cas 345-89-1, 4-Fluoro-4'-methoxybenzophenone

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Suzuki coupling of aroyl-MIDA boronate esters – A preliminary report on scope and limitations
Recent methodological reports for synthesizing acyl-MIDA boronate esters compel an investigation of their potential use as substrates in a standard Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Here we report the production of benzophenones by C[sbnd]C cross coupling between a benzoyl-MIDA boronate ester and a multitude of aryl bromide substrates in adequate yields following optimization under ambient conditions outside of a glove box. Under these standard conditions, none of several acyl-MIDA boronate esters (in an alkyl series) serves as a competent coupling partner. The substrate scope is also limited by the finding that the corresponding trifluoroborates of both acyl- and aroyltrifluroborates are not suitable substrates. For reasons of availability and synthetic difficulty in procuring other aroyl-MIDA boronates, this preliminary study examines the reactivity of benzoyl-MIDA boronate with several aryl bromide substrates.
Lai, Samson,Lin, Wen Xuan,Perrin, David M.,Takaesu, Noah
(2021/05/31)

Acylboronates in polarity-reversed generation of acyl palladium(II) intermediates
We report a catalytic cross-coupling process between aryl (pseudo)halides and boron-based acyl anion equivalents. This mode of acylboronate reactivity represents polarity reversal, which is supported by the observation of tetracoordinated boronate and acyl palladium(II) species by 11B, 31P NMR, and mass spectrometry. A broad scope of aliphatic and aromatic acylboronates has been examined, as well as a variety of aryl (pseudo)halides.
Trofimova, Alina,Holownia, Aleksandra,Tien, Chieh-Hung,?irvinskas, Martynas J.,Yudin, Andrei K.
supporting information
p. 3294 - 3299
(2021/05/07)

Organotellurium-catalyzed oxidative deoximation reactions using visible-light as the precise driving energy
Irradiated by visible light, the recyclable (PhTe)2-catalyzed oxidative deoximation reaction could occur under mild conditions. In comparison with the thermo reaction, the method employed reduced catalyst loading (1 mol% vs. 2.5 mol%), but afforded elevated product yields with expanded substrate scope. This work demonstrated that for the organotellurium-catalyzed reactions, visible light might be an even more precise driving energy than heating because it could break the Te–Te bond accurately to generate the active free radical catalytic intermediates without damaging the fragile substituents (e.g., heterocycles) of substrates. The use of O2 instead of explosive H2O2 as oxidant affords safer reaction conditions from the large-scale application viewpoint.
Deng, Xin,Qian, Rongrong,Zhou, Hongwei,Yu, Lei
supporting information
p. 1029 - 1032
(2020/10/23)

Palladium-Catalyzed Amide N-C Hiyama Cross-Coupling: Synthesis of Ketones
N-Acylglutarimides and arylsiloxanes reacted in the presence of Pd(OAc)2/PCy3, Et3N·3HF, and LiOAc to provide the corresponding arylketones in good yields. Aryl-, vinyl-, and alkyl-substituted N-acylglutarimides showed good activity in the coupling reactions of arylsiloxanes. The reaction had a broad substrate scope and showed good functional group tolerance. N-Benzoylsuccinimide and N-protected N-phenylbenzamides showed good activities in coupling reactions with phenylsiloxane. The employment of CuF2 as an activor afforded the decarbonylative products at 160 °C.
Idris, Muhammad Aliyu,Lee, Sunwoo
supporting information
p. 9190 - 9195
(2020/11/18)

Novel and efficient bridged bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)palladium(II) catalysts for selective carbonylative Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions to biaryl ketones and biaryl diketones
Bridged N,N′-substituted bisbenzimidazolium bromide salts (L1, L2, and L3) were synthesized and fully characterized. Reactions of palladium acetate with L1, L2, and L3 afforded corresponding new bridged bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)palladium(II) complexes (C1, C2, and C3) in high yields. The X-ray structure of complex C1 showed that the Pd(II) ion is bonded to the two carbon atoms of the bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) and two bromido ligands are in the cis position, resulting in a distorted square planar geometry. The three Pd(NHC)2Br2 complexes C1, C2, and C3 were evaluated in carbonylative Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions of aryl boronic acids with aryl halides and displayed high catalytic activity with low catalyst loading. The coupling reactions of aryl bromides were selective towards the carbonylation product at higher carbon monoxide pressure.
El Ali, Bassam,Fettouhi, Mohammed,Mansour, Waseem
(2020/03/23)

Cobalt-catalyzed acylation-reactions of (hetero)arylzinc pivalates with thiopyridyl ester derivatives
A cobalt-catalyzed acylation reaction of various primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl, benzyl and (hetero)aryl S-pyridyl thioesters with (hetero)arylzinc pivalates is reported. The thioesters were prepared directly from the corresponding carboxylic acids under mild conditions, thus tolerating sensitive functional groups. Acylations of α-chiral S-pyridyl esters proceeded with very high stereoretention leading to optically enriched α-chiral ketones.
Lutter, Ferdinand H.,Grokenberger, Lucie,Hofmayer, Maximilian S.,Knochel, Paul
p. 8241 - 8245
(2019/09/19)

