- Upgrading of aromatic compounds in bio-oil over ultrathin graphene encapsulated Ru nanoparticles
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Fast pyrolysis of biomass for bio-oil production is a direct route to renewable liquid fuels, but raw bio-oil must be upgraded in order to remove easily polymerized compounds (such as phenols and furfurals). Herein, a synthesis strategy for graphene encapsulated Ru nanoparticles (NPs) on carbon sheets (denoted as Ru@G-CS) and their excellent performance for the upgrading of raw bio-oil were reported. Ru@G-CS composites were prepared via the direct pyrolysis of mixed glucose, melamine and RuCl3 at varied temperatures (500-800 °C). Characterization indicated that very fine Ru NPs (2.5 ± 1.0 nm) that were encapsulated within 1-2 layered N-doped graphene were fabricated on N-doped carbon sheets (CS) in Ru@G-CS-700 (pyrolysis at 700 °C). And the Ru@G-CS-700 composite was highly active and stable for hydrogenation of unstable components in bio-oil (31 samples including phenols, furfurals and aromatics) even in aqueous media under mild conditions. This work provides a new protocol to the utilization of biomass, especially for the upgrading of bio-oil.
- Shi, Juanjuan,Zhao, Mengsi,Wang, Yingyu,Fu, Jie,Lu, Xiuyang,Hou, Zhaoyin
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supporting information
p. 5842 - 5848
(2016/05/24)
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- P450-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective oxidative hydroxylation of disubstituted cyclohexanes: Creation of three centers of chirality in a single CH-activation event This paper is dedicated to the memory of Harry H. Wasserman
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Wild-type P450-BM3 is able to catalyze in a highly regio- and diastereoselective manner the oxidative hydroxylation of non-activated disubstituted cyclohexane derivatives lacking any functional groups, including cis- and trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane, cis- and trans-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane, and trans-1,4-methylisopropylcyclohexane. In all cases except chiral trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane as substrate, the single hydroxylation event at a methylene group induces desymmetrization with simultaneous creation of three centers of chirality. Certain mutants increase selectivity, setting the stage for future directed evolution work.
- Ilie, Adriana,Agudo, Rubén,Roiban, Gheorghe-Doru,Reetz, Manfred T.
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p. 470 - 475
(2015/02/02)
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- Raney Ni-Al alloy-mediated reduction of alkylated phenols in water
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Raney Ni-Al alloy in a dilute aqueous alkaline solution has been shown to be a very powerful reducing agent in the hydrogenation of phenol and alkylated phenols to the corresponding cyclohexanol derivatives.
- Tan, Song-Liang,Liu, Guo-Bin,Gao, Xiang,Thiemann, Thies
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experimental part
p. 5 - 7
(2009/09/06)
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- The selective functionalization of saturated hydrocarbons. Part 36. Stereoselectivity studies of Gif-type reactions
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The stereoselectivity of various Gif-type reactions was evaluated using trans-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane as a chemical probe. The results revealed that these reactions were moderately stereoselective. The outcome of the reactions was preferentially formed in the more stable equatorial configuration.
- Barton, Derek H. R.,Chavasiri, Warinthorn
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p. 2997 - 3004
(2007/10/03)
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- Cycloalkyl esters of mercaptoalkanoic acids
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Described are the cycloalkyl esters of mercaptoalkanoic acids defined according to the structure: STR1 wherein R1 represents hydrogen or methyl; R2 represents mono C1 -C4 alkyl substituted or unsubstituted C5 -C8 cycloalkyl; R3 represents hydrogen or methyl; and N represents 0, 1 or 2 and uses thereof in augmenting or enhancing the aroma or taste of foodstuffs.
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- Directing Effects in Homogeneous Hydrogenation with PF6
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The presence of a ligating group, e.g., OH, CO2Me, C=O, or OMe, on an olefinic substrate is shown to direct the attack of the hydrogenation catalyst PF6/H2/CH2Cl2 from the face of the molecule containing the directing group.Isomerization is a minor side reaction in the cases studied.The origin of this effect is discussed and a model intermediate isolated.
- Crabtree, Robert H.,Davis, Mark W.
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p. 2655 - 2661
(2007/10/02)
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- Functionalization of Saturated Hydrocarbons. Part 4. The Gif System for Selective Oxidation using Molecular Oxygen
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Various systems for the selective oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons have been developed.These are based on the idea of an iron catalyst which is reduced by electron transfer and oxidized by molecular oxygen simultaneously in the presence of a source of protons.Four modifications of this system (the Gif system) have been devised of which the best (Gif IV) consists of an iron catalyst with metallic zinc as the reductant, acetic acid as the proton source and pyridine as the solvent.At room temperature, using oxygen or air, saturated hydrocarbons are oxidized selectively to ketones in isolated yields superior to those reported for comparable model systems.
- Barton, Derek H. R.,Boivin, Jean,Gastiger, Michel,Morzycki, Jacek,Hay-Motherwell, Robyn S.,et al.
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p. 947 - 956
(2007/10/02)
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- Polycyclic phenols, alcohols and ketones from phenols, cyclic alcohols and cyclic ketones using a nickel oxide/manganese oxide/magnesium oxide catalyst in presence of at least one of hydrogen and nitrogen
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At least one of a polycyclic phenol, a polycyclic alcohol and a polycyclic ketone is produced under hydrogenation conditions using a nickel oxide/manganese oxide/magnesium oxide catalyst by subjecting at least one of a monocyclic ketone, a monocyclic alcohol and a monocyclic phenol to said conditions and said catalyst.
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