23)
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- PURIFIED CRYSTALLINE DETOMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE, ANHYDRATE AND FREE BASE WITH LOW AMOUNTS OF ISO-DETOMIDINE AND OTHER IMPURITIES BY RECRYSTALLISATION IN WATER
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The present disclosure relates to crystalline detomidine hydrochloride monohydrate, anhydrous detomidine hydrochloride and detomidine free base (4-[(2,3-dimethylphenyl)methyl]-1H-lmidazole ), purified by recrystallisation in water, with a low amount (total amount of impurities is not more than 0.1% area relative to detomidine based on HPLC, UV detection at 220 nm) of the impurities iso-detomidine (4-[(3,4-dimethylphenyl)methyl]-1H-lmidazole ), iso-impurity A (((RS)-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)(1H-imidazol-4-yl)methanol)), impurity A ((RS)-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)(1H-imidazol-4-yl)methanol), "ketone impurity" (2,3-dimethylphenyl)(1H-imidazol-4-yl) methanone, impurity B ((RS)-(1-benzyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)(2, 3-dimethyl phenyl) methanol) and impurity C (4-[(2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)methyl]-1H-imidazole). Also disclosed are processes for recrystallising detomidine hydrochloride monohydrate from commercially available anhydrous detomidine hydrochloride in water, pharmaceutical compositions comprising detomidine hydrochloride in purified form for use as an analgesic in methods of treating human subjects, a process for validating a batch of detomidine hydrochloride drug substance by determining the content of impurities iso-detomidine and iso- impurity A by HPLC, as well as XRPD, DSC and TGA data of crystalline detomidine free base.
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Page/Page column 26; 27
(2020/02/14)
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- Discovery and Lead-Optimization of 4,5-Dihydropyrazoles as Mono-Kinase Selective, Orally Bioavailable and Efficacious Inhibitors of Receptor Interacting Protein 1 (RIP1) Kinase
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RIP1 kinase regulates necroptosis and inflammation and may play an important role in contributing to a variety of human pathologies, including inflammatory and neurological diseases. Currently, RIP1 kinase inhibitors have advanced into early clinical trials for evaluation in inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ulcerative colitis and neurological diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. In this paper, we report on the design of potent and highly selective dihydropyrazole (DHP) RIP1 kinase inhibitors starting from a high-throughput screen and the lead-optimization of this series from a lead with minimal rat oral exposure to the identification of dihydropyrazole 77 with good pharmacokinetic profiles in multiple species. Additionally, we identified a potent murine RIP1 kinase inhibitor 76 as a valuable in vivo tool molecule suitable for evaluating the role of RIP1 kinase in chronic models of disease. DHP 76 showed efficacy in mouse models of both multiple sclerosis and human retinitis pigmentosa.
- Harris, Philip A.,Faucher, Nicolas,George, Nicolas,Eidam, Patrick M.,King, Bryan W.,White, Gemma V.,Anderson, Niall A.,Bandyopadhyay, Deepak,Beal, Allison M.,Beneton, Veronique,Berger, Scott B.,Campobasso, Nino,Campos, Sebastien,Capriotti, Carol A.,Cox, Julie A.,Daugan, Alain,Donche, Frederic,Fouchet, Marie-Hélène,Finger, Joshua N.,Geddes, Brad,Gough, Peter J.,Grondin, Pascal,Hoffman, Bonnie L.,Hoffman, Sandra J.,Hutchinson, Susan E.,Jeong, Jae U.,Jigorel, Emilie,Lamoureux, Pauline,Leister, Lara K.,Lich, John D.,Mahajan, Mukesh K.,Meslamani, Jamel,Mosley, Julie E.,Nagilla, Rakesh,Nassau, Pamela M.,Ng, Sze-Ling,Ouellette, Michael T.,Pasikanti, Kishore K.,Potvain, Florent,Reilly, Michael A.,Rivera, Elizabeth J.,Sautet, Stéphane,Schaeffer, Michelle C.,Sehon, Clark A.,Sun, Helen,Thorpe, James H.,Totoritis, Rachel D.,Ward, Paris,Wellaway, Natalie,Wisnoski, David D.,Woolven, James M.,Bertin, John,Marquis, Robert W.
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supporting information
p. 5096 - 5110
(2019/05/22)
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- Concise Synthesis of Anserine: Efficient Solvent Tuning in Asymmetric Hydrogenation Reaction
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A concise synthesis of anserine and related compounds was accomplished by Et-DuPhos-Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of dehydrohistidine derivatives in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, which played a key role in improving the yield and selectivity.