Synthesis and palladium(II) metal chemistry of thiazoline/imidazoline derived ligands: An efficient catalyst for cross-coupling reactions of arylboronic acids with acid chlorides and aryl halides
The synthesis, reactivity, spectroscopic characterization and catalytic activities of a series of Pd(II) complexes bearing the chelating ligands 2-(4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)aniline (2) and 2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)aniline (3) are reported. The reactions of 2 with [Pd(COD)Cl2] in 1:1 and 1:2 (ligand into metal and metal into ligand) molar ratios afforded the mononuclear complexes, PdCl2{κ2?N,S ? 2?(4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)aniline} (4), Pd{κ2?N,N’?2?(4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)aniline}2 (5) and Pd{κ12?N,N’?κ22?N,S ? 2?(4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)aniline}2 (6), respectively, in good yields. The neutral mononuclear palladium complexes PdCl2{κ2?N,N’?(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)aniline} (7) and Pd{κ2?N,N’?2?(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)aniline}2 (8) were synthesized using [Pd(COD)Cl2] with appropriate molar ratios. The palladium complexes 4–8 were evaluated for their catalytic activities in base assisted cross coupling reactions between acid chlorides and aryl halide with boronic acids. The complex 4 was found to be an efficient catalyst for producing unsymmetrical ketones (TOF = 19.8 min?1) while complex 7 was effective for making biaryls (TOF = 19.8 min?1).
Sudharsan, Murugesan,Suresh
p. 598 - 608
(2018/09/18)

Nickel-Catalyzed Molybdenum-Promoted Carbonylative Synthesis of Benzophenones
A nickel-catalyzed molybdenum-promoted carbonylative coupling reaction for the synthesis of benzophenones from aryl iodides has been developed. Various substituted diaryl ketones were synthesized in moderate to excellent yields under CO-gas-free conditions. A synergetic effect of both nickel and molybdenum has been observed, which is also responsible for the success of this transformation.
Peng, Jin-Bao,Wu, Fu-Peng,Li, Da,Qi, Xinxin,Ying, Jun,Wu, Xiao-Feng
p. 6788 - 6792
(2018/06/04)

Pd-NHC catalysed Carbonylative Suzuki coupling reaction and its application towards the synthesis of biologically active 3-aroylquinolin-4 (1H)-one and acridone scaffolds
We have unfolded a convenient and mild protocol for the synthesis of diaryl ketones via Pd- NHC catalysed carbonylative Suzuki coupling reaction. Notably, this method offers advantages like no use of toxic CO gas, shorter reaction time, high yield, and broad substrate scope. Several sensitive functional groups (like-COMe, -COOMe, -F, -Cl, -Br, -NH2, -CN) are well tolerated in this reaction. In addition, we have also demonstrated a new efficient route for the synthesis of biologically active and pharmaceutically important 2-substituted 3-Aroylquinolin-4(1H)-ones and acridone scaffolds.
Ghosh, Prasanjit,Ganguly, Bhaskar,Das, Sajal
(2018/03/01)

Hydrogen bond donor solvents enabled metal and halogen-free Friedel–Crafts acylations with virtually no waste stream
We have developed a metal and halogen-free Friedel–Crafts acylation protocol with virtually no waste stream generation. We propose a hydrogen bonding donor solvent will form a hydrogen bonding network and may provide significant rate enhancement for Friedel–Crafts reactions. Trifluoroacetic acid is one of the strongest H-bond donor solvents, which is also volatile and can be easily recovered by distillation without need for reaction workup. Our protocol is a ‘green’ Friedel–Crafts acylation process: 1) the catalyst can be recovered and reused; 2) using halogen free starting material (carboxylic acids anhydride or carboxylic acids); 3) no need for aqueous reaction work-up; 4) minimum or no waste steam generation.
Liu, Guangchang,Xu, Bo
supporting information
p. 869 - 872
(2018/02/09)

N-Acylsuccinimides: Efficient acylative coupling reagents in palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling via C–N cleavage
An acylative Suzuki coupling of activated amides with aryl boronic acids has been reported via palladium-catalyzed C–N bond cleavage. This protocol demonstrate amides can be activated by an atom-economic and cheap succinimide, which can be efficiently utilized to synthesize broad array of diaryl ketones in moderate to good yields.
Cui, Ming,Chen, Zeyu,Liu, Tingting,Wang, Hui,Zeng, Zhuo
supporting information
p. 3819 - 3822
(2017/09/15)

Ni-Catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of N-acylpyrrole-type amides with organoboron reagents
The catalytic conversion of amides to ketones is highly desirable yet challenging in organic synthesis. We herein report the first Ni/bis-NHC-catalyzed cross-coupling of N-acylpyrrole-type amides with arylboronic esters to obtain diarylketones. This method is facilitated by a new chelating bis-NHC ligand. The reaction tolerates diverse functional groups on both arylamide and arylboronic ester partners including sensitive ester and ketone groups.
Huang, Pei-Qiang,Chen, Hang
p. 12584 - 12587
(2017/11/30)

Experimental Evaluation of (L)Au Electron-Donor Ability in Cationic Gold Carbene Complexes
29Si NMR spectroscopy was employed to evaluate the electron donor properties of the (L)Au fragments in the cationic gold (β,β-disilyl)vinylidene complexes [(L)Au=C=CSi(Me)2CH2CH2Si(Me)2]+B(C6F5)4? [L=P(tBu)2o-biphenyl or NHC] relative to the p-substituted aryl group in the α-aryl-(β,β-disilyl)vinyl cations [(p-C6H4X)-C= CSi(Me)2CH2CH2Si(Me)2]+B(C6F5)4?. Similarly, 19F NMR was employed to evaluate the σ- and π-electron donor properties of the (L)Au fragments in the neutral gold fluorophenyl complexes (L)Au(C6H4F) and in the cationic (fluorophenyl)methoxycarbene complexes [(L)AuC(OMe)(C6H4F)]+SbF6? [L=P(tBu)2o-biphenyl or IPr] relative to the p-substituted aryl group of the protonated monofluorobenzophenones [(p-C6H4X)(C6H4F)COH]+OTf?. The results of these studies indicate that relative to p-substituted aryl groups, the gold (L)Au fragments [L=P(tBu)2o-biphenyl or NHC] are significantly more inductively electron donating and are comparable π-donors and for this reason, the extent of (L)Au→C1 electron donation in gold carbene complexes appears to exceed that provided by a p-(dimethyamino)phenyl group. Furthermore, the [L=P(tBu)2o-biphenyl]Au fragment is a nominally stronger electron donor than the (IPr)Au fragment, and both are significantly more inductively electron donating than the (PPh3)Au and [P(OMe)3]Au fragments.
Carden, Robert G.,Lam, Nathan,Widenhoefer, Ross A.
supporting information
p. 17992 - 18001
(2017/11/27)

The second aryl ketone compounds
The invention provides a synthetic method for diaryl ketone compounds. The method comprises the following steps: adding ester derivatives of raw material diaryl methanol, DDQ and water into an organic solvent, carrying out stirring, then carrying out heating to 110 to 140 DEG C and carrying out reaction for 0.5 to 12 h, and subjecting obtained reaction liquid to after-treatment so as to obtain the diaryl ketone compounds, wherein the ester derivatives of the raw material diaryl methanol have a structural formula as shown in a formula (V), (VI), (VII) or (VIII), and one-to-one correspondingly obtained products have the structural formula as shown in the formula (I), (II), (III) or (IV). The synthetic method for the diaryl ketone compounds provided by the invention has the advantages of simple, convenient and safe operation, mild reaction conditions and high product selectivity.
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Paragraph 0069; 0070

(2017/08/24)

Nickel-Catalyzed Negishi Cross-Coupling of N -Acylsuccinimides: Stable, Amide-Based, Twist-Controlled Acyl-Transfer Reagents via N-C Activation
This paper reports a room temperature, nickel-catalyzed Negishi cross-coupling of N -acylsuccinimides with arylzinc reagents via selective N-C bond cleavage enabled by amide bond twist. The reaction proceeds using a commercially available, air-stable Ni(II) precatalyst in the absence of additives under exceedingly mild conditions. Of broad interest, this report introduces N -acylsuccinimides as stable, crystalline, electrophilic, cost-effective, benign, amide-based acyl transfer reagents via acyl metal intermediates. The reaction selectivity is governed by half-twist of the amide bond in N -acylsuccinimides, thus opening the door for applications in metal-catalyzed manifolds via redox-neutral reaction pathways tuneable by amide bond distortion.
Shi, Shicheng,Szostak, Michal
p. 3602 - 3608
(2017/08/15)

At normal pressure fragrant ketone nickel catalytic synthesis method
The invention discloses a method for synthesizing diarylketone under the catalysis of nickel at normal pressure. The method comprises the steps of enabling aryl iodide, arylboronic acid and carbon monoxide to be subjected to direct cross-coupling reaction in a solvent polyethylene glycol or a water solution of polyethylene glycol under the catalysis of a nickel catalyst and the combined action of alkaline and acid at normal pressure to prepare a diarylketone compound. The method has the advantages of wide catalyst source, low price, little toxicity, reaction at normal pressure, high selectivity, no need of ligands in reaction, good activity, good functional group compatibility, wide substrate application range, wide substrate source, stable substrate, green and recyclable reaction medium and the like. The separation yield of target products is up to 93% under an optimized reaction condition.
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Paragraph 0003; 0017; 0027-0033

(2017/08/02)

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-hydroxytamoxifen analogs as estrogen-related receptor gamma inverse agonists
Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) has recently been recognized as an attractive target for treating inflammation, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Herein, we discovered and demonstrated the in vitro pharmacology as well as the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties of chemical entities that could act as highly selective inverse agonists for ERRγ. The results were comparable to those for GSK5182 (4), a leading ERRγ inverse agonist ligand. Briefly, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) range of the synthesized compounds for ERRγ was 0.1-10 μM. Impressively, compound 24e exhibited potency comparable to 4 but was more selective for ERRγ over three other subtypes: ERRα, ERRβ, and estrogen receptor α. Furthermore, compound 24e exhibited a superior in vitro ADMET profile compared to the other compounds. Thus, the newly synthesized class of ERRγ inverse agonists could be lead candidates for developing clinical therapies for ERRγ-related disorders.
Kim, Jina,Chin, Jungwook,Im, Chun Young,Yoo, Eun Kyung,Woo, Seoyeon,Hwang, Hee Jong,Cho, Joong-Heui,Seo, Kyung-Ah,Song, Jaeyoung,Hwang, Hayoung,Kim, Kyung-Hee,Kim, Nam Doo,Yoon, Suk Kyoon,Jeon, Jae-Han,Yoon, Seung-Yun,Jeon, Yong Hyun,Choi, Hueng-Sik,Lee, In-Kyu,Kim, Seong Heon,Cho, Sung Jin
p. 338 - 352
(2016/07/06)