- Yamashita, Megumi,Shimizu, Keita,Koizumi, Yasuaki,Wakimoto, Toshiyuki,Hamashima, Yoshitaka,Asakawa, Tomohiro,Inai, Makoto,Kan, Toshiyuki
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supporting information
p. 2734 - 2736
(2016/11/30)
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- Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of β-Lactams and γ-Lactams by Post-Ugi Nucleophilic Cyclization: Lewis Acids as Regioselective Switch
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Heterocyclic fused α-methylene β-lactams were successfully synthesized by a post-Ugi InIII-catalyzed intramolecular addition reaction. Switching from InCl3 to AlCl3 led to the regioselective synthesis of α,β-unsaturated γ-lactams. Moreover, replacing terminal alkynes by substituted alkynes in the Ugi adducts resulted in the exclusive formation of γ-lactams with both catalytic systems. A regioselective approach for the synthesis of heterocyclic fused α-methylene β-lactams and α,β-unsaturated γ-lactams by employing a Ugi reaction followed by InIII- or AlIII-catalyzed intramolecular nucleophilic addition is reported.
- Li, Zhenghua,Sharma, Upendra Kumar,Liu, Zhen,Sharma, Nandini,Harvey, Jeremy N.,Van Der Eycken, Erik V.
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supporting information
p. 3957 - 3962
(2015/06/30)
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- NITROGENATED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND
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The present invention provides a compound having a PDE2A selective inhibitory action, which is useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and the like. The present invention is a compound represented by the formula (1): wherein each symbol is as described in the specification, or a salt thereof.
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Paragraph 0816
(2015/03/28)
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- Dialkylimidazole inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi sterol 14α-demethylase as anti-Chagas disease agents
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New dialkylimidazole based sterol 14α-demethylase inhibitors were prepared and tested as potential anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents. Previous studies had identified compound 2 as the most potent and selective inhibitor against parasite cultures. In addition, animal studies had demonstrated that compound 2 is highly efficacious in the acute model of the disease. However, compound 2 has a high molecular weight and high hydrophobicity, issues addressed here. Systematic modifications were carried out at four positions on the scaffold and several inhibitors were identified which are highly potent (EC50 1 nM) against T. cruzi in culture. The halogenated derivatives 36j, 36k, and 36p, display excellent activity against T. cruzi amastigotes, with reduced molecular weight and lipophilicity, and exhibit suitable physicochemical properties for an oral drug candidate.
- Suryadevara, Praveen Kumar,Racherla, Kishore Kumar,Olepu, Srinivas,Norcross, Neil R.,Tatipaka, Hari Babu,Arif, Jennifer A.,Planer, Joseph D.,Lepesheva, Galina I.,Verlinde, Christophe L.M.J.,Buckner, Frederick S.,Gelb, Michael H.
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supporting information
p. 6492 - 6499
(2013/11/19)
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- PRODUCTION METHOD OF IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES
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The present invention provides an advantageous production method of an imidazole derivative, which is suitable for industrial production. Compound (VI) is produced by reacting compound (I) with a Grignard reagent or a magnesium reagent, and a lithium reagent, and then reacting the resulting compound with compound (V).
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Page/Page column 35-36
(2013/02/28)
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- Straightforward preparation of biologically active 1-aryl- and 1-heteroarylpropan-2-amines in enantioenriched form
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Because of the importance of developing stereoselective syntheses for single enantiomers, a selected panel of racemic biologically active 1-aryl- and 1-heteroarylpropan-2-amines has been prepared, followed by a study of their behavior in enzymatic kinetic resolution (KR) processes. For this purpose, lipase B from Candida antarctica (CAL-B) proved to be an ideal biocatalyst allowing the preparation of the corresponding enantioenriched (R)-amides and (S)-amines by aminolysis reactions. Likewise, dynamic kinetic resolutions (DKR) have been successfully achieved combining the use of CAL-B and Shvo's catalyst. This research constitutes the first example of a lipase-catalyzed DKR process of β-substituted isopropylamines.
- Rodriguez-Mata, Maria,Gotor-Fernandez, Vicente,Gonzalez-Sabin, Javier,Rebolledo, Francisca,Gotor, Vicente
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2274 - 2278
(2011/05/02)
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- Triazole ligands reveal distinct molecular features that induce histaine H4 receptor affinity and subtly govern H4/H3 subtype selectivity
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The histamine H3 (H3R) and H4 (H 4R) receptors attract considerable interest from the medicinal chemistry community. Given their relatively high homology yet widely differing therapeutic promises, ligand selectivity for the two receptors is crucial. We interrogated H4R/H3R selectivities using ligands with a [1,2,3]triazole core. Cu(I)-assisted "click chemistry" was used to assemble diverse [1,2,3]triazole compounds (6a-w and 7a-f), many containing a peripheral imidazole group. The imidazole ring posed some problems in the click chemistry putatively due to Cu(II) coordination, but Boc protection of the imidazole and removal of oxygen from the reaction mixture provided effective strategies. Pharmacological studies revealed two monosubstituted imidazoles (6h,p) with 4R affinities and >10-fold H 4R/H3R selectivity. Both compounds possess a cycloalkylmethyl group and appear to target a lipophilic pocket in H 4R with high steric precision. The use of the [1,2,3]triazole scaffold is further demonstrated by the notion that simple changes in spacer length or peripheral groups can reverse the selectivity toward H3R. Computational evidence is provided to account for two key selectivity switches and to pinpoint a lipophilic pocket as an important handle for H4R over H3R selectivity.