Efficient Synthesis of Diaryl Ketones by Nickel-Catalyzed Negishi Cross-Coupling of Amides by Carbon–Nitrogen Bond Cleavage at Room Temperature Accelerated by a Solvent Effect
The first Negishi cross-coupling of amides for the synthesis of versatile diaryl ketones by selective C?N bond activation under exceedingly mild conditions is reported. The cross-coupling was accomplished with bench-stable, inexpensive precatalyst [Ni(PPh3)2Cl2] that shows high functional-group tolerance and enables the synthesis of highly functionalized diaryl ketone motifs. The coupling occurred with excellent chemoselectivity favoring the ketone (cf. biaryl) products. Notably, this process represents the mildest conditions for amide N?C bond activation accomplished to date (room temperature, 10 min). Considering the versatile role of polyfunctional biaryl ketone linchpins in modern organic synthesis, availability, and excellent functional-group tolerance of organozinc reagents, this strategy provides a new platform for amide N?C bond/organozinc cross-coupling under mild conditions.
Shi, Shicheng,Szostak, Michal
p. 10420 - 10424
(2016/07/21)

Diaryl a ketone compound catalytic oxidation synthesis method
The invention provides a catalytic oxidation synthesis method of a diaryl ketone compound. In an organic solvent, ester derivatives of diaryl methanol are used as reaction substrates, DDQ and TBN are used as catalysts, oxygen is used as an oxidant, so as to react for 1 to 12 h under the conditions of oxygen pressure of 0.1 to 0.4 MPa and temperature of 110 to 140 DEG C, and post processing is performed on reaction liquid, so as to obtain a product of the diaryl ketone compound; structural formulas of the ester derivatives of the diaryl methanol as the reaction substrates are shown in the formulas (V), (VI), (VII) or (VIII), and structural formulas of products which are correspondingly obtained one by one are shown in the formulas (I), (II), (III) or (IV). The catalytic oxidation synthesis method has the advantages of simplicity, convenience and safety in operation, mild reaction condition, high product selectivity and environmental friendliness.
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Paragraph 0069-0072

(2020/05/05)

Nickel-catalyzed diaryl ketone synthesis by N-C cleavage: Direct negishi cross-coupling of primary amides by site-selective N,N-Di-boc activation
A general Negishi acylation of primary amides enabled by a combination of site-selective N,N-di-Boc activation and nickel catalysis is reported for the first time. The reaction is promoted by a bench-stable, inexpensive Ni catalyst. The reaction shows excellent functional group compatibility, affording functionalized diaryl ketones by selective N-C cleavage. Most notably, this protocol represents the first amide cross-coupling by direct metal insertion of simple and readily available primary amides. The overall strategy by N,N-di-Boc activation/metal insertion is suitable for a broad range of coupling protocols via acylmetals. Mechanistic experiments suggest high reactivity of N,N-di-Boc activated 1° amides in direct amide C-N cross-couplings.
Shi, Shicheng,Szostak, Michal
p. 5872 - 5875
(2016/11/29)

Iron-Catalyzed Acylation of Polyfunctionalized Aryl- and Benzylzinc Halides with Acid Chlorides
FeCl2 (5 mol %) catalyzes a smooth and convenient acylation of functionalized arylzinc halides at 50 °C (2-4 h) and benzylic zinc chlorides at 25 °C (0.5-4 h) with a variety of acid chlorides leading to polyfunctionalized diaryl and aryl heteroaryl ketones.
Benischke, Andreas D.,Leroux, Marcel,Knoll, Irina,Knochel, Paul
supporting information
p. 3626 - 3629
(2016/08/16)

A mechanistic study of AIE processes of TPE luminogens: Intramolecular rotation vs. configurational isomerization
Chromophores containing olefinic double bonds are the core components of many important luminogen systems that show the novel photophysical effect of aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The role and extent of E-Z isomerization (EZI) of the double bond in affecting the solution emissions of the AIE luminogens (AIEgens), however, have not been fully understood. In this work, we verified the occurrence of EZI in the dilute solutions of TPE-cored AIEgens by NMR spectroscopy using elaborate experimental procedures. We further designed a TPE-fluorescein adduct to quantify that EZI plays a minor role whereas intramolecular rotation plays a major role in the emission quenching processes of the AIEgen solutions. This study fills the gap in the research on the restriction of the intramolecular rotation (RIR) mechanism for the AIE effect and provides a useful tool for the mechanistic investigation of photoluminescence processes.
Yang, Zhiyong,Qin, Wei,Leung, Nelson L. C.,Arseneault, Mathieu,Lam, Jacky W. Y.,Liang, Guodong,Sung, Herman H. Y.,Williams, Ian D.,Tang, Ben Zhong
p. 99 - 107
(2015/12/30)

DECARBOXYLATIVE CROSS-COUPLING AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF
Methods described herein enable the production of numerous molecular species through decarboxylative cross-coupling via use of photoredox and transition metal catalysts. For example, methods described herein enable the production of numerous molecular species through decarboxylative cross-coupling via use of photoredox and transition metal catalysts. A method described herein, in some embodiments, comprises providing a reaction mixture including a photoredox catalyst, a transition metal catalyst, a coupling partner and a substrate having a carboxyl group. The reaction mixture is irradiated with a radiation source resulting in cross-coupling of the substrate and coupling partner via a mechanism including decarboxylation, wherein the coupling partner is selected from the group consisting of a substituted aromatic compound and a substituted aliphatic compound.
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Page/Page column 31; 32; 34

(2015/12/09)

Nickel-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Coupling of Aryl Esters and Arylboronic Acids
A variety of functionalized biaryls can be accessed by coupling aryl and heteroaryl esters with boronic acids in Suzuki-Miyaura-type decarbonylative cross-coupling catalyzed by an affordable catalyst system composed of Ni(cod)2 and PCy3. The methodology is tolerant of a variety of functional groups and presents an attractive alternative to the use of palladium catalysis currently used in industry to acquire such bis(hetero)aryls, but also reveals challenges associated with nickel catalysis of esters in cross-coupling chemistry.
Laberge, Nicole A.,Love, Jennifer A.
supporting information
p. 5546 - 5553
(2015/09/01)

DDQ/tert-Butyl nitrite-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of diarylmethane sp3 C-H bonds
An efficient 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone/tert-butyl nitrite-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of diarylmethane sp3 C-H bonds in the presence of acetic acid has been developed. Under the optimal reaction conditions, a number of diarylmethanes can be directly converted to their corresponding diarylketones in good to excellent yields. In addition, a plausible reaction mechanism has been investigated.
Ma, Jiaqi,Hu, Zhiming,Li, Meichao,Zhao, Weijuan,Hu, Xinquan,Mo, Weimin,Hu, Baoxiang,Sun, Nan,Shen, Zhenlu
p. 6733 - 6739
(2015/08/24)

Transition-metal-free, ambient-pressure carbonylative cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with potassium aryltrifluoroborates
We disclose an unprecedented transition-metal-free carbonylative cross coupling of aryl halides with potassium aryl trifluoroborates even at atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide. This protocol is efficient, operationally simple, and shows wide scope with regard to both aryl halides and potassium aryl trifluoroborates containing a series of active functional groups.
Jin, Fengli,Han, Wei
supporting information
p. 9133 - 9136
(2015/06/08)

An efficient and recyclable thermoregulated phosphine-palladium catalyst for the carbonylative Suzuki coupling of aryl halides with arylboronic acids in water
An efficient protocol has been developed for the carbonylative Suzuki coupling of aryl halides using the thermoregulated phosphine-palladium as a reusable catalyst in pure water. This protocol was applied to a wide variety of hindered and functionalized aryl iodides and bromides with arylboronic acids, to afford the desired biaryl ketones in good to high yields. The palladium catalyst was easily recovered in the aqueous phase and reused up to eight cycles without a significant decrease in its activity.
Hao, Yuanping,Jiang, Jingyang,Wang, Yanhua,Jin, Zilin
p. 106 - 110
(2015/09/28)

Nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of carboxylic anhydrides with arylboronic acids
A nickel-based catalyst was employed in the cross-coupling of carboxylic anhydrides with arylboronic acids, and the reaction was carried out under mild conditions. This new protocol provides an efficient, cheap and convenient alternative to synthesizing aromatic ketones.
Chen, Qiang,Fan, Xin-Heng,Zhang, Li-Peng,Yang, Lian-Ming
p. 53885 - 53890
(2015/01/16)

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of 2-aryl-1,3-dithianes
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl bromides with 2-aryl-1,3-dithianes is described. This methodology takes advantage of the relatively acidic benzylic proton of the dithiane, allowing it to act as a competent, polarity-reversed transmetalation reagent. This unique approach affords the ability to employ an orthogonal deprotection strategy, and practical routes to both diaryl ketones and diarylmethanes are illustrated. Cross-coupling of a range of aryl dithianes with aryl bromides, including scope and current limitations, is presented.
Dockrey, Summer A. Baker,Makepeace, Alicia K.,Schmink, Jason R.
supporting information
p. 4730 - 4733
(2015/04/27)

One-pot synthesis of diarylmethanones through palladium-catalyzed sequential coupling and aerobic oxidation of aryl bromides with acetophenone as a latent carbonyl donor
A one-pot palladium-catalyzed synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical diarylmethanones using acetophenone and aryl bromides as raw materials has been developed. In this reaction, acetophenone acts as a latent carbonyl donor and two pathways of palladium-catalyzed sequential coupling and aerobic oxidation are identified. The reaction is applicable to a spectrum of substrates and delivers the products in moderate to good yields. This method can be used for the synthesis of ketoprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in a two-step procedure and 45% overall yield.
Wang, Xing,Liu, Fu-Di,Tu, Hai-Yang,Zhang, Ai-Dong
p. 6554 - 6562
(2014/08/05)

Iron-catalyzed carbonylative Suzuki reactions under atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide
The first highly effective iron-catalyzed carbonylative Suzuki reaction has been developed. Substrates with electron-donating or electron-withdrawing functionality, ortho-substitution, as well as active groups proceeded smoothly, affording desired products in high yields. This protocol is economical, environmentally benign and practical for the synthesis of biaryl ketones. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
Zhong, Yanzhen,Han, Wei
supporting information
p. 3874 - 3877
(2014/04/03)