- Wijtmans, Maikel,De Graaf, Chris,De Kloe, Gerdien,Istyastono, Enade P.,Smit, Judith,Lim, Herman,Boonnak, Ratchanok,Nijmeijer, Saskia,Smits, Rogier A.,Jongejan, Aldo,Zuiderveld, Obbe,De Esch, Iwan J. P.,Leurs, Rob
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1693 - 1703
(2011/05/05)
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- Direct synthesis of pyrroles via a silver-promoted three-component reaction involving unusual imidazole ring opening
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A novel silver-promoted three-component reaction toward the synthesis of multifunctionalized pyrroles has been developed. This reaction involves an unusual imidazole ring decomposition, presumably via 1,5-isomerization and subsequent hydrolysis.
- Zeng, Jing,Bai, Yaguang,Cai, Shuting,Ma, Jimei,Liu, Xue-Wei
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 12855 - 12857
(2012/02/03)
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- Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling of 1 -Benzyl-1H-imidazoles as Selective Inhibitors of Aldosterone Synthase (CYP11B2)
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Reducing aldosterone action is beneficial in various major diseases such as heart failure. Currently, this is achieved, with mineralocorticoid, receptor antagonists, however, aldosterone synthase (CYP 11B2) inhibitors may offer a promising alternative. In this study, we used three-dimensional modeling of CYP11B2 to model, the binding modes of the natural substrate 18-hydroxycorticosterone and the recently published CYP11B2 inhibitor R-fadrozole as a rational guide to design 44 structurally simple and achiral 1-benzyl-1H-imidazoles. Their syntheses, in vitro inhibitor potencies, and in silico docking are described. Some promising CYP11B2 inhibitors were identified, with our novel lead, MOERAS 115 (4-((5-phenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl) benzonitrile) displaying an IC50 for CYP11B2 of 1.7 nM, and a CYP11B2 (versus CYP11B1) selectivity of 16.5, comparable to R-fadrozole (IC 50 for CYP11B26.0 nM, selectivity 19.8). Molecular docking of the inhibitors in the models enabled us to generate posthoc hypotheses on their binding modes, providing a valuable basis for future studies and further design of CYP11B2 inhibitors.
- Roumen, Luc,Peeters, Joris W.,Emmen, Judith M. A.,Beugels, Ilona P. E.,Custers, Erica M. G.,De Gooyer, Marcel,Plate, Ralf,Pieterse, Koen,Hilbers, Peter A. J.,Smits, Jos F. M.,Vekemans, Jef A. J.,Leysen, Dirk,Ottenheijm, Harry C. J.,Janssen, Henk M.,Rob Hermans
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experimental part
p. 1712 - 1725
(2010/07/17)
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- MELANOCORTIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST COMPOUNDS, PROCESS FOR PREPARING THEM AND USE THEREOF IN HUMAN MEDICINE AND COSMETICS
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The present invention relates to novel melanocortin receptor antagonist compounds corresponding to the general formula (I) below, to compositions containing them, to the process for preparing them and to their use in pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions.
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Page/Page column 37
(2010/06/11)
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- MELANOCORTIN RECEPTOR MODULATORS, PROCESS FOR PREPARING THEM AND USE THEREOF IN HUMAN MEDICINE AND COSMETICS
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The present invention relates to novel melanocortin receptor modulators corresponding to the general formula (I) to compositions containing them, to the process for preparing them and to their use in pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions.
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Page/Page column 68
(2010/06/11)
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- Second generation analogues of the cancer drug clinical candidate tipifarnib for anti-chagas disease drug discovery
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We previously reported that the cancer drug clinical candidate tipifarnib kills the causative agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, by blocking ergosterol biosynthesis at the level of inhibition of lanosterol 14α-demethylase. Tipifarnib is an inhibitor of human protein farnesyltransferase. We synthesized tipifarnib analogues that no longer bind to protein farnesyltransferase and display increased potency for killing parasites. This was achieved in a structure-guided fashion by changing the substituents attached to the phenyl group at the 4-position of the quinoline ring of tipifarnib and by replacing the amino group by OMe. Several compounds that kill Trypanosoma cruzi at subnanomolar concentrations and are devoid of protein farnesyltransferase inhibition were discovered. The compounds are shown to be advantageous over other lanosterol 14α-demethylase inhibitors in that they show only modest potency for inhibition of human cytochrome P450 (3A4). Since tipifarnib displays high oral bioavailability and acceptable pharmacokinetic properties, the newly discovered tipifarnib analogues are ideal leads for the development of drugs to treat Chagas disease.