In situ generated nickel nanoparticle-catalyzed carbonylative Suzuki reactions of aryl iodides with arylboronic acids at ambient CO pressure in poly(ethylene glycol)
A general in situ generated nickel nanoparticle-catalyzed carbonylative Suzuki reactions of aryl iodides with arylboronic acids at atmospheric CO pressure in poly(ethylene glycol) has been demonstrated. A wide range of aryl iodides and arylboronic acids can be coupled to the corresponding biarylketones with high yields even in the absence of an added ligand and at low catalyst loading. The nature of the active catalytic species is discussed. This journal is
Zhong, Yanzhen,Gong, Xinxing,Zhu, Xiaoshu,Ni, Zhuchao,Wang, Haoyang,Fu, Jinglin,Han, Wei
p. 63216 - 63220
(2015/02/19)

Dirhodium(II)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Aryl Aldehydes with Arylboronic Acids in Water
In this report, dirhodium(II) catalysts with axial phosphanes ligands were employed to catalyze cross-coupling reactions of aromatic aldehydes with arylboronic acids to generate ketones in neat water. The overall reaction is proposed to occur through a cascade process involving the dirhodium-catalyzed addition of boronic acids to aldehydes followed by the dehydrogenative oxidation of alcohols.
Kuang, Yi,Wang, Yuanhua
supporting information
p. 1163 - 1166
(2015/10/05)

Synthesis of new fluoro and fluoro methoxy diketone analogues of podophyllotoxin
The new compounds (6aR, 11bS)-3-fluoro-6,6a-dihydro-5H-benzo (c) fluorine-5,7 (11, bH)- dione and (6aR, 11bS)-3-fluoro-9-methoxy-6,6a-dihydro-5H-benzo (c) fluorine- 5,7 (11bH)- dione were synthesized in good yields. They are analogues of naturally occurring lignan podophyllotoxin which exhibits antimitotic activity.
Victor, Amos,Basavaraju
p. 197 - 200
(2019/01/21)

Facile preparation of aromatic ketones from aromatic bromides and arenes with aldehydes
Aromatic ketones were efficiently prepared in good yields by the reactions of aryl bromides with n-BuLi, followed by the reactions with aromatic aldehydes or aliphatic aldehydes and the subsequent treatment with molecular iodine and K2CO3, in a one-pot method. The same treatment of arenes, instead of aromatic bromides, also provided the corresponding aromatic ketones in good yields. Using these methods, various diaryl ketones and alkyl aryl ketones bearing electron-rich aromatics and electron-deficient aromatics could be prepared efficiently by a simple, transition-metal-free, and therefore environmentally benign experimental procedure.
Ushijima, Sousuke,Dohi, Souya,Moriyama, Katsuhiko,Togo, Hideo
experimental part
p. 1436 - 1442
(2012/03/09)

Synthesis of arylketones by ruthenium-catalyzed cross-coupling of aldehydes with arylboronic acids
The first ruthenium-catalyzed cross-coupling of aldehydes with arylboronic acids is reported. Various aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes are transformed to the corresponding arylketones. A total of 31 examples with moderate to excellent yields are presented, together with the results of an initial mechanistic investigation.
Li, Hong,Xu, Yuan,Shi, Erbo,Wei, Wei,Suo, Xiangqiang,Wan, Xiaobing
supporting information; experimental part
p. 7880 - 7882
(2011/08/06)

Aryl ketone synthesis via tandem orthoplatinated triarylphosphite-catalyzed addition reactions of arylboronic acids with aldehydes followed by oxidation
Tandem orthoplatinated triaryl phosphite-catalyzed addition reactions of arylboronic acids with aldehydes followed by oxidation to yield aryl ketones is described. 3-Pentanone was identified as a suitable oxidant for the tandem aryl ketone formation reaction. By using microwave energy, aryl ketones were obtained in high yields with the catalyst loading as low as 0.01%.
Liao, Yuan-Xi,Hu, Qiao-Sheng
supporting information; experimental part
p. 6986 - 6989
(2010/11/17)

PHOTOCHROMIC MATERIALS COMPRISING HALOALKYL GROUPS
Various non-limiting embodiments of the present invention relate to photochromic materials which include a haloalkyl group. More particularly, various non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein provide photochromic materials including an indeno-fused naphthopyran, such as, an indeno[2′,3′:3,4]naphtho[1,2-b] pyran, and a haloalkyl group bonded at the 13-position thereof, wherein the haloalkyl group is a perhalogenated group or a group represented by —O(CH2)a(CX2)bCT3, wherein T is a halogen, each X is independently hydrogen or halogen, a is an integer ranging from 1 to 10, and b is an integer ranging from 1 to 10. Other non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein provide photochromic composition and photochromic articles, such as, but not limited to ophthalmic lens, which include the disclosed photochromic materials and methods of making the same.
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(2008/06/13)

Atom-efficient cross-coupling reactions of triarylbismuths with acyl chlorides under Pd(0) catalysis
The atom-efficient cross-coupling reaction of triarylbismuths with a variety of aliphatic, aromatic, and hetero-aromatic acyl chlorides was demonstrated to afford high yields of cross-coupled ketones under palladium catalysis. The corresponding cross-coupling reaction with diacid chlorides also furnished bis-coupled ketones in good yields.
Rao, Maddali L.N.,Venkatesh, Varadhachari,Banerjee, Debasis
p. 12917 - 12926
(2008/03/28)

Room-temperature nucleophilic aromatic fluorination: Experimental and theoretical studies
(Chemical Equation Presented) Taming the reagent: The use of anhydrous tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAFanh) in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions, including variants of the selective halogen-exchange and fluorodenitration processes (see scheme), was investigated. It was shown that TBAFanh permits these reactions to be performed under surprisingly mild conditions if it is used in relatively nonpolar media.
Sun, Haoran,DiMagno, Stephen G.
p. 2720 - 2725
(2007/10/03)

Application of the catalytic friedel-crafts acylation reaction and regioselectivity correlations
A correlation was found between electronic properties and regioselectivity in the Friedel-Crafts reaction of substituted phenylacetic and benzoic acids with anisole, utilising substoichiometric (down to 1 mol%) amounts of catalyst. Relative reactivities of selected catalysts for this reaction were also studied. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
Wilkinson, Mark C.,Saez, Fabienne,Wei, Lee Hon
p. 1063 - 1066
(2007/10/03)

An atom-efficient palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of triarylbismuths with acid chlorides: synthesis of diaryl and alkyl aryl ketones
The cross-coupling reaction of triarylbismuths with acid chlorides using a catalytic amount of PdCl2/PPh3 afforded the corresponding ketones in high yields. The reactions of aromatic and aliphatic acid chlorides occurred with atom efficiency, as 3 equiv of acid chlorides coupled effectively with 1 equiv of triarylbismuths to yield 3 equiv of the corresponding diaryl and alkyl aryl ketones.
Rao, Maddali L.N.,Venkatesh, Varadhachari,Jadhav, Deepak N.
p. 6975 - 6978
(2007/10/03)

Arylation of carbonyl compounds catalyzed by rhodium and iridium 1,3-R 2-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidenes: Structure-reactivity correlations
Six different well-defined rhodium and iridium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes, i.e., RhCl-(1,3-dimesityltetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene)(COD) (1), RhBr(1,3-dimesityltetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene)-(COD) (2), RhCl[1,3-di(2- propyl)tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene](COD) (3), IrCl(1,3- dimesityltetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene)(COD) (4), Rh(CF3COO) (1,3-dimesityltetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene)(COD) (5), and IrBr[1,3-di(2-propyl) tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene](COD) (6) (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, mesityl = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) have been used as catalysts for the arylation of aldehydes and α,β-unsaturated ketones using different arylboronic acids. Compounds 1-4 and 6 were prepared by reaction of [RhCl(COD)]2 and [IrCl(COD)]2, respectively, with a base and the corresponding 1,3-R2-tetrahydropyrimidinium salt. Compound 5 was prepared by reaction of 1.0 equivalents of CF3COOAg with 1. The use of an excess of CF3COOAg resulted in the replacement of Rh(I) by Ag(I) and yielded Ag(1,3-dimesityltetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene)+Rh 2(CF3COO)3(COD)- (8). Compounds 4 and 8 were characterized by X-ray analysis. The activity of the rhodium complexes increased in the order 5 > 3 > 1 > 2, indicating the necessity of strongly electron-withdrawing groups at the metal centers, thus increasing their nucleophilicity. In due consequence, the softer iridium complexes 4 and 6 exhibited significantly reduced catalytic activity albeit with enhanced selectivity. The syntheses of the metal complexes as well as a detailed study on their reactivity in the arylation of carbonyl compounds using equimolar amounts of arylboronic acid and carbonyl compound in the presence of 0.08-1 mol % catalyst are presented.
Imlinger, Nicolas,Mayr, Monika,Wang, Dongren,Wurst, Klaus,Buchmeiser, Michael R.
p. 1836 - 1843
(2007/10/03)

Chain-growth polycondensation for aromatic polyethers with low polydispersities: Living polymerization nature in polycondensation
Polycondensation normally proceeds in a step-growth reaction manner to give polymers with a wide range of molecular weights. However, the polycondensation of potassium 5-cyano-4-fluoro-2-propylphenolate (1) proceeded at 150 °C in a chain polymerization manner from an initiator, 4-fluoro-4′-trifluoromethylbenzophenone (2a), to give aromatic polyethers having controlled molecular weights and low polydispersities (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.1). The resulting polycondensation of 1 had all of the characteristics of living polymerization and displayed a linear correlation between molecular weight and monomer conversion, maintaining low polydispersities. The MALDI-TOF mass spectrum of poly1 revealed that this polycondensation did not include conventional step-growth polycondensation which gave the polymer without initiation unit and macrocycles. The poly1 with low polydispersity showed higher crystallinity than that with broad molecular weight distribution, obtained by the conventional polycondensation of 1 without 2a.
Suzuki, Yukimitsu,Hiraoka, Shuichi,Yokoyama, Akihiro,Yokozawa, Tsutomu
p. 4756 - 4765
(2007/10/03)