- Kraus, James M.,Tatipaka, Hari Babu,McGuffin, Sarah A.,Chennamaneni, Naveen Kumar,Karimi, Mandana,Arif, Jenifer,Verlinde, Christophe L. M. J.,Buckner, Frederick S.,Gelb, Michael H.
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experimental part
p. 3887 - 3898
(2010/08/22)
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- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 5-(2-ETHYL-DIHYDRO-1H-INDEN-2-YL)-1H-IMIDAZOLE AND SALTS THEREOF
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The invention provides an improved, highly efficient method for preparing 5-(2- ethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-2-yl)-1 H-imidazole, and its salts, in particular its pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
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Page/Page column 4; 5-6
(2009/07/17)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of the metabolites of 2-(1-{3-[(6-chloronaphthalen-2-yl)sulfonyl]propanoyl}piperidin-4-yl)-5-methyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-imidazo[1,5-c]imidazol-3-one
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We have recently discovered imidazo[1,5-c]imidazol-3-one derivative 1 as a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor. In this study, we have synthesized metabolites of 1 and evaluated their biological activities. As a result, we identified the active metabolites S-5 and 6 with a potent FXa inhibitory activity comparable to 1 and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in monkeys.
- Fujimoto, Takuya,Tobisu, Mamoru,Konishi, Noriko,Kawamura, Masaki,Tada, Norio,Takagi, Terufumi,Kubo, Keiji
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experimental part
p. 7993 - 8002
(2010/03/30)
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- Structurally simple inhibitors of lanosterol 14α-demethylase are efficacious in a rodent model of acute Chagas disease
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We report structure-activity studies of a large number of dialkyl imidazoles as inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi lanosterol-14α-demethylase (L14DM). The compounds have a simple structure compared to posaconazole, another L14DM inhibitor that is an anti-Chagas drug candidate. Several compounds display potency for killing T. cruzi amastigotes in vitro with values of EC 50 in the 0.4-10 nM range. Two compounds were selected for efficacy studies in a mouse model of acute Chagas disease. At oral doses of 20-50 mg/kg given after establishment of parasite infection, the compounds reduced parasitemia in the blood to undetectable levels, and analysis of remaining parasites by PCR revealed a lack of parasites in the majority of animals. These dialkyl imidazoles are substantially less expensive to produce than posaconazole and are appropriate for further development toward an anti-Chagas disease clinical candidate.
- Suryadevara, Praveen Kumar,Olepu, Srinivas,Lockman, Jeffrey W.,Ohkanda, Junko,Karimi, Mandana,Verlinde, Christophe L. M. J.,Kraus, James M.,Schoepe, Jan,Van Voorhis, Wesley C.,Hamilton, Andrew D.,Buckner, Frederick S.,Gelb, Michael H.
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experimental part
p. 3703 - 3715
(2010/04/24)
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- N-benzyl imidazole derivatives and their use as aldosterone synthase inhibitors
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The invention relates to the use of a N-benzyl 5-substituted imidazole derivative having the general formula I wherein R is (C1-3)alkyl, (C1-3)alkyloxy, halogen, nitro or cyano; R1 is (C1-6)alkyl, optionally substituted with OH, (C1-3)alkyloxy, (C1-3)alkylcarbonyloxy, (C1-3)alkyloxycarbonyl or halogen, or (C1-3)alkyloxycarbonyl; or R1 is phenyl, optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents independently selected from (C1-3)alkyl, (C1-3)alkyloxy, hydroxylmethyl and halogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disorder or disease in a subject mediated by aldosterone synthase or responsive to inhibition of aldosterone synthase.
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Page/Page column 11
(2009/09/26)
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- PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS CYTOCHROME P450 INHIBITORS
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The present invention provides compounds of formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof, methods for their preparation, methods for their use, and pharmaceutical formulations comprising them.
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Page/Page column 79
(2008/06/13)
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- Organic compounds
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The present invention provides a compound of formula I: Said compound is inhibitor of aldosterone synthase and aromatase, and thus can be employed for the treatment of a disorder or disease mediated by aldosterone synthase or aromatase. Accordingly, the compound of formula I can be used in treatment of hypokalemia, hypertension, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, renal failure, in particular, chronic renal failure, restenosis, atherosclerosis, syndrome X, obesity, nephropathy, post-myocardial infarction, coronary heart diseases, inflammation, increased formation of collagen, fibrosis such as cardiac or myocardiac fibrosis and remodeling following hypertension and endothelial dysfunction, gynecomastia, osteoporosis, prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia, polycystic ovarian disease, infertility, fibrocystic breast disease, breast cancer and fibrocystic mastopathy. Finally, the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition.