Synthesis and structure-activity studies of novel orally active non-terpenoic 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase inhibitors
New orally active non-terpenoic inhibitors of human 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase (hOSC) are reported. The starting point for the optimization process was a set of compounds derived from a fungicide project, which in addition to showing high affinity for OSC from Candida albicans showed also high affinity for human OSC. Common structural elements of these inhibitors are an amine residue and an electrophilic carbonyl C atom embedded in a benzophenone system, which are at a distance of about 10.7 ?. Considering that the keto moiety is in a potentially labile position, modifications of the substitution pattern at the benzophenone as well as annelated heteroaryl systems were explored. Our approach combined testing of the compounds first for increased binding affinity and for increased stability in vitro. Most promising compounds were then evaluated for their efficacy in lowering plasma total cholesterol (TC) and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in hyperlipidemic hamsters. In this respect, the most promising compounds are the benzophenone derivative 1·fumarate and the benzo[d]-isothiazol 24·fumarate, which lowered TC by 40% and 33%, respectively.
Dehmlow, Henrietta,Aebi, Johannes D.,Jolidon, Synèse,Ji, Yu-Hua,Von der Mark, Elisabeth M.,Himber, Jacques,Morand, Olivier H.
p. 3354 - 3370
(2007/10/03)

Preparation process of fluorine substituted aromatic compound
A preparation process of a fluorine substituted aromatic compound comprising reacting an alkali metal or alkali earth metal salt of an aromatic compound having a hydroxy group with an organic fluorinating agent is disclosed. As a representative fluorinating agent, a bis-dialkylamino-difluoromethane compound, for example, 2,2′-difluoro-1,3-dimethylimidazolidine, is exemplified. According to the process, an industrially useful fluorinated aromatic compound, for example, a fluorobenzene, a fluorine substituted benzophenone, a fluorine substituted diarylsulfone can be prepared with ease in economy without specific equipment.
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(2008/06/13)

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of benzophenone hydrazone derivatives with insecticidal activity
A broad range of benzophenone hydrazone derivatives was prepared and tested against selected chewing insect pests, allowing the analysis of structure-activity relationships. Good activity was found only when the aromatic rings were substituted at the 4-positions with an halogen atom and a triflate or perhaloalkoxy group. In contrast, a number of substituents on the hydrazone part led to active compounds, the best results being achieved with acyl-type substituents. The excellent laboratory and greenhouse activity of the best representatives was confirmed in semi-field trials against Spodoptera littoralis. ° 2001 Society of Chemical Industry.
Boeger, Manfred,Duerr, Dieter,Gsell, Laurenz,Hall, Roger G.,Karrer, Friedrich,Kristiansen, Odd,Maienfisch, Peter,Pascual, Alfons,Rindlisbacher, Alfred
p. 191 - 202
(2007/10/03)

Polymerisation and Related Reactions involving Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. Part 1. The Rates of Reaction of Substituted 4-Halogenobenzophenones with the Potassium Salts of Substituted 4-Hydroxybenzophenones
The rate of displacement of fluorine from 4'-X,4-fluorobenzophenones by the potassium salts of 4'-X,4-hydroxybenzophenones (X = CF3, Cl, F, H, OPh, and OMe) has been studied at 175-225 deg C in diphenyl sulphone as solvent.Comparison with the corresponding rate of displacement of chlorine indicates that the reaction is a bimolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution.The reaction obeys the Hammett equation using normal ? values for substitution in both the substrate (ρ 1.19) and the phenolate (ρ -0.53).There is also a marked salt effect on the reaction rate and this has been included with the substituent constants in a general equation for the calculation of rate coefficients.The effect of an O- substituent is more marked than would have been expected from the previous range of ? values ascribed to this substituent.
Ridd, John H.,Yousaf, Taher I.,Rose, John B.
p. 1729 - 1734
(2007/10/02)

Synthesis and receptor-binding affinity of fluorotamoxifen, a possible estrogen-receptor imaging agent
Aminotamoxifen was totally synthesized from p-nitrobenzoyl chloride via a Friedel-Crafts acylation. Then, by means of a Balz-Schiemann reaction, aminotamoxifen was converted into fluorotamoxifen. The triazene variation of this conversion, with a 25% yield, enables a rapid, one-step diazotization, incorporating a fluorine atom into the phenyl ring of the tamoxifen. This reaction may be useful for the preparation of low specific activity 18F-labeled tamoxifen, for distribution, and for estrogen-receptor studies. For these in vivo and in vitro studies, fluorotamoxifen was also synthesized from p-fluorobenzoyl chloride, and its chemical intermediates were compared with estradiol and hexestrol, for their receptor binding and competition, as well as for their uterotropic activity. It is demonstrated that tamoxifen and fluorotamoxifen are strong estradiol agonists and partial hexestrol agonists, while aminotamoxifen is a weak estradiol and hexestrol agonist.
Shani,Gazit,Livshitz,Biran
p. 1504 - 1511
(2007/10/02)

Stereochemical aspects of the metabolism of 5-(4'-fluorophenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin in the rat
Racemic 5-(4'-fluorophenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin was synthesized to examine its metabolism in rat. This compound differs from the antiepileptic agent 5,5-diphenylhydantoin in that the normal site of hydroxylation in 5,5-diphenylhydantoin is blocked on one of the phenyl groups by a fluorine atom. The 4'-fluoro analogue gives a major metabolite, which was isolated and identified as (R)-(-)-5-(4'-fluorophenyl)-5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)hydantoin of 37% enantiomeric purity. The absolute configuration and enantiomeric purity of the metabolite were determined by chemical conversion to (S)-(-)-5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin. A second metabolite of the catechol type, possibly as a mixture of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(4'-fluorophenyl)hydantoin, and the corresponding O-3'-methyl derivative was detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after methylation.
Poupaert,Adline,Claesen,De Laey,Dumont
p. 1140 - 1142
(2007/10/06)