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Page/Page column 29
(2010/11/26)
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- Second generation tetrahydroquinoline-based protein farnesyltransferase inhibitors as antimalarials
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Substituted tetrahydroquinolines (THQs) have been previously identified as inhibitors of mammalian protein farnesyltransferase (PFT). Previously we showed that blocking PFT in the malaria parasite led to cell death and that THQ-based inhibitors are the most potent among several structural classes of PFT inhibitors (PFTIs). We have prepared 266 THQ-based PFTIs and discovered several compounds that inhibit the malarial enzyme in the sub- to low-nanomolar range and that block the growth of the parasite (P. falciparum) in the low-nanomolar range. This body of structure-activity data can be rationalized in most cases by consideration of the X-ray structure of one of the THQs bound to mammalian PFT together with a homology structural model of the malarial enzyme. The results of this study provide the basis for selection of antimalarial PFTIs for further evaluation in preclinical drug discovery assays.
- Bendale, Pravin,Olepu, Srinivas,Suryadevara, Praveen Kumar,Bulbule, Vivek,Rivas, Kasey,Nallan, Laxman,Smart, Brian,Yokoyama, Kohei,Ankala, Sudha,Pendyala, Prakash Rao,Floyd, David,Lombardo, Louis J.,Williams, David K.,Buckner, Frederick S.,Chakrabarti, Debopam,Verlinde, Christophe L. M. J.,Van Voorhis, Wesley C.,Gelb, Michael H.
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p. 4585 - 4605
(2008/03/13)
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- Structurally simple, potent, Plasmodium selective farnesyltransferase inhibitors that arrest the growth of malaria parasites
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Third world nations require immediate access to inexpensive therapeutics to counter the high mortality inflicted by malaria. Here, we report a new class of antimalarial protein farnesyltransferase (PFT) inhibitors, designed with specific emphasis on simple molecular architecture, to facilitate easy access to therapies based on this recently validated antimalarial target. This novel series of compounds represents the first Plasmodium falciparum selective PFT inhibitors reported (up to 145-fold selectivity), with lead inhibitors displaying excellent in vitro activity (IC50 50 100 nM). Initial studies of absorption, metabolism, and oral bioavailability are reported.
- Glenn, Matthew P.,Chang, Sung-Youn,Hornéy, Carrie,Rivas, Kasey,Yokoyama, Kohei,Pusateri, Erin E.,Fletcher, Steven,Cummings, Christopher G.,Buckner, Frederick S.,Pendyala, Prakash R.,Chakrabarti, Debopam,Sebti, Sa?d M.,Gelb, Michael,Van Voorhis, Wesley C.,Hamilton, Andrew D.
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p. 5710 - 5727
(2007/10/03)
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- COMPOUNDS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF MALARIA AND CANCER
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Formula (I): Where R1 is an optionally substituted C3-C12 hydrocarbyl group (preferably a cyclic alkyl group), an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group or an optionally substituted heteroaromatic group; R is a C(O)yR' group (preferably forming an optionally substituted C2-C5 acyl group), or a S(O)xR' group, where y is 0 or 1 and x is 0, 1 or 2 and R' is H or an optionally substituted C1-C12 alkyl group, or R' is an optionally substituted C5-C12 cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group or an optionally substituted heteroaromatic group; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 are each independently selected from H, an optionally substituted C1-C12 hydrocarbyl group, including a C5-C12 cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group or an optionally substituted heteroaromatic group, or R5 and R6, R7 and R8 or R9 and R10 together form a keto (C=O) group; RN is H, an optionally substituted C1-C12 hydrocarbyl group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group, or an optionally substituted heteroaromatic group; A is Formula (II): a Formula (III): group, or a Formula (IV) or Formula (V) group, where Z is N, O or S; Ra is H, a C1-C12 optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group or an optionally substituted aromatic group; n is from 0 to 3; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Compounds according to the invention are useful in one or more aspects to inhibit farnesyl transferase, or to treat malaria, neoplasia, a hyperproliferative disease state or arthritis, including rheumaroid arthritis or osteoarthritis.
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Page/Page column 21; 22
(2008/06/13)
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- Enantio- and diastereoselective michael addition reactions of unmodified aldehydes and ketones with nitroolefins catalyzed by a pyrrolidine sulfonamide
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Chiral (S)-pyrrolidine trifluoromethanesulfonamide has been shown to serve as an effective catalyst for direct Michael addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones with nitroolefins. A wide range of aldehydes and ketones as Michael donors and nitroolefins as acceptors participate in the process, which proceeds with high levels of enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee) and diastereoselectivity (up to 50:1 d.r.). The methodology has been employed successfully in an efficient synthesis of the potent H., agonist Sen 50917. In addition, a practical three-step procedure for the preparation of (S)-pyrrolidine trifluorometh-anesulfonamide has been developed. The high levels of stereochemical control attending Michael addition reactions catalyzed by this pyrrolidine sulfonamide, have been investigated by using ab initio and density functional methods. Transition state structures for the rate-limiting C-C bond-forming step, corresponding to re- and si-face addition to the reactive conformation of the key enamine intermediates have been calculated. Analysis of these structures indicates that hydrogen bonding plays an important role in catalysis and that the energy barrier for si-face attack in reactions of aldehydes to form 2R,3S products is lower than that for the re-face attack leading to 2S,3R products. In contrast, the energy barrier for re-face addition is lower than that for si-face addition in reactions of ketones. The computational results, which are in good agreement with the experimental observations, are discussed in the context of the stereo-chemical course of these Michael addition reactions.
- Wang, Jian,Li, Hao,Lou, Bihshow,Zu, Liansuo,Guo, Hua,Wang, Wei
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p. 4321 - 4332
(2008/02/06)
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- Synthesis of imidazole phosphinic acids as I4AA analogues
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The GABAC receptor has been identified as a potentially attractive target involved in a number of eye diseases. TPMPA is the best antagonist reported so far. The synthesis of two new pharmacophores based on imidazole phosphinic acid core structure will be presented.
- Orain, David,Mattes, Henri
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p. 1253 - 1255
(2007/10/03)
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- DIRECT ORGANOCATALYTIC ASYMMETRIC REACTIONS OF ENOLIZABLE α-AMINO ALDEHYDES OR KETONES TO FORM HIGHLY ENANTIOMERICALLY ENRICHED AMINE PRODUCTS
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A method for asymmetrically forming a (diprotectedamino)-product having a chiral center and in which one enantiomer is in excess over the other is disclosed. The method comprises reacting an enolizable alpha- (diprotectedamino)-aldehyde or -ketone donor molecule with an excess of an unsaturated acceptor molecule that has one or no hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom alpha to the carbon of the unsaturation. The donor and acceptor molecules are dissolved or dispersed in a liquid solvent and are in the presence of a chiral amine catalyst to form an addition product reaction medium. The reaction medium is maintained for a time sufficient to form an α-(diprotectedamino)-aldehyde or -ketone product having a chiral center formed at a carbon atom bonded to the α-(diprotectedamino) group and in which one enantiomer is in excess over the other.
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Page/Page column 48
(2010/10/20)
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- Structurally simple farnesyltransferase inhibitors arrest the growth of malaria parasites
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Antimalarial compounds: Structurally simple acyclic inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase (active-site model shown) from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum may allow third world countries access to an effective and inexpensive antimalarial therapy to counter the estimated half billion infections that occur annually.
- Glenn, Matthew P.,Chang, Sung-Youn,Hucke, Oliver,Verlinde, Christophe L. M. J.,Rivas, Kasey,Horney, Carrie,Yokoyama, Kohei,Buckner, Frederick S.,Pendyala, Prakash R.,Chakrabarti, Debopam,Gelb, Michael,Van Voorhis, Wesley C.,Sebti, Said M.,Hamilton, Andrew D.
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p. 4903 - 4906
(2007/10/03)
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- Novel farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors as antitumor agents
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Disclosed are novel tricyclic compounds represented by the formula (1.0): and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. The compounds are useful for inhibiting farnesyl protein transferase. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of formula 1.0. Also disclosed are methods of treating cancer using the compounds of formula 1.0.
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- Novel aminophenyl piperazine or aminophenyl piperidine derivatives inhibiting prenyl transferase proteins and method for preparing same
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The invention concerns compounds corresponding to general formula (I), wherein, in particular: W represents hydrogen, COR6, CSR6, SO2R6, CO(CH2)nR6, (CH2)nR7; X represents CH or N; Y represents (CH2)n, CO, CH2CO, CH═CHCO, CH2CH2CO; Z represents a heterocycle. When Z=pyridine, then Y is other than CO. R1 represents hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, halogen OCH3, CF3; R2 and R3, identical or different, represent hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl; R4 represents a) hydrogen, b) C1-C6 alkyl, c) an aryl, d) a heterocycle; R5 represents hydrogen, COR7R8, SO2R7, CO(CH2)nSR7, CO(CH2)nOR7, CONR7R8, CO(CH2)mCOR7; R6 represents a) a phenyl or a naphthyl, b) a C1-C6 alkyl, a cycloalkyl, c) a heterocycle, d) NR7R8; R7 and R8, identical or different, represent a) hydrogen, C1-C15 alkyl, b) a heterocycle, c) an aryl; n represents 0 to 10; m represents 2 to 10; provided that when Z represents a quinozaline or benzimidazole group, then R5 is other than CH2Ph or methyl and n is other than zero.
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Page/Page column 5
(2008/06/13)
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- Prenyl transferase inhibitors
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A family of imidazole compounds useful for inhibiting the activity of prenyl transferases. The compounds are covered by the following formula: wherein X is (CHR11)n3(CH2)n4Z(CH2)n5 where Z is O, N(R12), S, or a bond; Y is CO, CH2, CS, or a bond; R1 is or N(R24R23); and the remaining substituents are as defined in the disclosure.
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- 3-(Imidazolyl)-2-alkoxypropanoic acids
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Compounds according to formula (I) wherein n is 0-3, R1 is optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, or C2-6 alkynyl, Heterocycle, Aromatic heterocycle, Aryl or hydrogen and R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 are each independently selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or R5 and R8 are an alkylene chain, are novel. They are useful in the treatment of thrombotic conditions and other pathologies associated with fibrin deposition.
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- [3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)propyl]guanidines containing furoxan moieties: A new class of H3-antagonists endowed with NO-donor properties
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Synthesis and pharmacological characterisation of a series of products obtained by coupling the H3-antagonist SKF 91486 through appropriate spacers with the NO-donor 3-phenylfuroxan-4-yloxy and 3-benzenesulfonylfuroxan-4-yloxy moieties, as well as with the corresponding furazan substructures, devoid of NO-donating properties, are reported. All the products were tested for their H3-antagonistic and H2-agonistic properties on electrically-stimulated guinea-pig ileum segments and guinea-pig papillary muscle, respectively. The whole series of compounds displayed good H3-antagonist behaviour and feeble partial H2-agonist activity. Among furoxan derivatives, the benzenesulfonyl hybrid 28, a good NO-donor, triggered a dual NO-dependent muscle relaxation and H3-antagonistic effect on guinea-pig intestine.
- Bertinaria, Massimo,Di Stilo, Antonella,Tosco, Paolo,Sorba, Giovanni,Poli, Enzo,Pozzoli, Cristina,Coruzzi, Gabriella,Fruttero, Roberta,Gasco, Alberto
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p. 1197 - 1205
(2007/10/03)
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- H3 receptor ligands: New imidazole H3-antagonists endowed with NO-donor properties
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Synthesis and pharmacological properties of a group of compounds obtained by coupling the H3-antagonist SKF 91486 with the NO-donor 3-phenylfuroxan-4-yloxy and 3-benzenesulfonylfuroxan-4-yloxy moieties, as well as with the corresponding furazan analogues, devoid of NO-donating properties, are reported. All the products were tested for their H3-antagonistic and H2-agonistic properties on electrically-simulated guinea-pig ileum segments and guinea-pig papillary muscle, respectively. All the synthesised compounds displayed good H3-antagonistic properties (pA2 range 7.02-8.49) while behaving only as weak partial H2-agonists. Derivative 28, the best NO-donor of the series, was able to trigger a dual NO-dependent muscle relaxation and H3-antagonistic effect on guinea-pig illeum.
- Bertinaria, Massimo
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p. 279 - 283
(2007/10/03)
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- Novel farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors as antitumor agents
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Disclosed are novel tricyclic compounds represented by the formula (1.0): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. The compounds are useful for inhibiting farnesyl protein transferase. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of formula 1.0. Also disclosed are methods of treating cancer using the compounds of formula 1.0.
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- Substituted imidazoles as dual histamine H1 and H3 agonists or antagonists
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The present invention discloses novel substituted imidazole compounds which have dual histamine-H1 and H3 receptor antagonist activity as well as methods for preparing such compounds. In another embodiment, the invention discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising such imidazoles as well as methods of using them to treat allergy, inflammatory and CNS-related diseases and others.
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- Design and synthesis of potent nonpeptidic farnesyltransferase inhibitors based on a terphenyl scaffold
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By modification of key carboxylate, hydrophobic, and zinc-binding groups projected from a sterically restricted terphenyl scaffold, a series of simple and nonpeptide mimetics of the CysVal-Ile-Met tetrapeptide substrate of protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) have been designed and synthesized. A crystal structure of 4-nitro-2-phenyl-3′-methoxycarbonylbiphenyl shows that the triphenyl fragment provides a large hydrophobic surface that potentially mimics the hydrophobic side chains of the three terminal residues in the tetrapeptide. 2-Phenyl-3-(N-(1-(4-cyanobenzyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)amino- 3′carboxylbiphenyl, in which the free thiol group was replaced with a 1-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazole group, shows submicromolar inhibition activity against FTase in vitro and inhibits H-Ras processing in whole cells.
- Ohkanda,Lockman,Kothare,Qian,Blaskovich,Sebti,Hamilton
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p. 177 - 188
(2007/10/03)
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- Substituted imidazoles as dual histamine H1 and H3 agonists or antagonists
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The present invention discloses novel substituted imidazole compounds which have H3 receptor antagonist activity or dual histamine-H1 and H3 receptor antagonist activity as well as methods for preparing such compounds. In another embodiment, the invention discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising such imidazoles as well as methods of using them to treat allergy, congestion, inflammatory and CNS-related diseases and others.
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- Total synthesis of isoroquefortine C
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A short and efficient total synthesis of isoroquefortine C, the 3,12-(Z)-isomer of roquefortine C, from L-tryptophan methyl ester hydrochloride and 4(5)-(hydroxy)methylimidazole hydrochloride is described.
- Schiavi, Bruno M.,Richard, David J.,Joullie, Madeleine M.
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p. 620 - 624
(2007/10/03)
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- Substituted imidazoles as dual histamine H1 and H3 agonists or antagonists
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The present invention discloses novel substituted imidazole compounds which have H3 receptor antagonist or dual histamine-H1 and H3 receptor antagonist activity as well as methods for preparing such compounds. In another embodiment, the invention discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising such imidazoles as well as methods of using them to treat allergy, nasal congestion, inflammatory and CNS-related diseases and others.
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- Preparation of (fluoromethyl)- and (difluoromethyl)imidazoles
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2-(Fluoromethyl)- and 2-(difluoromethyl)imidazoles, and 4-(fluoromethyl)- and 4-(difluoromethyl)imidazoles have been prepared by deoxyfluorination of (hydroxymethyl)imidazole or formylimidazole precursors.
- Dolensky, Bohumil,Kirk, Kenneth L.
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p. 1335 - 1344
(2007/10/03)
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- Inhibitors of protein isoprenyl transferases
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Compounds having the formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R1 is (a) hydrogen, (b) loweralkyl, (c) alkenyl, (d) alkoxy, (e) thioalkoxy, (f) halo, (g) haloalkyl, (h) aryl-L2—, and (i) heterocyclic-L2—; R2 is selected from (a) (b) —C(O)NH—CH(R14)—C(O)OR15, (c) (d) —C(O)NH—CH(R14)—C(O)NHSO2R16 (e) —C(O)NH—CH(R14)-tetrazolyl, (f) —C(O)NH-heterocyclic, and (g) —C(O)NH—CH(R14)—C(O)NR17R18; R3 is heterocyclic, aryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl; R4 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen, aryl, arylakyl, heterocyclic, or (heterocyclic)alkyl; L1 is absent or is selected from (a) —L4—N(R5)—L5—, (b) —L4—O—L5—, (c) —L4—S(O)n—L5— (d) —L4-L6—C(W)—N(R5)—L5—, (e) —L4-L6—S(O)m—N(R5)—L5—, (f) —L4—N(R5)—C(W)—L7-L5—, (g) —L4—N(R5)—S(O)p—L7—L5—, (h) optionally substituted alkylene, (i) optionally substituted alkenylene, and (j) optionally substituted alkynylene are inhibitors of protein isoprenyl transferases. Also disclosed are protein isoprenyl transferase inhibiting compositions and a method of inhibiting protein isoprenyl transferases.
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- Benzopyranone and quinolone inhibitors of ras farnesyl transferase
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The present invention provides ras farnesyl transferase inhibiting compounds of Formula I The present invention also provides a method of treating cancer and treating or preventing restenosis or atherosclerosis. Also provided by the present invention is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition containing a compound of Formula I.
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- Synthesis of natural 1-amidopyrrolizidines, absouline and laburnamine, derivatives and aminopyrrolidinoimidazole analogues
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Natural 1-amidopyrrolizidines, absouline and laburnamine, were synthesized via stable pyrrolizidin-1-one hydrobromide. Amides, ester derivatives and aminopyrrolidinoimidazole analogues were also prepared and their biological activities tested. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Christine, C.?line,Ikhiri, Khalid,Ahond, Alain,Mourabit, Ali Al,Poupat, Christiane,Potier, Pierre
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p. 1837 - 1850
(2007/10/03)
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- A new type of carboxypeptidase A inhibitors designed using an imidazole as a zinc coordinating ligand
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2-(4-Imidazoyl)hydrocinnamic acid (1) and its congeners (2-4) having different length of alkyl chain spacers between the imidazole ring and the α-carbon to the carboxylate of 1 have been designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors for carboxypeptidase A to show that they are competitive inhibitors for the enzyme. Inhibitor 1 was most potent having the K(i) value of 0.8 μM. The present study demonstrates that imidazole ring is an effective zinc coordinating ligand that can be useful for the design of inhibitors for zinc proteases.
- Lee, Kyung Joo,Joo, Keum Chan,Kim, Eun-Jung,Lee, Mijoon,Kim, Dong H.
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p. 1989 - 1998
(2007/10/03)
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- Potent, cell active, non-thiol tetrapeptide inhibitors of farnesyltransferase.
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All previously reported CAAX-based farnesyltransferase inhibitors contain a thiol functionality. We report that attachment of the 4-imidazolyl group, via 1-, 2-, or 3-carbon alkyl or alkanoyl spacers, to Val-Tic-Met or tLeu-Tic-Gln provides potent FT inhibitors. (R*)-N-[[1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-[N-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl] -L-valyl]-3-isoquinolinyl]carbonyl]-L-methionine ([imidazol- 4-yl-ethyl]-Val-Tic-Met), with FT IC50 = 0.79 nM, displayed potent cell activity in the absence of prodrug formation (SAG EC50 = 3.8 muM).
- Hunt, John T.,Lee, Ving G.,Leftheris, Katerina,Seizinger, Bernd,Carboni, Joan,et al.
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p. 353 - 358
(2007/10/03)
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